Enhanced Oil Recovery

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A Seminar Presentation on

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Mohammed Nadeem Ansari Integrated B.Tech+MBA(UAM) 4th Year R270307018

What Is EOR ?
Enhanced

Oil Recovery (abbreviated EOR) is a generic term for techniques for increasing the amount of crude oil that can be extracted from an oil field. oil recovery is also called improved oil recovery or tertiary recovery. EOR, 30-60%, or more, of the reservoir's original oil can be extracted compared with 20-40% using primary and secondary recovery

Enhanced

Using

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Contents
How it works
Gas injection Chemical injection Microbial injection Thermal methods

Economic costs and benefits Environmental impacts Artificial Lift Techniques - Sucker Rod

Pumping 4/20/12

System

Crude Recovery Mechanisms

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Gas injection
Gas reinjection is presently the most-

commonly used approach to enhanced recovery. In addition to the beneficial effect of the pressure, this method sometimes aids recovery by reducing the viscosity of the crude oil as the gas mixes with it. nitrogen. Air cannot be used to repressurize the reservoir because the oil will quickly catch on fire.

Gases used include CO2, natural gas or

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Remember, In Gas Injection

More than half and up to two-thirds of the

injected CO2 returns with the produced oil and is usually re-injected into the reservoir to minimize operating costs. by various means.

The remainder is trapped in the oil reservoir

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Chemical injection
The injection of various chemicals, usually as

dilute solutions, have been used to improve oil recovery. reservoirs with oil that has organic acids naturally occurring in the oil will result in the production of soap that may lower the interfacial tension enough to increase production. polymer to increase the viscosity of the

Injection of alkaline or caustic solutions into

Injection of a dilute solution of a water soluble

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Microbial injection
It is presently rarely used, both because of its

higher cost and because the developments in this field are more recent than other techniques. discovered and developed (using gene mutation) which function either by partially digesting long hydrocarbon molecules, by generating biosurfactants, or by emitting carbon dioxide (which then functions as described in Gas injection).

Strains of microbes have been both

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Approaches used to achieve microbial injection. In the first approach, bacterial cultures mixed
with a food source (a carbohydrate such as molasses is commonly used) are injected into the oil field. nutrients are injected into the ground to nurture existing microbial bodies.
In the second approach, used since 1985,

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Thermal methods
In this approach, various methods are used to

heat the crude oil in the formation to reduce its viscosity and/or vaporize part of the oil. and the displacement efficiency.

These methods improve the sweep efficiency

These methods are : 1. Cyclic Steam Injection. 2. Steam Drive & In-situ Combustion
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Economic costs and benefits

Adding oil recovery methods adds to the cost

of oil in the case of CO2 typically between 0.5-8.0 US$ per tonne of CO2.

The increased extraction of oil on the other

hand, is an economic benefit with the revenue depending on prevailing oil price.

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Environmental Impacts
Enhanced oil recovery wells typically produce

large quantities of brine at the surface.

The brine may contain toxic metals and

radioactive substances, as well as being very salty. This can be very damaging to drinking water sources and the environment generally if not properly controlled.

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Artificial Lift System

Sucker Rod Pumps, also called Donkey pumps or beam pumps, are the most common artificial-lift system used in land-based operations. Motor drives a reciprocating beam, connected to a polished rod passing into the tubing via a stuffing box. The sucker rod continues down to the oil level and is connected to a plunger with a valve.
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Simple Fundamental
On each upward

stroke, the plunger lifts a volume of oil up and through the wellhead discharge. stroke it sinks (it should sink, not be pushed) with oil flowing through the valve.

On the downward

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Sucker Rod Pumping System

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Conclusions
With the help of Enhanced Oil Recovery Techinques, the production of wells increases considerably. The cost of production increases but it is less when compared to a recovery of 30-60%. The most common method of artificial lift is Sucker Rod Pumping system(85%); with gas lift second (10%), and then electrical submersible and hydraulic pumping about equal (2%) in 4/20/12 usage.

Thank You
Have a Great Day

Waiting For Your Queries

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