Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
DISEASES (IDD)
Definition: A disease that is the result of loss of
function (or defective function) of a component of
the immune system. It can be due to the absence
of that component.
Types:
1o - inherent, congenital (Intrinsic defect
in a cell)
2o - acquired (Extrinsic factors e.g.
radiation, drugs)
Clues:
Recurrence of serious infections starting early after
birth caused by:
i. Encapsulated bacteria, e.g. streptococci,
staphylococci, H. influenzae
due to defect in C, phagocytes, Ab
I. B cells .VI
II. T cells.VIII
III. Macrophages .X
IV. Complement.XII
I. B cell deficiency
• X-linked agammaglobulinemia
(Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia)
Common in male infants
Immune defect: absence of mature B cells in
lymphoid tissue and blood, no tonsils, small
lymph nodes, low or no serum Ig
Intact CMI
• Specific abnormality: blockage in maturation of
recurrent bacterial
infections
injections
2. Common variable hypo-gamma-
globulinemia
Affect both sexes, adults (late onset, 15-35 yrs),
familial incidence but no definite genetic basis
Immune defect: low serum Ig, low plasma cell
level, Abnormal function of B cells but normal
no. of B cells in blood
Specific abnormality: defective differentiation of
B cells into plasma cells
Acquired [e.g. viral infection (EBV)]
Treatment: periodic gamma-globulin injections
II. T cell deficiency
B cell defects
Measurement of level of serum Ig
Enumeration of peripheral B cells
T cell defects
Enumeration of peripheral T cells and T
cell subpopulations
T cell proliferation tests
III- Complement deficiency
Defect in:
Treatment: Antibiotics
Importance of gp120
Disease is in several stages:
Treatment:
1. Treatment of microbial infections
2. Anti-viral drugs
3. Immunorestoration: BM transplantation, Ig
injections, cytokines