PRESENTED BY

RUPALI
STUDENT TARINER
&
CLASS : 10TH
GROUP LEADER : KULVEER
STUDENTS : RAJAN
CHANDAN
RAVINDER
GOVT.HIGH SCHOOL
BASTI BAWA KHEL
JALANDHAR
 ENVIRONMENT
DEFINITION : All that surrounds and
affects the life of an organism is
called its environment.
It includes:
 Physical or Abiotic Factors

Example:
air,water,soil,temperature,light etc.
 Biotic Factors

Example:Plants and Animals

 POLLUTION
 Pollution is the addition of any such
constituents to air, water or land,
which adversly alter the natural
quality of environment
 The constituent thus added is called
POLLUTANT.
 Pollutants can be wastes or
deliberate additions.CO2
 POLLUTANTS
 BIODEGRADABLE; which can
be broken down by organisms and
disperse.
 NON-BIODEGRADABLE ; which
are indestructible e.g. D.D.T. ,
detergents , plastic, glass etc.
POLLUTION AT FASTER
RATE
 Recently, specially after the
scientific and industrial
revolution, there has been
immense impact of man on its
environment. e.g.
 Huge industrial installations

 New and Faster modes of

transport
 Sprouting up of large crowded
 ENVIRONMENTAL
POLLUTION
 Smoke from the factory
chimneys
 Industrial wastes poured out into
water sources
 Agricultural chemicals

 Exhaust fumes from automobiles

 Radio-active substances

 Oil spills

 Sewage in lakes and rivers

 How Grave Can Be a Pollutant?
An Example of CO2
 Forests are depleting
 Factory chimneys add CO2 day and
night
 Can lead to Global Warming
 Glaciers of mountain tops will melt
 Sea level will rise
 Coastal areas will submerge
 KINDS OF POLLUTION
1- AIR POLLUTION
2- WATER POLLUTION
3- SOIL POLLUTION
4- THERMAL POLLUTION
5- NOISE POLLUTION
1- PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTANTS-----
These are solid particles carried
away in air. e.g. unburnt carbon
particles, grains of soil, fine sand,
metal particles and cotton dust.
2- GASEOUS AIR POLLUTANTS-----------
Variety of gases e.g. SO2, NO2, H2S,
CO, NH3 etc. given out by
automobiles and smoke etc.
HARMFUL EFFECTS OF
Air Pollution
 SO -----Damages
2
respiratory system,
causes ACID RAIN
 SMOKE-----Causes lung

cancer
 CO-----Highly

poisonous-----lowers
oxygen carrying capacity
 The OZONE HOLES
 Jet planes emit CFC i.e. Chlorofloro-
carbons
 It disturbs OZONE layer by making
HOLES
 U V rays reach EARTH
 U V rays cause skin cancer
TO DRAW ATTENTION that ozone
layer must not be disturbed,
September 16 is to be observed as
INTERNATIONAL OZONE DAY from
1996 onwards.
MEASURE TO CONTROL AIR-
POLLUTION
 Precipitators should be installed
in factories.
 Automobiles should be checked

for pollution.
 Coal and fossil fuels should be

replaced by other sources of

energy.
 Large scale tree plantation can

reduce air pollution.

CAUSED BY:
 Sewage

 Domestic and
Industrial wastes
 Dead remains of
plants and animals
 Synthetic detergents

 Acids, alkalies and

soluble salts
 Insecticides like D.D.T.

 Oil spilling
MEASURE TO PREVENT
WATER POLLUTION
 The sewage should be fully
treated before releasing into
rivers.
 All effluents should be cleaned

before they are released

(DETOXIFIED).
 Dead remains of animals should

not put in rivers.

CAUSED BY :
 Pollutants washed out of the
ATMOSPHERE
 Insecticides and pesticides used in

Agriculture
 Excessive use of FERTILIZERS

NOTE------IT IS A LOCALISED PROBLEM

AND CAN BE CONTROLLED.
 THERMAL POLLUTION
 Caused by hot
gases and hot
water when
released in
atmosphere or
water
 Done by Thermal
Power Stations or
Industries
 Can kill aquatic
life and fish
 NOISE POLLUTION
 Def.----- Noise is usually defined
as any unwanted SOUND.
 Sources---- Workshops, Trains,

Automobiles, Jet aeroplanes,

Radio, Television, Loudspeakers,
Musical bands etc.
 DECIBEL--- Units Of Sound
RANGE(in decibels)--------Feeling
 120-----onwards Painful
 90------120 Uncomfortable
 70------90 Very loud
 50------70 Moderately loud
 30------50 Quiet
 10------30 Very quiet
 1--------10 Just audible
HARMFUL EFFECTS OF
NOISE POLLUTION
 Interferes with
communication
 Affects peace of mind

 Lower efficiency of work

 Disturbs sleep

 Damage ear-drum
MINIMISING NOISE POLLUTION
 Reduce noise at source
 Interrupt the path of

transmission
 Prohibit blowing of horns near

schools, hospitals etc.

 Personal protection using ear

plugs or stuffing ears with

cotton
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 We are thankful to our student
trainer Mrs. Rupali for their kind and
moral support to make the project
successful.