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United Technologies Corporation Pratt & Whitneys Green Engine Program Our conception of Life Cycle Assessment Elimination of hazardous materials from life cycle Strategic thoughts on implementing green
Progress !!
Lead air emissions Lead in childs blood CO emissions Auto hydrocarbons Lakes/ rivers Bald eagle Sewage
U.S. data unless noted
98% decrease 82% decrease 30% decrease 98% decrease 60% fully meet water stds. off endangered species list
Progress ??
Electricity use per capita Aluminum consumption CO2 concentration Waste to landfills Ozone hole 21 % increase 1977-87
1200% increase 1970-88 7% increase 34% increase 60% deeper 1975-95 1970-90 1970-95
= Population X
Charges Levels Quotas Budgets Ch. 2 Phase-out Ch. 2 Restrictions Ch. 3 Restrictions
Number of Restrictions
1980
Year
1990
2000
2/22/00
25
Management
Green Factory
Customer Requirements/ Communications
Technology
Pre-Manu facture
Manufacturing
Distribution
Recovery Management
Remanufacture Revert
CO2 Emissions
Factory vs. Use
120 MILLION METRIC TONS OF CO2 100 80 60 40 20 0
55X
Stripping 9% Cleaning & Rinsing 11% Surface Preparation & Treatment 17% Maintenance & Service 11%
Hazardous waste sent off Hazardous waste sent off site by process source site by process source
Involves Green Suppliers and Partners Is Designed for Serviceability, Reusability, Recyclability
Job Ticket/ SRD/ CRD LCA Goals Design Standard Work Design Specifications Procurement Process
Operating Procedures
End of Life
Service
Use
Distribute
P&W Manufacturing
Supplier Manufacturing
Technology Team
Job Ticket/ SRD/ CRD
Supplier Team
LCA
Design Team
Operating Procedures
End of Life
Service
Use
Distribute
P&W Manufacturing
Supplier Manufacturing
PLANNING
DEFINITION
VALIDATION
DELIVERY
SUPPORT
Product Requirements Objectives & Targets EH&S ANNUAL PLANNING& EVALUATION EH&S ANNUAL PLANNING& EVALUATION
Baseline LCAs are the Standard by Which Future Products Are Compared
Large Gas Turbine Engine General Aviation Engine Liquid Rocket (expendable & serviceable) Solid Rocket (expendable & serviceable)
And.
Raises consciousness of organization
Materials Of Concern Hazardous Materials Index Product Comparisons Standard Work Green Technology Goals Summary
Materials Of Concern
Objectives Identify hazardous material risks across the enterprise Provide a deliverable for incorporation into standard work Create a green index to drive green technology plan Rationale Appearance of targeted materials on one or more industry, customer or regulatory list(s) of hazardous materials Relevance to Pratt & Whitney product lines or processes Potential linkage to product and process design callouts
Definition Of Categories
Prohibited
high risk materials not permitted in new design and development
Restricted
high risk materials that can only be used with appropriate levels of approval plan must be established to validate alternate green material
To Be Reduced
materials known to have detrimental environmental, health and safety impacts.
Materials of Concern
Prohibited
Arsenic & compounds Asbestos Benzene Beryllium Cadmium & compounds Chlorinated solvents Ethyl alcohol Ethylene glycol ether compounds Formaldehyde Mercury & compounds Methanol (methyl alcohol) Methylene chloride Class I ozone depleting substances Radioactive materials, including Thoriated (TD) nickel Toluene diisocyanate
Restricted
Chromium, hexavalent Class II ODS Cyanides Dimethylformamide HCFC-14 lb & HCFC-22 Hydrazine Hydrofluoric acid Hydrogen fluoride gas Lead & compounds Manmade fibers, e.g., cristobalite, fiberfrax MDA (4, 4-Methylenedianiline) Methyl alcohol (methanol) Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK, 2butanone) Methyl iso-butyl ketone (MIBK, 4-methyl-2-pentanone) Phenol Styrene Toluene Xylene
To Be Reduced
Acetone Ammonia Butyl alcohol Ethyl benzene n-Hexane Hydrochloric acid Isocyanates n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone Isopropyl alcohol Nickel plate Nitric acid Petroleum distillates (e.g., naptha, mineral spirits, stoddard solvent, varsol, evaporative lubricants) Phosphoric acid Sec-butyl alcohol Sulfuric acid 1, 2, 4Trimethylbenzene
Assign toxicity values to materials & process specifications based on Purdue University rankings Quantify green indices based on Pratt & Whitney Canada algorithm:
Ih =
T*nP/N
where: Ih = Hazardous Material Index T = toxicity value of specification nP = number of part numbers that call out specification
Establish metrics/set goals Establish signoff/approval protocols Control via standard work
30 25 20 15 10 5 0
JT8D-219 PW2037 PW4168 Goal
Technology Opportunity
Standard Work
Materials Of Concern
Contains background, contacts and protocols References material and process specification list Links to data base containing materials of concern, toxicity rating detail, identified by specifications Links to menu for selection of alternate materials and processes, cross-referenced by specification
Summary
Comprehensive effort to identify hazardous material risks across the Pratt & Whitney enterprise Risks defined by levels of concern Standard work tool for designers established Goals in process of being defined Hazardous Materials Index will drive technology
Tomorrows economy will be about increasing returns where we learn to exploit virtuous cycles rather than manage vicious ones.