3-D Problems( 三維空間問 題 )

❧ Plane( 平面 )
❧ Angle between Two Planes( 兩平面的夾角
)
❧ A Line and a Plane( 一線與一面 )
❧ Angle between a Line and a Plane
( 線與面的交角 )
❧ Line of Greatest Slope( 斜坡上的最大斜率
)
(a) Three non-collinear 例: 棋盤上的棋子

points( 三不共線的點 )
A

B C
(b) A straight line 例 : 船的桅桿和帆

and an external point 底部的外端

( 一直線和線外一點 )

L
(c) Two Intersecting
Lines( 兩相交直線 )例 : 支撐風箏的兩條竹枝

L1

L2
(d) Two Parallel Lines
( 兩平行直線 )
例 : 火車路軌

L1

L2
(a) Two Parallel Planes
( 互相平行 ) 例 : 房間相對的兩幅牆

π1

π2
(b) Intersect at a Line
例 : 計算機的封套
( 相交於一線 )

π1

π2
(c) Planes Stack Together( 重疊在一起 )

π1 例 : 兩張相疊的紙張

π2
 V
1. In the figure, VABCD
is a square pyramid.
Find the angle between
planes VCD and ABCD. A D

B
C
 A B
2. ABCDEFGH is a cuboid, P
P is a point on D
AD ， Find the angle C
between planes PFG and E
EFGH. F
H
G
(a) A line and a plan intersect ( 相交 )
at a point in general
L

π
(b) A line and a parallel plane do not
intersect
L

π
(c) If a line is perpendicular ( 垂直 ) to any
line lie on a plane, then it is perpendicular
to the plane
L
L1
L2
L3
3. In the figure , L is ⊥ to plane
π , O is the intersecting point L
of L and π. Find out all the π
rt-angles for points A,B, C.
A
C O

B
4. In the figure,ABCDHEFG
is a cuboid. Find out all the H E

meaningful rt-angles at the

vertex A. G F

D A

C B
❧ A projection( 投影 ) of a point on a plane
is
the perpendicular
A
drawn from the point to
the plane. π

A’ is the projection of A
A’
❧ A’B’ is the projection of line segment AB
on plane π
B

A π

A’ B’
❧ In the figure the angle ∠A’AB formed by
the line segment AA’ and its projection AB
is the angle between AA’ and the plane π.
A’

A B
 E F
5. The rectangular block is
formed by planes ABCD,
ABFE , DEFC. Find the D C
angle between BE and
the plane ABCD. A B
6. ABCDEFGH is a E H
rectangular block. Find
the angle between line F
G
EB and the plane
ABCD. D
C
A B
❧ 已知兩相交平面 , 一傾斜、一為水平面。
在平面上任何垂直於交線的線便稱為最
大斜率線 (Line of greatest slope) 。
❧ 圖中 , XYAB 和 XYCD 為兩相交平面 ,
XYCD 傾斜而 XYAB 為水平面 , 則 PQ
為最大斜率線。
❧ 要留意的是 >α。
❧ 此外 , 最大斜率與水平面的交角同時也
是兩平面之間的交角。
 D Q C

B A
R

θ
α θ
X P Y
❧ In the figure, AB=BC=4 ,AQ=3 。
P S
R
Q

3
D
C
4
A
4 B
 (a) Find the value of BD
Solu : In ABD, P S
BD = AB2 +
AD2 (Pyth. Thm.) R
Q
= 42 +
42
= 32 3 D
C
4
A
4 B
(b) Find the angle between BP and plane ABCD
P S
Solu : In BDP ,
R
tan θ= PD Q
DB

θ
= 3 3
32 D θ
C
=27.90 (1d.p.) 4
A
4 B
∴
The required angle is 27.9 (Ans)
0
An inclined plane has a line BF with greatest slope 150 , A
path BE of length 100m, makes an angle of 60o with BF.

E F

100m
D
600 150 C
θ
A B
(a) Find the value of BF
E F
Solu : In BEF,
cos600 = BF 100m
BE D
θ 600 150 C
= BF
100 B
A
BF = 100 cos600

= 50m
(b) Find the value of FC
E F
Solu : In BCF ,
sin 150 = FC 100m
BF D
θ 600 150 C
= FC
50 B
A

= 12.9m (1 d.p.) (12.941)

(c) Find the distance of point E from the plane ABCD.
Solu : The required height
E F
= DE
= FC
100m
= 12.9m (1 d.p.) D
θ 600 150 C

A B
(d) Find the angle between the path and the horizontal plane.
E F
Solu: In ,
sin θ= DE
BE
100m

θ
D
= 12.941 600 150 C
100 θ
= 7.40 (1d.p.) A B

∴
The required angle is 7.40 (Ans)
此輯投影片改編自香港中大教育學院的
網上教學教材 中學數學科 ；謹此鳴謝