INPUT AND OUTPUT

DEVICES
Introduction to Computers

Introduction
Devices which are a means of communication between the computer and the outside world are called PERIPHERAL DEVICES The processors which are required to convert the input data into machine readable form and to convert the output generated by the computer into human readable form are known as INPUT/OUTPUT (I/O) interfaces.
Introduction to Computers

DEVICES

INPUT DEVICES

OUTPUT DEVICES

Keyboard

Direct Entry

Terminals

Scanning

Dedicated Data Entry Systems

Smart Cards

Voice Input

Pointing Devices

Input Devices
Those peripheral devices which supply information i.e. data and program from the outside world to the computer are called INPUT DEVICES.
Punched Cards Keyboard Mouse Light Pen Joystick Track Ball Touch Screen Digitizer Scanners Voice Recognition Systems

Introduction to Computers

INPUT DEVICES
Categories Of Input Hardware

1.
A. B.

Keyboard Input Devices

Terminal Dedicated data entry system

2.
A.

Direct Entry Devices

Scanning Devices
i. ii. Bar code space readers Optical mark readers

iii. iv.

Type written and type set scanners Magnetic ink character recognition

B. C. D.
i. ii. iii. iv.

Smart cards Voice input Devices Pointing Devices

Light Pen Mouse Track bar Touch screen digitizers

Punched Cards
Data is recorded on punched cards or tapes. It uses standard codes, like HALLERITH code. Cheap and reliable. Cannot be reused. Special care has to be taken. If a single card is misplaced then it is very difficult to rearrange and detect the problem. Require large storage space & cannot be folded.

Introduction to Computers

Keyboard
Similar to typewriter keyboard. Keys on keyboard consist up of letters, numbers, symbols and function keys. Special keys like Tab, Del, Ctrl, PgUp, PgDn,etc. Easy to use and offers number of facilities. Can edit the input data very easily. Relatively inexpensive.

Introduction to Computers

Keyboard Input Devices

It is the primary input and control device, used to enter data and issue commands.

A standard keyboard include about 100 keys.

Each key sends different signals to the CPU. Most keyboards have a certain number of features in common:
i. ii. Standard typewriter keys Function keys

iii. iv. v.

Special-purpose keys Cursor-movement keys Numeric keys

The keyboard sends the computer a special kind of message called an interrupt request.

Introduction to Computers

Keyboard: ergonomic

Keyboard: multimedia

Keyboard: Working

Screen Pointing Device

Mouse Trackball Pointing Stick (trackpoint) GlidePad/ TouchPad/ Trackpad Pen/Stylus Touchscreen Game Controller

Mouse

Mouse
A pointing device. Control and manipulate cursor movement on monitor. Has three or four buttons on it and roller ball which signals the movements on a flat surface. Move fast from one part of the screen to the other.

Introduction to Computers

Mouse

Mouse : Working

Mouse: Working

Track Ball
Also known as roller ball. Uses a hard sphere to control cursor movement. Ball can be rotated in any direction by hand. This digital signal in translated to control the cursor movement on the screen.

Introduction to Computers

Trackball

Trackball

Trackpoint

Touchpad, trackpad

Glidepad

Light Pen
A picking device. Contains a photocell placed in a small tube. Photocell detect the presence of light on the CRT (monitor). Tip of pen is moved on the surface of the screen to write or sketch data. Specially useful in Computer Aided Design (CAD) application

Introduction to Computers

Light pen

Joystick
Widely used in computer or video games. The direction and speed with which the joystick is moved is converted into digital signal and sent to the computer system. This in turn controls the movement of the cursor on the screen.

Introduction to Computers

Joystick

RumblePad :
Dual Analog Sticks Mac, PC USB

Vibration Feedback

Touch Screen
A touch panel is transparent plate. Input is registered when a finger or any other object comes in contact with the plate.

Introduction to Computers

Touchscreen

Touchscreen

Digitizer
It converts a graphical or pictorial data into digital form which can be directly entered and stored in a computer. It is also called a graphical tablet.

Introduction to Computers

Flat Bed Digitizer

The drawing to be digitized is fixed over a flat bed table and a stylus or a pen is moved over the surface of the drawing. This scans the drawing and produces the output related to X and Y coordinate.

Introduction to Computers

Image scan digitizer

The entire image is scanned and reproduced automatically. It is more powerful as compared to flat bed digitizers. It is mainly used in simple drawings, graphs etc. whereas image scan digitizers are used for photographs and pictures.

Introduction to Computers

Pen, Stylus

Scanner
It is able to directly enter text and images into the computer memory. Eliminated the duplication work of entering data . This result into increase in speed of data entry and accuracy.

Introduction to Computers

Scanner

HANDY SCANNER

FLATBED SCANNER

MEDIUM-SIZED SCANNER

Scanner

Optical Mark Reader

Capable of reading pre-specified marks made by pencils or pen with the help of light. Used where data is preprinted for application. Used for the answer papers of the objective tests where the answers are marked with pencils or preprinted forms.

Introduction to Computers

Optical Mark Reader

Introduction to Computers

Optical Character Reader

It can read alphabets, characters and numbers printed on paper. Character can either handwritten or typed. It reads each character as a collection of pixels Mainly used in processing where the data volumes are large.

Introduction to Computers

Bar Code Reader

It reads bar coded data. Laser beam scanner is used to read the bar code. Most commonly used bar code is the Universal Product Code (UPC).

Introduction to Computers

MAGNETIC INK CHARACTER RECOGNITION (MICR).

Mainly finds application in banking areas. It is used to encode the character to be read. It speed up data entry, and even roughly handled cheques can be processed relatively easily. Only a limited number of digits and character are available for encoding.

Introduction to Computers

Voice Recognition System

Uses microphone or telephone, a sound card an special software. Voice recognition system are highly operator dependent. Reduces the cost of data entry. Can move freely while talking into the computer.

Introduction to Computers

PC Video, WebCam

Digital Camera

Magnetic card

Output Devices
The output devices allow computer to communicate with the outside world by accepting data from the computer & transforming I into user readable form.
Printers Plotters Monitor Video Display Terminal Computer Output Microfilm

Introduction to Computers

Printer
It produces the output from the computer on the paper. Produces a hard copy i.e. permanent copy of the result which can be stored and read later.
Impact Printers Non-Impact Printers

Introduction to Computers

Impact Printer
Similar to typewriter. Use hammer to strike a character against an ink ribbon. Noisy in operation. Its functioning is relatively easily. It can produced multiple copy at the same time. Subject to wear and tear of mechanical parts
Introduction to Computers

Dot Matrix Printer

Print each character as a pattern of dots. Relatively low in cost. Print at speed 50-500 character per second.

Introduction to Computers

Daisy Wheel Printer

Also called as letter quality printers Letter quality of these printer is much superior as compared to the dot matrix printer They are slow and typically print in the range of 10-50 characters per second

Introduction to Computers

Line Printer
Very fast printer and print at speed of 200-2500 lines per second. It normally have 132 print positions per lines. It is normally used in application where large volumes of data are to be printed

Introduction to Computers

Ink Jet Printer

Prints character by spraying ink from tiny nozzles onto the paper. Output is of a superior quality. Possible to obtain coloured output. Number of character styles and sizes are available.

Introduction to Computers

Laser Printers
Produced a very superior quality output. Have a buffer memory to store entire pages and hence their speed is very fast. No mechanical movement is involved. Noiseless in operation. Comparatively expensive

Introduction to Computers

Plotter
A plotter is a an output device used in applications where printouts of graphs and drawings are required

Plotters are of two types

Flat Bed Plotter Drum Plotters

Introduction to Computers

Flat Bed Plotters

Introduction to Computers

Drum Plotters

Introduction to Computers

Monitors
Monitor is a device like television screen which is used to display information The resolution of monitors is the number of picture elements Monitors are of two types
Cathode Ray Tube Monitor (CRT) Flat Panel Display

Introduction to Computers

Cathode Ray Tube Monitor

Introduction to Computers

Flat Panel Display

Introduction to Computers

Video Display Terminal

The most popular output device in direct access processing is the Video Display Terminal The Monitor & Keyboard together are called a Terminal 3 types of terminals
Dumb Smart Intelligent

Introduction to Computers

Computer Microfilm Output (COM)

This technology is used to record computer output as a microscopic film images. Information is recorded on a roll of film. COM devices are used applications where there are large volumes of data. They are much more faster than normal printers Sophisticated & Expensive

Introduction to Computers

Enjoy Frnzz!

Thank You!!
Introduction to Computers