Balancing Training

Part 1

Typical Steps of field Balancing

Illustration with model 907
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An Overview of the Steps

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Collecting Machine data

Preparing Instrument & Sensor

Balancing really required ?

Balancing possible ?

Procedure of balancing
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Step 1 - Collecting Machine data

Understand the machine to be balanced as much as possible Collect machine data Take a photo of the machine

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Sample: Machine to be balanced

Impeller Parameter: Diameter: 1400mm Thickness: 500mm
Bearing1 Bearing2

Blade Number: 12
Material:Fiberglass-Reinforced Plastics RPM: 1825 r/min

Impeller

Bearing Model: ?
Motor Parameter: Power: 75kW RPM: 1500 r/min

Motor

Others:
Belt transmission Spring base Manufacture: LG

Step 2 - Preparing Instrument & Sensors

Sendig-904/907 dual-channel data collector/analyser/balancer A notebook computer Sendig-MCM3 Analysis Software

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Sensors & Cable connecting

Attach reflecting paper on shaft

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Step 3 - Balancing really required ?

Use 904/907 to measure overall vibration values Compare with ISO Standard

2) Use Collector to measure vibration

1) Switch to Analyzer

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Horizontal VELOCITY is the critical parameter

6: Point: Motor-1-Side-2-X Alarm-mode: Displacement Freq-Range: 500Hz Sensor:4.6 New Data Old Data ACC xxx / xxx m/s2 VEL 7.2 / 2.1 mm/s DISP 68 / 12 m ENV xx / xx m/s2

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Comparison with ISO2372

Sample

Overall Value Measurement

Acc.
Peak ms-2

Vel.
RMS mm/s

Disp.
P_P um

Envelope
RMS ms-2

Hor. 88.81 Ver. 55.89

9.95 5.554

101.5 38.77

5.268 7.362

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Sample
Not Permissible, Balancing really required

Measurement

9.95 mm/s

Step 4-1: Balancing possible? single peak spectrum ?

Use 904/907 to measure vibration spectrum Only single peak spectrum can go for balancing

2) Use Collector to measure vibration 3) Use C-Spect to see velocity spectrum

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1) Switch to Analyzer

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Sample of non-single peak spectrum- not suitable for Balancing

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Sample of non-single peak spectrum- Better change bearing before balancing

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Sample of single peak spectrum You can reduce the vibration by Balancing

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Step 4-2: Balancing possible ? 90o phase difference ?

Use 904/907 to measure vibration phase difference between vertical and horizontal directions Only 90o phase difference can go for balancing

3) See if 90o phase difference exist?

1) switch to balancer and use 2-planes balancing procedure

2) Page down to Initial Measurement to measure vibration phase at X & Y

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Sample

Sample of non-90o phase difference You cannot reduce the vibration by Balancing

Phase Measurement:
Velocity Amplitude Phase

Vertical:
Horizontal:

9.416
3.08

320
116
Phase difference not 90o

Since phase difference is not 90o nor closer to 90o ,this means the problem with the fan is something else other than unbalance.
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Sample

Sample of nearly 90o phase difference You can reduce the vibration by Balancing

1. Phase stable
2. Phase Measurement:

Velocity
Vertical:

Amplitude
0.693

Phase
73

Horizontal:
?
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1.569

150

Phase difference is 77o

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Balancing Training

Part 2

Procedure of balancing

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Different Kinds Of Imbalance

1-plane imbalance 2-plane imbalance

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Characteristics Of Imbalance
1. The vibration frequency is mainly composed of RPM frequency. For each round the rotor turns, a

vibration is occurred.
2. The wave is an approximate sine wave. 3. There is a difference of 90o between the vertical

vibration phase and the horizontal one.

4. With RPM increasing, the vibration amplitude is increased
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Basic Principle Of 1 Plane Balancing

1 select a plane to fix trial mass and a point to measure, draw scale of phase and sign of 0o phase

2 measure initial vibration A0(phase and amplitude)

3 fix a trial mass Q on the plane, measure vibration A1

4 calculate influence coefficients: A A0 phase RPM amplitude 1 Q P A0 5 calculate balancing mass P:

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Illustration of 1 Plane Balancing

draw A0 & A1, calculate A1- A0 measure the angle between A1- A0 and A0

K P

turn Q a along the direction of , gain the correct location of balancing mass.
the weight of balancing mass is as the following : A
PQ
0

A1- A0 A1 A0 o
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A1 A0
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Method of Influence Coefficients

Method of influence coefficients is widely used, its step as the following (1 plane balancing as example):
1 measure initial vibration 2 fix a trial mass

3 measure the vibration with the trial mass

4 calculate the result of balancing mass
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IF THE INFLUENCE COEFFICIENTS ARE KNOWN, THE STEP OF FIXING TRIAL MASS ARE IGNORED

The former steps are simplified as the following:

1) measure initial measurement 2) input influence coefficients 3) calculate the result of balancing mass

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NOTICES DURING THE OPERATION

Confirm the dynamic balancing are needed according to spectrum and phase analysis. Direction of phase: reverse to the direction of rotation
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phase
Reflecting slice

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SELECTING PARAMETERS

Measure displacement or velocity for middle or low speed machines Measure velocity or acceleration for high speed machines

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CONFIRM whether the trial is suitable

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The radius of loading trial mass is as same as loading the amended mass
The turning speed is steady
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1-PLANE BALANCING
Tacho sensor

Without influence coefficients

A
Accelerometer

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907

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Operation Basic

Prompt is displayed at the last line Press and key to move the cursor up and down Press Enter to select iterm

Press number keys to input digits

To other MENU, press PgDn or PgUp
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Always make sure the Setting is correct before the balancing

Enter a digit, select 1 set of data from 10 Enter a digit, select plan number

Change by ENTER, use displacement or velocity for most machines Input sensitivity (from accelerometer certificate)

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INITIAL MEASUREMENT

Press Enter to measure rotation speed first Press Enter for a moment to measure vibration after rotation speed become steady After phase and amplitude become steady, press Enter for a moment to end the measurement
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TRIAL ESTIMATION

Input the 4 parameters When cursor on 6th line, press Enter to calculate trial range Stop the machine, fix a trial mass according to the range
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TRIAL MEASUREMENT

Input phase and weight of the trial, confirm whether it will be removed afterward, restart the machine Move cursor to 6th line, press Enter to measure rotation speed When RPM steady, press Enter a moment to measure vibration When amplitude and phase steady, press Enter for a moment to end the measurement
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TRIAL RESULT

See what the 6th line shows If YES displayed, press Pg Dn to go on If NO displayed, stop the machine, adjust trial mass, return to the early page of TRAIL MEASUREMENT, measure again
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CALCULATION

Cursor on 2nd line, press ENTER to calculate influence coefficients The result is shown in 4th line
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Cursor on 2nd line, press Enter to calculate balancing mass The result is shown in 3rd line
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Decomposing/Splitting

Input the 2 angles Display the results If nothing displayed at right side, change the order of the 2 angles and re-enter

Pa2

Pa Pa1
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VERIFICATION

Cursor on 2nd line, press Enter to measure rotation speed When RPM steady, press Enter a moment to measure vibration When amplitude and phase steady, press Enter for a moment to end the measurement The last 2 lines displays the results
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1-PLANE BALANCING
With influence coefficients, you do not need to add trial mass. You need only measure the initial vibration
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SETTING PARAMETERS
Set Yes for the question of Have influence Coefficient?

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INITIAL MEASUREMENT

Press Enter to measure rotation speed Press Enter for a moment to measure vibration after rotation speed become steady When phase and amplitude become steady, press Enter for a moment to end the measurement
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INPUT COEFFICIENTS

Move the cursor to the 4th line, input amplitude and angle of coefficient Press Pg Dn to the next page

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Calculation, Decomposition & verification

calculate balancing mass

Decomposition and verification

are the same as

illustrated earlier

Pa2

Pa
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Pa1

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2-PLANES BALANCING
Without influence coefficients The main difference than 1-plane:
1.

Need to add trial mass one after another at the 1st plane and 2nd plane Need to use 2 vibration sensors
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2.

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Sensors & Cable connecting

Attach reflecting paper on shaft

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SETTING PARAMETERS

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INITIAL MEASUREMENT & TRIAL ESTIMATION

Get 2 lines of reading here

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TRIAL I MEASUREMENT

Input phase and weight of the trial on plane 1, decide if it will be removed, restart the machine

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TRIAL II MEASUREMENT

Input phase and weight of the trial on plane 2, decide if it will be removed, restart the machine

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Calculation, Decomposition & Verification

calculate balancing mass

Decomposition
and verification are the same as illustrated earlier
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Pa2 Pb2

Pa

Pb

Pb1 50

2-PLANES BALANCING
influence coefficients

With

With influence coefficients, you do not need to add trial mass. You need only measure the initial vibration.

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