• HACKING :

– REVEALING THE HIDDEN SECRETS

Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan

 Hacking and Hackers
an introduction

Definition (If there is a proper definition at all)

Though we often associate Hacking with criminal
activities. Hacking does not always mean breaking into
computers.
There are different definitions:
A person who practice hacking is called a hacker.
Hacking can be just to find out how it works without
criminal intent.
Hacking can be simply to crack a code
A hacker can be breaking into a computer that's yours,
Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan
often not wanted, and now prohibited by law.
• Originally Hacking had nothing to do with
breaking into one another's computers. It was
primarily tinkering away with hardware to make
things work. And this strain of hackers are still
out there in multitude!
• Hacking can also be done to perform reverse
engineering of software whereof the source
code is lost. Mostly done with legacy or so
called "Ben Hur" (old) systems
• Hacking also can be cracking a code (Enigma
code during WWII, modern spies deciphering
secret messages, or just for the fun of the
intellectual challenge!)
Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan
• But, for the general public at least, in the last few
decades tinkering away with hardware became
equivalent to: gain unauthorized access to a
computer. This is how the press and official and may
be not so official bodies wants us to believe.
• ...Or cracking the security coding of satellite TV or
copy protection of data media like dongles, CD's,
floppies, DVD's etc. This is often called cracking and
the person doing that is mostly called a cracker.
Mostly activities in that aspect are illegal.
• Any more definitions, oh yes. Hacking or Cracking is
merely a human trait that is triggered and inherent
to our being: our unbridled curiosity. Hide something
and you're bound to find someone that wants to find
out. Make some complicated machinery or other
gadget and someone will find a way to reverse
engineer it. Nothing malicious too that. But it is the
use you make of your gained knowledge that makes it
sometimes illegal.
Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan
• The players:

• Government and their enforcement, hackers, companies, security

organizations, highly skilled (software) engineers
•  
• As authorities and contra's see it

• Disrupting telecommunications by entering computerized telephone

switches and changing the routing on the circuits of the
computerized switches.
• Stealing proprietary computer source code and information from
companies and individuals that owned the code and information.
• Stealing and modifying credit information on individuals maintained
in credit bureau computers.
• Fraudulently obtaining money and property from companies by
altering the computerized information used by the companies.
• Disseminating information with respect to their methods of
attacking computers to other computer hackers in an effort to
avoid the focus of law enforcement agencies and
telecommunication security experts

Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan

• Now, there are always two sides of the story

• As hackers see it

• Safe a company by reverse engineering their software of which the code is lost
• See if you can get it to work, or find out how it works out of pure curiosity or to improve the
product

• The belief that information-sharing is a powerful positive good, and that it is an ethical duty of
hackers to share their expertise by writing free software and facilitating access to information
and to computing resources wherever possible.
• motto: 'Freedom of Information contra security by obscurity
• Disseminating information to other computer hackers in an effort to make the system safer and
put focus of law enforcement agencies and telecommunication security experts to the systems
flaws

• The belief that system-cracking for fun and exploration is ethically OK as long as the cracker
commits no theft, vandalism, or breach of confidentiality.
• Using telecommunications for free by entering computerized telephone switches and changing the
routing on the circuits of the computerized switches.

• Studying computer source code and information from companies and individuals that are having
security leaks in their systems and software.

• Redistributing money and credit information maintained in credit bureau computers.

• Obtaining money and property from companies by altering the computerized information used by
the companies.

Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan

• Both of these opinions are widely accepted , but by no
means universally, among all parties involved. Most
hackers subscribe to the hacker ethic, and many act on
it by writing and giving away free software. A few go
further and assert that *all* information should be
free and *any* proprietary control of it is bad. By the
way in some respects this philosophy is also part of the
philosophy behind the GNU project.
• Here is another view:
• Crackers (hackers), whom are mostly depicted as
criminals by official bodies, have less problems with
ethical considerations. They often operate on the edge
of the law or beyond. In their view the law is but a
contemporary set of unwieldy rules not intended for
hackers or crackers and reflected upon as a nuisance
for the free creative mind.

Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan

• More controversial:
• Some people consider the act of cracking
itself to be unethical, like breaking and
entering. But the belief that 'ethical'
cracking excludes destruction at least
moderates the behavior of people who
see themselves as 'benign' crackers. On
this view, it may be one of the highest
forms of hackerly courtesy to:

Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan

 – Break into a system,
– and then explain to the sysop, preferably by e-
mail from a superuser account, exactly how it was
done and how the hole can be plugged -- acting as
an unpaid (and unsolicited) "tiger" team.
• The most reliable manifestation of either
version of the hacker ethic is that almost all
hackers are actively willing to share
technical tricks, knowledge, software, and
(where possible) computing resources with
other hackers. And to remind you: huge
cooperative networks such as Usenet,
FidoNet and Internet can function without
central control because of this trait. They
both rely on and reinforce a sense of
community that may be hackerdom's most
valuable asset.
Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan
• Hacking a computer system
• A few requisites Surprisingly enough there is
no distinct profile of a hacker. He or she
comes from all creeds and breeds, old or
young. Some see it as a sport: 'the tinkerers'.
Others just want to get to the goodies, some
are spies, some are just out to destroy the
system, some are even anarchists, and some
are pacifists trying to save the world and not
to forget some are professionals unveiling the
weaknesses of a particular system. They are
rich, poor, wealthy, upper or lower class, blue
color or white color, smart or just lucky. Hark!
Computing does not make a difference.
But, when they are pursuing it, they all WILL
find a way to gain access into company,
government or other computer systems.
Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan
• Since not all humans are evenly smart and
intelligent there are various types of hackers
and methods to gain access to computers.
• What would you need and need to know whilst
to be or becoming a hacker that wants to hack a
computer
• You need to create your own special password
crack program, dial in simulators, firewall
penetrators, worm "alike" assault mechanisms,
listeners, decoding or decrypting engines,
• Need good practical knowledge of C, machine
language and at least some Awk or Sed, VI when
going for the big irons,
Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan
• Know how to handle Artificial Intelligence,
• How knowbots and search agents work and be able to
create one,
• Need a good knowledge on TCP/IP mechanisms and
other stuff comprising network protocols,
• How to get into PBX or other phone switch components,
• Would need to gain knowledge about the
computersystem that wants to be hacked,
• Good to excellent knowledge about the operating
system you are likely to encounter,
• Have knowledge about network layouts and system
architecture of the system to be hacked,
• Need to understand the security measures in various
breeds of security levels,
• How to make use of backdoors,

Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan

• Have a good grasp of likely and possible
flaws or leaks in firewalls, routers and
access server software,
• Must know how to cover their traces (e.g.
by masking their presence on the net or
computer's logfiles),
• Be VERY VERY secretive and know when
to go for cover,
• Time must be abundant,
• the list goes on and on...

Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan

• Now you should understand why companies
want to hire a caught hacker: he or she
knows it all!
• Also you will understand that to be or
become a fairly successful computer
hacker you have to be a knowledgeable,
intelligent and persistent entity. When you
never want to be caught you have to be
crazy and genius at the same time. And
you will never read this page on hacking.

Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan

• -o0o-
•  
• But to get there means doing it. And how
to achieve a hack depends on the
complexity of the system, the level of
security, the intelligence of the hacker
and above all its persistence. And a
combination of all of the above.
• Generalizing there are three large
contingents of hackers.
• The hardworking, knowledgeable and
intelligent one
Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan
• These persons are the most secretive and intelligent
persons and hacking is not a hobby but a convocation
• They design their own software, borrowing means to
give away your identity
• Build sometimes there own hardware that switch
between PBX's with difficult to trace marks
• Know their way around in networks and play with it as if
it are toys
• Are mostly not a member of any group
• They know very well how to hide what they have done
• Are never heard of or they get arrested and convicted
under false pretense as to cover the real reason, but
would be waited for at the prisons gate by
representatives of the same company they hacked
• Or just rot away in a prison or psychiatric institution
and only come out when old and useless or crazy as a
door
• Have a bit of luck not being caught
Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan
• The hardworking persisting one
• These types use a mixture of tools, either made by
group members or designed by themselves
• There is fair knowledge about operating systems and
computing networks
• Most of the time this type of hacker is member of a
hacker's group or so you want organization
• Some are working with temporary loose clusters of
individuals acting together for a hack
• There are inner circle 'manuals'
• Use information via the Internet of other channels,
not much pure individual work is done
• Have a lot of luck not being caught

Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan

• The easy ones
• Use somebody else's dictionary or programs to
generate passwords
• Use a list of often used usernames (e.g. admin)
• Have a list of easy to hack systems
• Have a hacker's "cookbook" to gain access (tips
and tricks)
• Don't bother about leaving traces
• Be member of a hacker's ring and exchange
information freely
• Have all the world's luck of not being caught

Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan

• Actually to make a hack the need for
hardware or software is modest. All you
need is a connection to the Internet, or
have a modem of various types
(synchronous, asynchronous) or a
connection via cable or an existing
network. Plenty of time and some
intelligence and luck. And to no much
surprise you will be in business before
you know it.
• This all sounds very optimistic, but be
aware that:
Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan
• IT IS WAR OUT THERE !
• As soon as you enter the arena the cyber-
war is going to be between the guardians
and you. So don't tell us you weren't
warned! There are only a very few success
stories. And of course economic interest
grow larger by the day, companies will try
to protect their products more and more
aggressive, especially the music industry.
•  
•  
• -o0o-
Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan
• The latter years of the 1990's various government bodies
established what has become known as cyber cops.

• The FBI, KGB, CIA, MI5, Interpol, United Nations, various secret
services of all governments, anarchistic movements, terrorists
fractions, police organizations all have their special cyber forces.
Most governments are overreacting in their law making attempts to
secure the networks and attached computers. Mainly because of
'what you don't know you fight'. But also: what might be expected
of a politician that heard the term hacking for the first time when
attending a meeting on that subject to pass a law. Just imagine, by
the time the law is passed the technology has again leaped forward
to make the law redundant by the time it gets approved. Or what
becomes more and more the reality producers of audio visual
products try to clamp down on relatively innocent attempts to
circumvent copy protection schemes, some are not so innocent
agreed. But again the industry is overreacting as was the case in the
late 1980's. Millions of dollars were spent in protecting software
but by the time the software reached the market hackers broke the
code. The difference now is that the industry is trying to stamp
down on the creators of anti copy protection software like dropping
an atomic bomb on an anthill.

Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan

• But protection schemes and the technology
behind it becomes much more complicated
every day. It is therefore no wonder that
corporations and other agencies turn to
specialized persons or businesses that
specialize in that type of security. From the
end of the 20th century that industry is
booming: cyber security. There is little to tell
about these companies of organizations. For
obvious reasons: there is little known. History
has just begun.
•  
• -o0o-
Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan
• Hackers Chronology(3)
• 1878
• Less than two years after Alexander's Graham Bell's telephone
system went into operation a group of unauthorized teenagers were
thrown off the network.
•  
• 1960
• Early mainframes at MIT were used by 'original' hackers to
develop skills and explore the potential of computing. 'Hacker' was,
at that time a complimentary term for users with exceptional
knowledge of computing
•  
• 1971
•
• picture: John Draper
•  
• Before the widespread use of computers and the Internet,
'phreakers' used the more prevalent playground of telephone
networks. John Draper, a.k.a. Cap'n Crunch, finds a toy-whistle
allows callers to circumvent billing systems for long distance calls

Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan

• 1976
• 'Freedom of Information contra security by
obscurity‘
•
•
• Two homebrew computer club members
Steve jobs and Steve Wozniak launch so
called blue boxes which can be used to hack
into phone systems.
•  
• 1983
• First arrest of hackers as FBI clamps down
on 414 group after it hacked in to the Los
Alamo research center
Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan
•
• The movie war games is released, shaping public
perception of hackers and glamorizing the hacker
• Plovernet BBS (Bulletin Board System) was a powerful
East Coast pirate board that operated in both New
York and Florida.
• Owned and operated by teenage hacker 'Quasi Moto',
Plovernet attracted five hundred eager users. The
actual Legion of Doom bulletin board was quite ahead of
its time. It was one of the first "Invitation-only"
hacking based BBSes; it was the first BBS with security
that caused the system to remain idle until a primary
password was entered; and it was the first hacking BBS
to deal with many subjects in close detail, such as
trashing and social engineering. This BBS was so heavily
trafficked, that a major long distance company began
blocking all calls to its number (516-935-2481).(7) Eric
Corley ('Emmanuel Goldstein') was one-time co-sysop of
Plovernet, along with 'Lex Luthor', who will found the
phreaker/hacker group, Legion of Doom.(6)
•   Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan
• 1984
• Quarterly publication 2600 (named after the
frequency of John Draper's whistle) is founded,
providing a platform for hackers and phreakers
(phone hackers)

• Two hacker groups form this year:

• The Legion of Doom in the United States
founded by the hacker .a.k.a. Lex Luthor to
educate new generations of hackers.
• And the Chaos Computer Club
Avin@sh Singh in Germany.
Ch@uhan
• In one of the first arrests of hackers, the FBI
busts the Milwaukee-based 414s (named after
the local area code) after members are accused
of 60 computer break-ins ranging from
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center to Los
Alamos National Laboratory.
• Comprehensive Crime Control Act gives Secret
Service jurisdiction over credit card and
computer fraud.

• 1986
• January; Legion of Doom/H member Loyd
Blankenship ('The Mentor') is arrested. He
publishes a now-famous treatise that comes to
be known as the Hacker's Manifesto.
Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan
(6)
• The following was written shortly after my
arrest... \/\The Conscience of a Hacker/\/
by
+++The Mentor+++
• Written on January 8, 1986
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
=-=-=-=-=-=
• Another one got caught today, it's all over the
papers. "Teenager Arrested in Computer Crime
Scandal", "Hacker Arrested after Bank
Tampering"...
• Damn kids. They're all alike.
• But did you, in your three-piece psychology and
1950's technobrain, ever take a look behind the
eyes of the hacker? Did you ever wonder what
made him tick, what forces shaped him, what
may have molded him?Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan
• I am a hacker, enter my world...
• Mine is a world that begins with school... I'm smarter
than most of the other kids, this crap they teach us
bores me...
• Damn underachiever. They're all alike.
• I'm in junior high or high school. I've listened to
teachers explain for the fifteenth time how to reduce a
fraction. I understand it. "No, Ms. Smith, I didn't show
my work. I did it in my head..."
• Damn kid. Probably copied it. They're all alike.
• I made a discovery today. I found a computer. Wait a
second, this is cool. It does what I want it to. If it
makes a mistake, it's because I screwed it up. Not
because it doesn't like me...
Or feels threatened by me...
Or thinks I'm a smart ass...
Or doesn't like teaching and shouldn't be here...
Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan
• Damn kid. All he does is play games. They're all alike.
• And then it happened... a door opened to a world...
rushing through the phone line like heroin through an
addict's veins, an electronic pulse is sent out, a refuge
from the day-to-day incompetencies is sought... a board
is found. "This is it... this is where I belong..."
• I know everyone here... even if I've never met them,
never talked to them, may never hear from them again...
I know you all...
• Damn kid. Tying up the phone line again. They're all
alike...
• You bet your ass we're all alike... we've been spoon-fed
baby food at school when we hungered for steak... the
bits of meat that you did let slip through were pre-
chewed and tasteless. We've been dominated by sadists,
or ignored by the apathetic. The few that had
something to teach found us willing pupils, but those few
are like drops of water in the desert.

Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan

• This is our world now... the world of the electron and
the switch, the beauty of the baud. We make use of a
service already existing without paying for what could
be dirt-cheap if it wasn't run by profiteering gluttons,
and you call us criminals.
We explore... and you call us criminals.
We seek after knowledge... and you call us criminals.
We exist without skin color, without nationality, without
religious bias... and you call us criminals.
You build atomic bombs, you wage wars, you murder,
cheat, and lie to us and try to make us believe it's for
our own good, yet we're the criminals.
• Yes, I am a criminal. My crime is that of curiosity. My
crime is that of judging people by what they say and
think, not what they look like. My crime is that of
outsmarting you, something that you will never forgive
me for.
Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan
• I am a hacker, and this is my manifesto.
You may stop this individual, but you can't
stop us all... after all, we're all alike.
• +++The Mentor+++
• source:
http://www.phrack.org/show.php?p=7&a=3
Phrack Inc. Volume One, Issue 7, Phile 3
of 10

Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan

• 1987
• Seventeen year old Herbert Zinn is
arrested in September after hacking
AT&T's system for months. Experts
say he was close to crashing the
entire US phone network.(9)
• First known MS-DOS virus 'Brain' is
created. Investigators believe it is
written by two brothers in Pakistan.
It infected the boot sector of floppy
disks
Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan
• 1988
• (3)

• Robart Morris crashes some 6000

computers across the ARPANET with his
worm which he claimed is accidentally
released.
• CERT (Computer Emergency Response
Team) is founded in response.
• First anti virus software released by a
code writer in Indonesia
Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan
• 1989
• First known case of cyber espionage in Germany (west) allegedly
the CHAOS computer club is involved.
• Mentor releases the hacker manifesto Conscience of a hacker,
which ends with the intriguing line: "You may stop the individual, but
you can't stop us all."
•  
• 1990
• Freedom on the Internet advocacy group Electronic Frontier is
launched
• Sophisticated virus types such as polymorphic viruses ( which
modifies themselves when they spread) and multipartite viruses
(infecting multiple locations in the machine) appear.
• First National Citybank of Chicago is relieved of 70 million US$ in
the first acknowledged major computer bank hack.
• Hacker Dark Dante, Kevin Lee Poulsen, is arrested after a 17-
month search. He got hold of military secrets.
• Mitnick and Shimomura lock horns
•  

Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan

• 1993
• The first Def Con hacking conference takes place in Las
Vegas. The event was supposed to be a one-off-knees-up
to bid good-bye to BBS's (outdated by the web), but was
so popular it became an annual event.
• Hackers hit US federal web sites, including the CIA,
Department of Justice, NASA and the Air Force. This
isn't popular with US officials. ;=)
•  
• 1994
•  
• (3)
Vladimir Levin
• Vladimir Levin, the legendary head of a Russian hacking
ring, is believed to have masterminded a $10 million virtual
holdup of Citybank. He is arrested in London a year later
and extradited to the USA.

Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan

• 1995
• US defense department suffers a
quarter of a million hacks in one year.

•
Kevin Mitnick
• Mitnick is arrested on suspicion of
stealing 20,000 credit card numbers. He
pleads guilty a year later.
Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan
• The movie Hackers hits cinema screens, sparking more
misconceptions about hackers' activities.

•  
• 1998
• Network Associates runs an anti-hacker advert during the
Superbowl in the US. In it, two Soviet missile technicians blow up
the world, unsure whether the orders came from Moscow or
hackers.
• Hackers claim to have cracked a military satellite system and
threaten to sell secrets to terrorists
• NIPC (National Infrastructure Protection Center) launched with
multi million dollar funding.
• Hacking group LOpht tell congress it could shut down the Internet
in half an hour and calls for greater security.
•  

Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan

• 1999
• Massive year for Microsoft patches as
hackers exploit Windows 1998
vulnerabilities. Birth of mainstream anti-
hacking software.
•  
• 2000
• Denial of Service attacks cripple the
net's biggest names.

Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan

• Jon Johansen (Norway) co-authored with two other programmers
who remained anonymous, a program called DeCSS and published it
on the Internet.

• The program decrypted DVD's so that DVD's could be run on a

computer too. On Jan 23 he got arrested on the charge of hacking
on to other's computers: by creating a program that enables
people to watch (legally bought) DVD's on their own computers in
stead of a stand alone DVD player. This time the case was not won
by the Motion Picture Association because the E.U. law they were
banking on was not yet implemented(8). A few years later in 2005
Jon Johanson will be acquitted by the justice department because
European law explicitly allows reverse engineering when needed
for interoperatibility.

Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan

• 2001
• XP - 'the safest windows yet' - is cracked before launch
• Benni Baermann posts his "eight thesis on liberation" on 27th of
December. A statement that can be interpreted as opposition
against commercial software and pro sharing of knowledge. All in
the thru hackers philosophy.
•  
• 2002
• Microsoft Bill Gates launches Trustworthy computing. It soon
appeared the the security leaks were as numerous as in all other
Microsoft software.
• ISP CloudNine was literally hacked to death because of massive
DOS attacks. The company could no longer serve its customers
and closed down its network. Customers are transferred to other
ISP'S and the company goes broke.

•  
•  
• -o0o-

Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan

• Hacker movements
• (Publicly known)
•  
• Chaos Computer Club 1989 The CCC (Chaos
computer club) from Hamburg began around
1989 as a loose organization of hackers with
modems.
• They proved how good they were so people
would be interested. They took over app.
75,000 US$ from the Hamburg's national
savings bank but then they gave it all back
the next day.
The Chaos Computer Club is also associated
with cracking computer systems on
assignment for the Russians.
Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan
• Cult of the Dead Cow 1984
• Quoting from their website:
• Based in Lubbock, Texas, the CULT OF THE DEAD COW (cDc) is the most-
accomplished and longest-running group in the computer underground. Founded in
1984 and widely considered to be the most elite people to ever walk the face of the
earth, this think tank has been referred to as both "a bunch of sickos" (Geraldo
Rivera) and "the sexiest group of computer hackers there ever was" (Jane Pratt,
_Sassy_ and _Jane_ magazines). The cDc is a leading developer of Internet privacy
and security tools, which are all free to the public. In addition, the cDc created the
first electronic publication, which is still going strong.
• Legion of Doom
• The Legion of Doom (LOD) was an influential hacker group from the 1980s and
1990s.
• It released the LOD Technical Journals. The Legion of Doom was founded by the
hacker Lex Luthor to educate new generations of hackers on the Internet. The
Legion of Doom split into two factions after Phiber Optik (a new member of LOD)
was thrown out because of a feud with Erik Bloodaxe. Phiber Optik joined another
group, the Masters of Deception as did some other former LOD members who
opposed Erik Bloodaxe. The division of these two rival hacker factions led to the
Great Hacker War, where both groups competed for prestige in the hacker
community by gaining access to computer and telephone networks. The Legion of
Doom disbanded in the early 1990s after Operation Sundevil and Operation Redux
began the era of US Secret Service crackdowns on hacker groups.(5)
• The group's wide ranging activities included diversion of telephone networks,
copying proprietary information from companies and distributing hacking tutorials.
• The group of individuals who made up the original Legion of Doom were: Lex Luthor,
Karl Marx, Mark Tabas, Agrajag the Prolonged, King Blotto, Blue Archer, EBA, The
Dragyn, Unknown Soldier (6)(7)
Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan
• L0pht
• New Hack City
• Restricted Data Transmissions (RDT)
• Soylent Communications
• the Hasty Pastry
• the Masters of Deception (MOD)
• the USENIX Association
• the Walnut Factory
• The editors are convinced that there are a
lot more active groups and would like to hear
about them!
•  
• -o0o-
Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan
• Books on Hacking, hackers and hacker's ethic:
• an annotated bibliography
• The page mentioned here only give the most
publicized books. There are many other books
to read about Hacking, encryption,
cryptography, programming, system topologies
etc. There are also quite a few movies to
watch on the subject(1) which are clearly
overly romanticized.
•  
•
Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan
 THIS IS HOW YOU CAN BEGIN PRACTISING
HACKING ! BUT DON’T FORGET BE CAREFUL !

SO ENJOY IT GOOD BYE !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Avin@sh Singh Ch@uhan