WIRELESS DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR LADAKH

By Kacho Isfindiyar Khan (178/08) IT Abdul Raza (216/08) CS

PROJECT GUIDE: Mr. Shabir A. Sofi

OVER VIEW
The term Disaster management can be described as The range of activities designed to maintain control over disaster and emergency situations and to provide a framework for helping at-risk persons to avoid or recover from the impact of the disaster.[1] In the last few years, the occurrences of natural disasters have been continuing changing our lives, damaging property and life styles in many different ways. TYPES OF NATURAL DISASTER Earthquake Landslide Floods Cloudburst etc. However, if we are adequately prepared, its possible to severely reduce the impact of a disaster.

MOTIVATION
To minimize the effect of natural disaster before or after the disaster occur. As we know we cannot avoid the natural disaster but we can reduce its effects Disaster management is defined as encompassing mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery efforts undertaken to reduce the impact of disasters, [2] Immediately after the occurrence of a disaster, the first responders go to the affected region to rescue people and solve eventual problems. These areas offer many dangers to the rescue team. Furthermore, the communication network infrastructure has usually been destroyed. For these reasons, it is important to create a structure to sense environmental data to detect hazards. This structure needs to be independent, easy deployed and adapted to different situations

Why only for ladakh.

Because geographic location differ between many regions. Climatic conditions are different. Vulnerabilities for disaster may differ. Disaster occurring may differ. We are surveying the geography , climatic conditions, vulnerabilities , disasters , and soils of ladakh region, so that we can make a good wireless disaster management system for that particular region .

Disaster relief operations

Pre-disaster detection via sensor network in the vulnerable area. To make a system that collect date related to the event . Analyze the data through decision making algorithm and that can alert the people. Post-disaster mechanism. Drop sensor nodes from an aircraft over a disaster effected area These node form a network , and each node collect data from specified region. Via network data flow to the base station. Each node measures temperature, pressure, humidity, motion of object(eg; rock/soil slide) Derive a temperature map humidity chart pressure flow motion graph etc.

We use Wireless Sensor Network for Disaster management.

A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a main location

Several studies in literature model wireless sensor networks (WSN) as distributed databases. Those studies describe energy-efficient-ways to answer queries, [3].
Wireless Sensor Networks is One of MIT's 10 emerging technologies New applications: sensing, controls, automation

Design Goals
Use of software & standard interfaces where applicable

Apache web-server (HTTP)

MySQL database PHP web programming language Simple, web-based user interface Battery-powered, wireless sensor nodes: 'motes' Low-power consumption = Long battery life Motes create self-organizing ('ad-hoc') networks for robust communications

Figure 1: Possible deployment of ac-hoc wireless embedded network . Sensors detect temperature, light levels and soil moisture at hundreds of points across a field and communicate their data over a multi-hop network for analysis.

Block Diagram
fig:2

Subsystem Sensor Network

fig:3

Figure 4: DOT Wireless sensor network device designed to be the approximate size of a quarter. Future devices will continue to be smaller, cheaper and longer lasting.

Figure 5. The Motes 1 through 13 are the children motes (all the ones in light grey), Mote 14 the parent(in purple). The Computer (in red) can be any type of computer such as PDA, laptop, etc.

MOTE
Figure 6. This figure illustrates the construction of a first generation mote, usually known as a Mica-mote.

Factors influencing sensor network design

Fault tolerance; Scalability; Production costs; Operating environment; Sensor network topology; Hardware constraints; Transmission media; And Power consumption. These factors are addressed by many researchers as surveyed. These factors are important because they serve as a guideline to design a protocol or an algorithm for sensor networks.

Innovative design methodology for wireless sensor networks[4]

! Totally decentralized architecture ! New techniques for the diffusion of information through the network ! The entire network achieves a global consensus about a common observed phenomenon, through local coupling of nearby nodes ! Greatly simplified protocol ! High accuracy and reliability through proper coupling among adjacent sensors ! Scalable, fault tolerant network ! Ability to perform different tasks, e.g. parameter estimation, event detection, source localization, by simply changing the values of a few system parameters ! Sensor Node prototype ! System level simulators ! Flashfloods ! Landslides

Technology that are in use.

Smart phone :the disaster management system was implemented as a smart phone application using Googles Android operating system. (wireless mobile technology in the Philippines) SMS alerts mobile disaster management system. SMS broadcast to every one in a particular region where disaster can occur. Alarming system. Using ordinary sensors Satellite images

Limitation of currently using technologies regarding the accurate data and cost.
If communication system destroyed due to disaster. No use of mobile cell phone.

REFERENCE
[1] The Disaster Management Center of The University of Wisconsin) [2] R. R. Rao, J. Eisenberg, and T. Schmitt, National Academies Press, . [3]K. Park, B. Lee, Washington, DC, USA: IEEE Computer Society. [4]WINSOC(http://www.winsoc.com/) [5]Ann Holms and Ethan Culler-Mayeno; University of California Santa Barbara. [6]Perkins, C., Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing. MILCOM. [7]Berkeley, University of California, 800 node self-organized wireless sensor network. [8]David Cullers Home Page. Cs.berkeley.edu.(from http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~culler/) [9]http://www.wikipedia.com/