HEART SOUNDS

first heart sound (lub) produced by the simultaneous closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves second heart sound (dup) produced by the simultaneous closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves

Valvular Heart Disease

Disorders involving the valves of the heart disturb the pumping efficiency of the heart. Valvular heart disease produces either stenosis (narrowing) or insufficiency.

Mitral stenosis
valvular heart disease characterized by the narrowing of the orifice of the mitral valve of the heart. mid-diastolic rumbling murmur

Mitral Valve Insufficiency (Mitral Valve Prolapse)

valvular heart disease characterized by the displacement of an abnormally thickened mitral valve leaflet into the left atrium during systole systolic murmur

Tricuspid valve stenosis

is a valvular heart disease which results in the narrowing of the orifice of the tricuspid valve of the heart. mid diastolic murmur

Tricuspid insufficiency (TI)

valvular heart disease also called tricuspid regurgitation (TR), refers to the failure of the heart's tricuspid valve to close properly during systole.

pansystolic heart murmur.

Aortic valve stenosis (AS)

is a disease of the heart valves in which the opening of the aortic valve is narrowed. Systolic murmur

Aortic insufficiency (AI),

also known as aortic regurgitation (AR), is the leaking of the aortic valve of the heart that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction during ventricular diastole, from the aorta into the left ventricle. Austin Flint murmur, a soft mid-diastolic rumble

Pulmonary valve stenosis

is a valvular heart disease in which outflow of blood from the right ventricle of the heart is obstructed at the level of the pulmonic valve. Ejection Murmur

Pulmonic regurgitation
also known as pulmonary regurgitation, is the backward flow of blood from the pulmonary artery, through the pulmonary valve, and into the right ventricle of the heart during diastole Diastolic Murmur - Early

 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

most common congenital heart disease results from failure to close of the foramen ovale after birth (failure of the septum primum and septum secundum to fuse) if small, has no clinical significance; if large (left to right shunt) surgical repair

 Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

less frequent than ASD's found in the membranous part of the ventricular septum and results from failure to fuse of the membranous portion with the muscular portion of the ventricular septum left to right shunt right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) surgery for large defects

TETRALOGY OF FALLOT
Pulmonic valve stenosis Overriding of the aorta

Right ventricular hypertrophy

Ventricular septal defect

RIGHT TO LEFT SHUNT