Objective: To examine the growth of cities at the turn of the 20th century.

Urbanization of Dubai, United Arab Emirates

New Architectural Style

New Use of Space

New Class Diversity New Energy

New Symbols of Change & Progress

The City as a New Frontier?

New Culture (Melting Pot)

Make a New Start

New Levels of Crime, Violence, & Corruption

New Form of Classic Rugged Individualism

Cities Grow Factory jobs sparked an increase in the growth of cities after the Civil War. Ex.) 1890 1/3 of Americans lived in cities 1920 1/2 of Americans lived in cities

 Immigrants came to northern cities looking for work. New York City population, total and by borough, from 1790 to 2000. Figures in millions. Key: New York City The Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island

 African-Americans came to northern cities from the South looking for work and to escape racism. This became known as the Great Migration.

In "the Promised Land" of Chicago, many black migrants still had to join picket lines to fight for fair wages. Some companies discriminated by placing restrictions upon the promotion and advancement of black workers, frequently preventing them from earning higher wages. Chicago, Illinois, July 1941

Picket line at the Mid-City Realty Company, Chicago, Illinois, July 1941 John Vachon, Photographer

Western Union Bldg,. NYC 1875

Manhatta n Life Insurance Bldg. NYC -

Singer Building NYC 1902

Woolwort h Bldg. NYC 1911

Flatiron Building NYC 1902 D. H. Burnham

Grand Central Station, 1913

The Brooklyn Bridge, 1883

John A. Roebling:

The Brooklyn Bridge, 1913

John A. Roebling:

City Life Poor families struggled to survive in crowded slums living in tenements . Tenements were overcrowded, dirty and oftentimes had no windows, heat, or indoor bathrooms. Hine, Lewis W. NYC tenement 1910

Dumbell Tenement

Dumbell Tenement, NYC

Jacob Riis, 1889 Lodgers in a Bayard Street Tenement, Five Cents a Spot"

Bunks in a seven-cent lodging-house, Pell Street

There is no mistaking it: we are in Jewtown. It is said that nowhere in the world are so many people crowded together on a square mile as here.yet the sign To Let" is the rarest of all.Here is one (building) seven stories high. The sanitary policeman whose beat this is will tell you that it contains thirtysix families, but the term has a widely different meaning here.In this house, where a case of small-pox was reported, there were fifty-eight babies and thirty-eight children that were over five years of age. In Essex Street two small rooms in a sixstory tenement were made to hold a "family" of father and mother, twelve children, and six boarders.These are samples of the packing of the population that has run up the record here to the rate of three hundred and thirty thousand per square mile. Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives, 1890 Source:
http://www.yale.edu/amstud/inforev/riis/chap10.html

Jacob Riis Mens Lodging Room in the West 47th Street Station c. 1892

Urban Growth: 1870 1900

Reform Garbage collection and street cleaning began regularly.

Street cleaning, Fourth Street

 New buildings were required to have fire escapes and plumbing.

Typical tenement fire-escape serving as an extension of the flat: Allen Street

 Separate residential and industrial zones were developed.

Help for the Poor Salvation Army

The worldwide expansion of the Salvation Army

 YMCA, YWCA Basketball was invented in 1891 at a YMCA

The YWCA offered physical and educational programs during lunch breaks to female factory workers. (c. early 1900s).

Hull House a settlement house set up by Jane Addams

Hull House in the early 1900s (above) and Jane Addams in the 1930s (right).

Hull-House Nursery, ca. 1890s

Racial Map of NYC Present-Day

Red represents White, Blue is Black, Green is Asian, Orange is Hispanic, Gray is Other, and each dot represents 25 people.