Madhav institute of technology and science

PRESENTATION ON
Click to edit Master subtitle style SESSION JULY-DEC11

ELECTRICAL FUSES

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PRESENTED BY:SAKET AGARWAL EE08045

ELECTRICAL FUSE IS THE SIMPLEST FUSE AND THE CHEAPEST DEVICE USED FOR INTERRUPTING AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT

UNDER SHORT CIRCUIT OR EXCESSIVE OVERLOAD, CURRENT MAGNITUDES. ACTION OF A FUSE IS BASED UPON THE HEATING EFFECT OF CURRENT.

IN NORMAL OPERATING CONDITIONS, WHEN THE CURRENT FLOWING THROUGH THE CIRCUIT IS WITHIN SAFE LIMITS, THE HEAT DEVELOPED IN THE FUSE ELEMENT IS DISSIPATED INTO THE SURROUNDING AIR.

WHEN SOME FAULT OCCURS, THE HEAT GENERATED DUE TO THIS EXCESSIVE CURRENT MELTS THE FUSIBLE ELEMENT AND BREAKS IT, AND THUS PROTECTS THE MACHINE OR THE APPLIANCE FROM DAMAGE.FIG.1

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IMPORTANT TECHNICAL TERMS

FUSE ELEMENT:- IT IS THAT PART OF THE FUSE WHICH

ACTUALLY MELTS WHEN AN EXCESSIVE CURRENT FLOWS IN THE CIRCUIT AND THUS ISOLATES THE FAULTY DEVICE FROM THE SUPPLY CIRCUIT.

FUSE LINK:- IT IS THAT PART OF THE FUSE WHICH CURRENT RATING:- IT IS DEFINED AS THE RMS

NEEDS REPLACEMENT WHEN THE FUSE BLOWS OUT.

VALUE OF THE CURRENT WHICH THE FUSE WIRE CAN CARRY CONTINUOUSLY WITHOUT DETERIORATION.

FUSING CURRENT:- IT IS THE MINIMUM VALUE OF

CURRENT AT WHICH THE FUSE ELEMENT OR FUSE WIRE MELTS.

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FUSING FACTOR:- THE RATIO OF MINIMUM FUSING BREAKING CAPACITY:- THE BREAKING CAPACITY IS

CURRENT AND THE CURRENT RATING OF FUSE ELEMENT.

THE MAXIMUM CURRENT THAT CAN SAFELY BE INTERRUPTED BY THE FUSE.

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FUSE ELEMENT MATERIAL

The fuse element is made of zinc, copper, silver, aluminum, or alloys to provide stable and predictable characteristics. The fuse ideally would carry its rated current indefinitely, and melt quickly on a small excess. The element must not be damaged by minor harmless surges of current, and must not oxidize or change its behavior after possibly years of service.

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FUSE ARRANGEMENT
The fuse is always connected to the live wire of the circuit. If the fuse is connected to the neutral wire then even when the fuse burns, the appliance remains connected to the live wire and the appliance may get damaged.

The fuse is always connected in the beginning of the circuit before any appliance is connected, so that the fuse may melt before the appliance is damaged.

The fuse wire must be of a current rating less than the maximum current which a circuit or an appliance can withstand.

The fuse wire 'F' is stretched between the two metallic terminals T1and T2in a porcelain holder. This holder fits into a porcelain socket which is connected to the live wire of the circuit.

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CURRENT RATING OF FUSE ELEMENT FOR DIFFERENT APPLIANCE

Appliance Power (in watt) Current rating for fuse (in ampere) 60 120 150 700 750 1000 1500 2000 3060 0.27 0.54 0.68 3.2 3.4 4.5 7.0 8.3 13.6

Electric bulb Television set Refrigerator Electric iron Electric mixer Room heater Geyser Electric kettle Electric oven

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TYPES OF FUSES

LOW VOLTAGE FUSES HIGH VOLTAGE FUSES

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LOW VOLTAGE FUSES

Low voltage fuses can be classified into:1) Cartridge Fuses where the fuse element or the fuselink is located in a cartridge . 2) Rewirable Fuses where the fuselink is a wire that is wired over a ceramic fuse carriers.

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In cartridge fuses, the fuselink consists ofwireswhich have low resistivity. The material used for the fuselinks needs to have low melting and vaporising temperatures and low specific heat. This ensures that the fuselink acts quickly, melts and interrupts the circuit. The vast majority of fuselinks used today are alloys which use either copper or silver as the main ingredient in their construction.

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Rewirable fuses consist of afusecarrier which carry a piece of wire which acts as thefuselink. This kind offuseis not fully enclosed. These fuses are amongst the earliest fuses. There is a risk offittinga fusewire of higher rating in thefuseholder. They are now being replaced with the cartridge fuses.

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High-voltagefuses are used to protect instrument transformersused for electricity metering, or for small powertransformerswhere the expense of a circuit breakeris not warranted. For example, in distribution systems, a power fuse may be used to protect a transformer serving 13 houses. A circuit breaker at 115 kV may cost up to five times as much as a set of power fuses, so the resulting saving can be tens of thousands of dollars. Pole-mounted distribution transformers are nearly always protected by afusible cutout, which can have the fuse element replaced using live-line maintenance tools. High-power fusemeans that these fuses can interrupt several kiloamperes.

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Any query

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