LEVELS OF ORGANISATION

Harisha Shailin Gowthami Sagar Pavan Dhanunjay DM-06-059 DM-06-058 DM-06-054 DM-06-056 DM-06-057 DM-06-63

What is Organization
A group of people who work together When two or more people get together and agree to coordinate their activities in order to achieve their common goals. The responsibilities by means of which the activities of the enterprise are dispersed among the (managerial, supervisory, and specialist) personnel employed in its service.

Objectives of Organizational Behaviors

Understanding the employees better Understand the culture of an organization Understand how to develop good leaders Develop a good team Higher productivity

Individual level of Organisation

At the individual level of analysis, organizational behaviour involves the study of learning, perception, creativity, motivation, personality, turnover, task performance, cooperative behaviour, deviant behaviour, ethics
Ability & Learning Values, Attitudes and Job Satisfaction Personality & Emotions Perception & Individual Decision Making Basic Motivation Concepts Motivation and its Applications

THE SYSTEM APPROACH TO ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR

Modem theorists apply a five-part system approach to organizational behaviour: the individual the formal organization the informal organization

Dynamics of Individual Organization

The model are applied freely at every level of analysis, even though mosey believe only individuals think The relationship between thought and action and the dynamics of learning and forgetting remain unclear Every individual employee occupy roles and follow rules so raising questions about how such constraints on workplace activity

Group Dynamics
Two or more individuals who are connected to one another by social relationships.

Types of Groups
Primary Secondary Planned (concocted and founded) Emergent (circumstantial and self-organizing)

Cont..
Type of Group Characteristics Examples

Primary groups

Small, long-term groups characterized by face-to-face interaction & high levels of cohesiveness, solidarity, & member identification Larger, less intimate, more goal-focused groups typical of more complex societies

Families, close friends, tight-knit peer groups, gangs, elite military squads

Secondary groups

Congregations, work groups, unions, professional associations

What are some common characteristics of groups?

Interaction: task and relationship Interdependence: sequential, reciprocal, mutual Structure: roles, norms, relations Goals: generating, choosing, negotiating, executing

Characteristics of Groups - Interaction

Groups are systems that create, organize, and sustain interaction among members Task Interaction actions performed by individuals pertaining to groups tasks and goals Relationship Interaction actions performed by the group relating to emotional and interpersonal bonds

Characteristics of Groups Interdependence

Experiences are determined by other members of the group and vice versa Sequential influence of one member to the next. Reciprocal two or more members may influence each other Multilevel the outcome of larger groups are influenced by the activities of smaller groups

Types of groups
a. Formal groups are work groups established by the organization and have designated work assignments and established tasks. The bheaviour in which one should engage are stipulated by and directed toward organizational goals. b. Informal groups are of a social nature and are natural formations. They tend to form around friendships and common interests.

Why Do People Join Groups?

There is no single reason why individuals join groups Security reflects a strength in numbers Status indicates a prestige that comes from belonging to a particular group Affiliation with groups can fulfil one's social needs Self-esteem conveys people's feelings of self-worth Finally, people may join a group for goal achievement.

groups are influenced by the activities of

Interdisciplinary:
psychology sociology political science anthropology business

Group Decision making

Important decisions are taken by groups not by individuals Generally group decision is better than individual decision making Advantages of group decision making Groups perform better than individuals in decision making because

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A wide range of alternatives and solution is considered Decision taken in a group are well accepted and the level of commitment is also high People accept a decision when they have contributed to decision making

Characteristics of a well-functioning, effective group

A group is considered effective if it is having following characteristics. Relaxed, comfortable, informal atmosphere Task to be performed are well understood & accepted Members listen well & participate in given assignments Clear assignments made & accepted Group aware of its operation & function People express feelings & ideas Consensus decision making Conflict & disagreement center around ideas

Factors of group cohesiveness

Motivation
Maslows needs hierarchy

Individual & Group Dynamics

Economic theory is based on the assumption that individuals are self-interested A person makes decisions based on the costs and benefits that he or she perceives There must be power in collective decision making.We guess it is safer to say group thinking is more reliable than individual thinking

Individuals In to Team Players

Some individuals prefer to be recognized for their individual achievements. In some organizations, too, work environments are such that only the "strong" survive. Creating teams in such an environment may meet some resistance.

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An individual can think well and give a great output so as a group they can think and give a great output too and to favor one on the other it wont be a accurate thin to do ,as one person thinking can lead to a scientific self-interested decisions can be coordinated for the good of the group.

GROUP ROLES
The concept of roles applies to all employees in organizations and to their life outside the organization as well. Individuals play multiple roles. Employees attempt to determine what behaviours are expected of them.

Key Terms
Individuals: Individuals are important units of any organization Group: A group is defined as two or more interacting and interdependent individuals who come together to achieve particular objectives. Team: A team is a mature group with highly independent members who are completely committed to a common goal. Role: A role refers to a set of expected behaviour patterns attributed to someone who occupies a given position in a social unit. Self Esteem: Self-esteem conveys people's feelings of selfworth.