PROJECT REPORT

MOBILE COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

SUMMER TRAINING PROJECT (6 WEEKS TRAINING) SAMSUNG INDIA ELECTRONICS LTD CC-28, NEHRU ENCLAVE, KALKAJI, NEW DELHI, INDIA. N.C COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY ) ISRANA PANIPAT Deepanshi Arora Roll No. : 1508225 B.Tech (ECE)

CONTENTS

Introduction Acknowledgement Training Acknowledgement GSM Technology CDMA Technology Overview Conclusion

INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVE OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

The main objective of the Industrial Training is to experience and understand real life situations in industrial organizations and their related environments and accelerating the learning process of how students knowledge could be used in a realistic way. In addition to that, industrial training also makes one understand the formal and informal relationships in an industrial organization so as to promote favorable human relations and teamwork. Besides, it provides the exposure to practice and apply the acquired knowledge hands - on in the working environment. Industrial training also provides a systematic introduction to the ways of industry and developing talent and attitudes, so that one can understand how Human Resource Development works. Moreover, students can gain hands-on experience that is related to the students majoring so that the student can relate to and widen the skills that have been learnt while being in university.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to thank the CSP Branch Manager Mr. Amresh, who was kind enough to allow me to do my industrial training at the Samsung CSP Plaza. I would also like to express my sincere thanks to the Supervisor Ms. Kiran, who provided valuable information and helped me with the project. I would also like to thank everyone at the Samsung CSP Plaza for helping me out with every query. I extend my sincere thanks to Mr. Wilfred Peters who provided me with valuable guidance. Thanks a lot for your guidance and support.

Deepanshi Arora Roll No. : 1508225 B.Tech (ECE)

SUMMER TRAINING PROJECT

(6 WEEKS TRAINING)

SAMSUNG INDIA ELECTRONICS LTD

CC-28, NEHRU ENCLAVE, KALKAJI, NEW DELHI, INDIA.

MOBILE COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

GSM (Architecture) CDMA (Architecture)

GSM: GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION

Introduction and history. GSM architecture. Implementation. Technology and standards. Summary

PRIVATE SERVICE PROVIDERS 1. SINGLE BAND SERVICE

2. DUAL BAND SERVICE

GOVERNMENT SERVICE PROVIDERS

1. SINGLE BAND SERVICE

Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) Anybody 500 million users (may 2001) Anywhere 168 countries (may 2001) Any media voice, messaging, data, multimedia

Home Location Register

BTS = Base Transceiver Station

AuC
Equipment ID

Network Management Center

AuC = Authentication Center

OMC = Operation and Maintenance Center PSTN = Public Switched Telephone Network ME = Mobile Equipment
Subscriber Identity Module Subscriber Identity Module Subscriber Identity Module

Visitor Location Register

OMC

ME

B T S

Mobile switching center Base station controller

PSTN

ME

B T S

Data communication network

ME

B T S

MS Transmission Band : 890 915 MHZ

45 MHz

BS Transmission Band : 935 960 MHZ Year Introduced

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1990 TDMA

Access method

Channel Bandwidth
Number of duplex channels Users per channel Speech coding bit rate Data coding bit rate Frame size

200 kHz
125 8 13 kbps 12 kbps 4.6 ms

F1 F2 F1' F2' Frequency

MS Mobile Station SIM - Subscriber Identity Module Base station Subsystem BTS - Base Transceiving Station BSC - Base Station Controller Network node MSC - Mobile Switching Center Registers GMSC- Gateway Services Switching Center

Registers
HLR - Home Location Register VLR - Visitor Location Register AUC - Authentication Center EIR - Equipment Identity Register

Billions of Calls Millions of Subscribers Thousand of Different Types of Telephones Hundreds of Countries Dozens of Manufacturers. And only one Card: The SIM Administrative data Security data Subscriber data Roaming data PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network)

Receiver
Voice decoding

Channel Decoding

Deciphering

Demodulation

Voice encoding

Channel encoding

Ciphering

Modulation

Amplifier

Transmitter
Central processor, clock and tone, internal bus system, keyboard (HMI)

SIM = Subscriber Identity Module

Slow frequency hopping

Output filter

HF Transmitter (HF-TX) HF Receiver (HF-RX)

TRX Digital signal processing (NF functionality)

Transmission system

AbisInterface

Input filter

O&M Module

Operation and maintenance functionality/clock distribution

Block Diagram of a BTS with one TRX

Variant

Uplink (MHz) 451-458 and 479-486 890-915

Downlink (MHz) 461-468 and 489-496 935-960

Total Bandwidth Twice 14 MHz Twice 25 MHz

Duplexfrequenc y 10 MHz 45 MHz

Channels

GSM-400 GSM-900 (primary band) Extended GSM-900 GSM-R DCS-1800 PCS-1900

Twice 72 Twice 124

880-915 876-880 1,710-1,785 1,850-1,910

925-960 921-925 1,805-1,880 1,930-1,990

Twice 35 MHz Twice 4 MHz Twice 75 MHz Twice 60 MHz

45 MHz 45 MHz 95 MHz 80 MHz

Twice 174 Twice 19 Twice 373 Twice 300

GSM-900: Uplink: 890,2 MHz 915 MHz (25 MHz) Downlink: 935,2 MHz 960 MHz (25 MHz) Uplink-Downlink distance: 45 MHz Frequency Division Multiple Access Channels are 200 kHz wide. 124 pairs of channels Time Division Multiple Access 8 connections each channel Theoretical 124*8 = 992 channel to use.

GSM-1800: Uplink: 1725,2 - 1780,4 MHz Downlink: 1820,2 - 1875,4 MHz Uplink-Downlink distance: 95 MHz 384 pairs of channels

Fullrate-Channel (Speech) 13 kBit/s Halfrate-Channel (Speech) 6,5 kBit/s GSM-Data-Channel 9,6 kBit/s

User Authentication (Challenge-Response-Method) AUC generates RAND -> transfers to MS SIM of MS has secret Key and A3-Algorithm SIM calculates SRES (signed response) from RAND -> transfer to AUC AUC has secret Key and A3-Algorithm AUC calculates SRES too -> compares it with response If identical AUC authorizes the network access GSM Communication Encrypting

Network architecture Implementation Voice application Data application

CDMA: CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS

Introduction and CDMA basics. CDMA architecture. Implementation. Technology and standards. Summary

PRIVATE SERVICE PROVIDERS

GOVERNMENT SERVICE PROVIDERS

CDMA BASICS

CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) splits calls into fragments and send them over different frequencies simultaneously. The use of multiple frequencies gives CDMA effective protection against interference and lost calls. CDMA supports true packet switching and does not use time slots, therefore is more bandwidth efficient than TDMA -- also a more direct path to 3G. Current CDMA penetration in the world market is about 27%.

ADVANTAGES OF 3G TECHNOLOGY
Faster speeds--able to handle more calls Efficient in data handling Integration with the Internet technology More capable, multi-media handsets and devices. Global interoperability and roaming. Advanced services and more profitable revenue opportunities.

Base Transceiver Station-BTS

Usually referred to as the Base Station Provides the interface to the network for the MS Handles all communications with the MS Less intelligent than analogue equivalent cheaper than analogue systems bypass analogue in less wealthy countries intelligence now deployed on MS for example, when to perform a handover Transmitting power determines cell size

Comparative Network Speeds

CDMA 1x EV-DO W-CDMA STATIONARY W-CDMA MOVING CDMA 1x RTT

2400 2000 384 144 114 64 28.8 9.6

GPRS
CDMA

PDC-P

GSM/PDC

Theoretical data transmission speed - kbps

Standards Evolution to 3G Worldwide

Japan 1st Gen
TACS

Europe/Parts of Asia
NMT/TACS/Other

Americas/Parts of Asia
AMPS

2nd Gen

PDC

GSM

TDMA

CDMA

3rd Gen

W-CDMA/UMTS

EDGE

CDMA2000

CDMA 2000
Instead of solving the 2G network differences via 3G, we will continue to have W-CDMA and cdma2000 as separate networks. Both will be optional implementation modes in one 3G standard specification. Basic 3G phones will support one or the other. Global phones will be able to roam from one to the other.

3G Systems Overview
IS-41 CORE NETWORK
CDMA ONE IS -95 B CDMA 2000 1x CDMA 2000 1X EV-DV CDMA 2000 1X EV-DO

CDMA ONE IS-95A

TDMA

EDGE GSM GPRS

W-CDMA

CDMA ONE
Newest cellular phone standard
Developed by Qualcomm Supported mainly in the America and East Asia

CDMA-based digital system

Up to 18 times capacity of AMPS per frequency band

Very Secure
Listeners need the right descrambler key Optional encryption is also available

CDMA 2000
Radio transmission technology for the evolution of narrowband cdmaOne/ IS-95 to 3G by adding up multiple carriers.

Also known as IMT-CDMA Multi-Carrier (1X/3X).

Backwards compatible with IS-95 (cdma One), a principle reason for its likely adoption in existing IS-95 networks.

CDMA 2000 1-x

CDMA 2000-1x is the first commercial available 3G IMT- 2000 standard - supports medium data, rate wireless data. Capable of up to 153.6 kbps toward 307 kbps peak data rate on a 1x (1.25 MHz bandwidth) carrier. Doubles capacity for voice communications. Offers 50% longer stand-by times. Backwards compatible with cdmaOne (IS-95). Compatible with GSM-MAP and IS-41. Also known as IMT-CDMA Multi-Carrier (1X/3X).

HLR
STM over T1/T3 or IS-2000 A Ref (A1, A2, A5) STM over T1/T3 AAL1 over SONET

PST N

MSC
BTS AQuarter Ref (A10, A11)

MS

BSC Proprietary Interface

IP over Ethernet/AAL5

SMSSC

Internet
BTS

IP Router

IP Firewall

IP Router

BTS - Base Transceiver Station RADIUS over UDP/IP BSC - Base Station Controller MS - Mobile Station MSC - Mobile Switching Center HLR - Home Location Registry SMS-SC - Short Message Service - Serving Center AAA STM Synchronous Transfer Mode PDSN Packet Data Serving Node AAA Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting PDSN Home Agent Mobile IP Home Agent A10 Bearer interface between BSC (PCF) and PDSN for packet data A11 Signaling interface between BSC (PCF) and PDSN for packet data

Home Agent

Privata Data Network

CDMA 2000 Network Evolution - Current

BTS SS7 network (HLR, SCP,SMS, VMS..) BSC IS-2000 Legacy MS BTS BTS IS-2000 IS-856 TDM PCF PDSN BR TDM MSC GMSC

Circuit Network

PSTN/PLMN

Packet Network

Internet

BSC HAT BTS

PCF

PDSN
AAA Server

O&M Server

HA

Voice Path Packet Data Path Signaling Signaling and Bearer Bearer

Migration of CDMA 2000 that provides a wireless technology that enables a wire-line equivalent user experience (high data rates) and economics (low cost per Megabyte) Data Only .

Supports both voice and data services over a standard (1X) CDMA channel Provides up to twice the capacity of earlier CDMA2000 systems Accommodate the continuing growth of voice services as well as new wireless Internet services Provides peak data rates of up to 153 kbps (and up to 307 kbps in the future), without sacrificing voice capacity for data capabilities.

CDMA2000 1X

CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev. 0 1.25 MHz

CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev. A 1.25 MHz

CDMA2000 1xEV-DV Rev. C 1.25 MHz

CDMA2000 1xEV-DV Rev. D 1.25 MHz

Spectrum Occupancy Max. Data Rate/User, Forward Link Max. Data Rate/User, Reverse Link F/L Avg. Sector Throughput
(100% Rx Diversity)

1.25 MHz

153.6 Kbps

2.4 Mbps

3.1 Mbps

3.1 Mbps

3.1 Mbps

153 Kbps

153 kbps

1.8 Mbps

307 kbps

1.8 Mbps

200-300 kbps

600 kbps
(900 - 1100 kbps)

800 kbps
(1200 - 1500 kbps)

800 kbps
(1200 - 1500 kbps

800 kbps
(1200 - 1500 kbps

R/L Avg. Sector Throughput Voice Capacity Availability

200-300 kbps

200 - 300 kbps

450-500 kbps

200-300 kbps

450-500 kbps

26 Erl Now

N/A 2004

VoIP Forecast FOA in

26 Erl TBD outside of

26 Erl Forecast FOA in 2006

Analytical predictions only, not to be construed as product specifications. 2006 Korea Data Capacity is scheduler dependent; All values shown are per Sector; Web Browsing Traffic Model.

The CDMA2000 family meets the marketplaces demand for voice and data services.
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO

CDMA2000 1xEV-DO

HIGH DATA RATE & CAPACITY

Peak 2.4 Mbps Packet Data

Data Only Services Non Real-time Services

Peak 3.1 Mbps Packet Data VoIP and Data Services Real-time Services E-MAIL w/ Attachment S/W Download Live Video Broadcast Video Conference REAL TIME

NON-REAL TIME

1xEV-DO

1XEV-DO Rev. A

Music Download

Full Web Browsing E-MAIL Multi-Media Messaging Transaction Based Apps

Interactive Gaming

IS-95

1X

1xEV-DV Download Ringers

Location Based Services Voice

SMS

CDMA2000 1X

CDMA2000 1xEV-DV

2X Voice Capacity

Peak 3.1 Mbps Data Simultaneous Voice & Data LOW-MED DATA & CAPACITY

Peak 153.6 Kbps Data

Real-Time Multi-Media Services

Adopting technology somewhat like waiting for computer prices to come down??

Network architecture Implementation Voice application Data application

Through this project centric training, I have got an insight about the real practical scenario of engineering world, which has enabled me to learn so much. In the ever-changing industry, the ability to explore and assimilate new knowledge is vital. The industrial training helped me in developing knowledge about the telecommunication network. Not only have I gained technical knowledge, but the training has helped me to get to know the internal working and the professional aspects of a reputed telecom company like Samsung Electronics Pvt Ltd.

THE END