Posterior Teeth

PO8TEROR TEETH
PremoIars (8)
First and Second
Maxillary and Mandibular
Left and Right
MoIars (12)
First, Second, Third
Maxillary and Mandibular
Left and Right
Traits of Posterior Teeth
Posterior crowns are shorter than
anterior ones (PCs < ACs)
Occlusal surface, not an edge
Marginal ridges horizontal
Multiple cusp
Contact areas, not points
Contact areas almost at the same
level
Cervical line has a slight curvature
Premolars
Replace primary molars
Universal numbering system
4,5 12,13 20,21 28,29
Mesial surface contact anterior tooth
Distal surface contact posterior tooth
Premolars - Notation 8ys
4,5 (2
nd
premolar followed by 1
st
premolar).12,13.20,21.28, 29
(Universal)
14, 15; 24, 25; 34, 35; 44, 45
(nternational)
4 , 5; 4 , 5; 4 , 5; 4 , 5
(Palmer)
lass Traits of Premolars
Multiple cusp (2-3 cusps) with one Facial
cusp (1 out of the 2-3 cusps)
PremoIar FaciaI View simiIar to Canine
FaciaI View
Height of contour (where tooth bulges
out the most) on lingual surface more
occlusal than anterior teeth
F-L dimension > M-D (F-L > M-D)
CentraI groove on occIusaI surface
Contact areas at junction of F-M 1/3 and
O-M 1/3
Premolars
Functions:
mastication of food
vertical dimension of the face
support corners of mouth
Premolars - Lobes {Esp.
Lingual_
Facial surfaces (cusps) develop from
three facial lobes (embryologically
speaking)
Lingual surfaces of most premolars
develop from one lingual lobe.
Exception mandibular second premolar:
three cusps develop from two IinguaI
Iobes (54% of the time)
eometry ProximaI view
(side view) of
maxillary and
mandibular
premolars
Tilts and geometry
are arch traits
TRAPEZODAL
(MAXLLARY)/
RHOMBODAL
(MANDB) ON
SDE/PROXMAL
VEW
Premolars - Facial
From the facial, crowns taper
toward the cervical.
Shape: pentagon-like (5-sided).
Tip of facial cusp is often slightly
mesial Exception: maxillary
first premolar**
Premolars - rown
Crown is narrower on the lingual side
than on the facial side
(Crown: Lingual < Facial).
**Exception: three-cusp,
mandibular second premolar (
of the time)
Crown except'n: Mandib 2
nd
premolar
eometry
f80l8llll08l
Ff0KlM8l N08l8l 8 0l8l8l
Trapezoidal with large base occlusal
Trapezoidal with large base cervical
Premolars - Marginal
Ridges
Mesial marginal ridge is more
occlusally positioned than the distal
marginal ridge. (MMR is higher on
the occIusaI edge than the DMR,
i.e. all throughout premolars)
The marginal ridge exception is
the mandibular first premolar (due
to nonfunctional cusp in lingual)
Premolars -
Width/Triangular Ridges
Transverse Ridge
Wider faciolingually than
mesiodistally (Width: FL > MD)
Facial and Lingual Triangular Ridges
join to form a Transverse Ridge.
Except mandibular second
premolar w/ 3 cusps
Premolars - Proximal
ontacts
Proximal contacts from the occlusal
view are slightly facial to the
faciolingual midline.
(Therefore, the embrasure space is
wider down in the occlusal edge than
the gingival edge)
Maxillary First Premolar -
Facial
%wo cusps, Buccal
is Greater Than
Lingual (B>L)
%wo roots B>L
%wo root canaIs
Cusp ridges M>D
Cusp tip distaIIy
MesiaI concavity
(cervix to contact)
Contact= on M&D
Cervical line convex
f80l8l l0N
0
N
Maxillary First Premolar -
Lingual
Tapers (B& L visible)
Lingual root narrow
Lingual ridge
Cusp tip mesially
Cervical line convex
ll08l l0N
Maxillary First Premolar
nverted Trapezoid
Two roots with furcation at
junction A-M 1/3
Cusps within root trunk
L cusp with L
B cusp in mid of B
On Buccal - greatest contour
in cervical 1/3
On Lingual -greatest contour
in middle 1/3
cervical line curvature 1mm
MMDG- mid & occ 1/3
M -deveIopmentaI
depression
M groove on root
N08l8l l0N
M
L
Maxillary First Premolar
Trapezoid
Convex
Area cervical to
contact is flat
(mesial area is
concave)
no developmental
depression/groove
cervical line less
than mesial
0l8l8l l0N
Maxillary First Premolar
Hexagonal unequal
MB,M, ML,DL, D,DB
Ridges
M cusp, D cusp &
triangular on F and L
cusp
MMR and DMR
Grooves
Central groove
MMD Groove
MBDG & DBDG
Mesial & Distal
triangle fossae
00l088l l0N
Maxillary First Premolar
Hexagonal unequal
MB,M, ML,DL, D,DB
MB ridge &
MR=RT< (Right
Angle)
DB ridge & MR=AC<
(Acute angle)
Central G & MMDG
MBDG & DBDG
M/D triangle fossa
B/L Triangle ridge
Transverse ridge
00l088l l0N
Maxillary First Premolar
Two pulp canals
Mimic anatomy of
root view to view
Kidney shaped
cross section of root
at cervix
F0l 8l0M
Maxillary First
Premolar
Cusp /occlusal
ridges
Triangular
/Transverse ridges
(calculate)
ncline planes
(Slopes)
Developmental
Grooves
Fossae
$0fl800 8l0M
Maxillary First Premolar
1= DCR of L cusp
2= AR of L cusp
3= DMR
4= AR of F cusp
5= DCR of F cusp
6= F cusp tip
7= MCR of F cusp
8= MMR
9= MCR of L cusp
10= L cusp tip
$0fl800
8l0M
Maxillary 8econd Premolar
Resembles the First
Smaller than First
Single root
Single root canal
2 cusps B=L, shorter
than first PM
facial ridge less
prominent
Cusp tip not pointed
Cusp tip mesial to
long axis
l80l8llf80l8l l0N
Maxillary 8econd Premolar
Trapezoid
Cusps equal in
length
facial cusp visible
Root tapered and
longer than the
first PM
ll08l l0N
Maxillary 8econd Premolar
Trapezoid
No developmental
depression
No developmental
groove
Distance between
cusps widen
Wider Occlusal table
N08l8l l0N
Maxillary 8econd Premolar
Trapezoid
No developmental
depression
No developmental
groove
Cervical line 1mm or
less
0l8l8l l0N
Maxillary 8econd Premolar
Round or Oval
Central groove short
Several
suppIementaI
deveIopmentaI
grooves (provides
"wrinkIy"
appearance)
Wrinkled appearance
Thick marginal ridges
00l088l l0N
Maxillary Premolars
First Premolar
4 developmental
lobes
Trapezoid F & L
nverted Trapezoid
M/D
2 cusps B & L
B cusp longer than L
2 roots B & L
2 root canals
Second Premolar
4 developmental
lobes as anteriors
Trapezoid F & L
nverted Trapezoid
M/D
2 cusps B & L
B & L cusps equal
1 root
1 root canal
Mandibular Premolar
eometry
f80l8llll08l Ff0KlM8l N08l8l 8 0l8l8l
eometry
Ff0KlM8l l0N 0l N8Klll8f 8 N80l00l8f Ff0M0l8f8
1lll8 80 00M0lf
8f0 8f00 lf8ll8
Trapezoid
base cervical
rhomboid
Mandibular First Premolar
2 cusps/1 root
Trapezoid
Narrow cervix, wide
contact
Contact area >1/2 from
cervix to cusp
Crest of curvature in
middle
M straight, D concave
to contact
M ridge shorter than D
with concavity
Pronounced B ridge
l80l8llf80l8l l0N
Mandibular First Premolar
Trapezoid
Crown and root taper
lingually
Small lingual cusp (a
nonfunctional cusp)
Occlusal surface tapers
lingually
ML developmental
groove
Lingual cusp tip in line
with B ridge
Transverse ridge
2 Occlusal fossae
ll08l l0N
Mandibular First Premolar
Rhomboid
B cusp tip over tapered root
near axis
L cusp tip lines up with root's
lingual outline
Depression/groove/ root
B contour cervical 1/3
L contour middle 1/3
MB slopes to MMR
ML depression/groove
B ridge ll MMR
B ridge & L ridge form
sulcus
N08l8l l0N
Mandibular First Premolar
Rhomboid
DMR high right \
Broad contact
D Cervical line = M
cervical line=<1mm
Shallow depression
on root middle and
apical third
0l8l8l l0N
Mandibular First Premolar
Diamond or Circular
Converge to lingual
Prominent B lobe/
ridge
MB/ DB line \s round
Contact areas lingual to
B line \s
Large B ridge /small L
ridge
M linear fossa/groove
D circular fossa DBCR,
DMR, DLCR
00l088l l0N
Mandibular First Premolar
1) L cusp tip
2) ML developmental
groove
3) M marginal ridge
4) F cusp tip
5) Triangular ridge of
the F cusp
6) D M R
7) Triangular ridge of
the L cusp
$0fl800 8l0M
Mandibular First Premolar
Pulp cavity similar to mandibular canine
1 canal
Follows shape of root
Cross section oval
Mandibular 8econd Premolar
Larger than first
3 cusps sometimes 2
1 large, long root
No developmental
depression or groove
Short B cusp
MB & DB cusp ridges
not sharp
Broad & high contact
Broad root/ blunt apex
f80l8l l0N
Mandibular 8econd Premolar
Less lingual
convergence
ML > DL cusp, divided
by lingual groove
Lingual groove lingual
to center
Occlusal Surface of
Buccal cusp visible
2 cusp form has no
lingual groove
ll08l l0N
Mandibular 8econd Premolar
Crown & Root wider
B-L than first
B not centered over
root.Lingual by axis
MMR right\ to tooth
Less of occlusal
Visible
No ML groove
No depression on root
N08l8l l0N
Mandibular 8econd Premolar
Similar to Mesial
DMR is lower than
MMR
More occlusal surface
visible
Crown tipped distally
to long axis of root
(as all posterior)
Root has deep
depression in distal
0l8l8l l0N
Mandibular 8econd Premolar
3 cusp have a
pentatonic shape or
outIine
3 cusp B>ML>DL
Cusp separated by 3
developmental grooves in
a "Y pattern with a central
pit (or a centraI and
IinguaI groove)
ML cusp wider
ridge on each cusp
00l088l l0N
Mandibular 8econd
Premolar
1 M pit
2 M A fossae
3 F cusp tip
4 D A fossae
5 D pit
6 DL cusp tip
7 central pit
8 central fossae
9 ML cusp tip
$0fl800 8l0M
Mandibular 2
nd
Premolar
two cusp form
Ling. Cusp opposite B
ML & DL rounded
Central groove straight or
crescent
Pits in M & D fossae
Left 2
nd
PM
2 cusp
Left 2
nd
PM
2 cusp
Mandibular Premolars
8ummary
First Premolar
4 developmental lobes
large facial cusp
small lingual cusp
non functional
looks like a cingulum
NOTE - THE
MANDBULAR CANNE
AND FRST PREMOLAR
TPPED SLGHTLY
FACAL AND SECOND
SLGHTLY LNGUALLY
Second Premolar
5 developmental lobes
3 facial, 2 lingual
large facial cusp
2 small lingual cusps
looks like a molar
3
rd
most likely not to develop
Common Variation
4 lobes, 3 F + 1 L
2 cusps, B + L
looks like a max premolar
Taper to lingual
Mesial and distal fossa-
circular but mesial linear,
both have pits
Short central groove, if any
MMR more cervical than
DMR (exception)
B crest of curvature in
cervical third (exception)
L crest in middle third
D- root depression; M- in
apical and mid thirds
Contact area of both near
the junction of middle and
occlusal third
distal contact area more
occlusal than the mesial
(exception to rule)
Little lingual taper, lingual
may be wider than facial
Distal fossa deeper and
larger than mesial
No central groove
Grooves from central fossa
to form letter Y
Distal contact slightly
cervical
B crest of curvature at jnctn.
of mid & cervical third
L crest in middle
D- root has deep depression
M-none
Both premolars are
succedaneous teeth
flf8l Ff0M0l8f $0000 Ff0M0l8f
Maxillary vs Mandibular
Premolars
Prominent facial ridge
Lingual cups longer than
mnd lingual cusp
Crown aligned over root
Crown shape oval
Tip of lingual cusp
toward mesial
Less prominent facial
ridge
Lingual cusps relatively
shorter than max
lingual cusp
Crown slight distal tilt
on root
Crown shape closer to
square
Tip of lingual cusp
centered