Module D Power Point ModD - ch04 - Eng

Computer and Information Technology for (HKCEE) Module D
4.1Different Audio Attributes

4.2 Common Audio File Formats
4.3Balancing between File Size and Audio Qual
Qua
4.4Making Audio Elements Fit Our Needs
Computer and Information
Technology for (HKCEE)
Module D: Part A
4.1 Different Audio Attributes

Sampling
the process of converting sounds from analogue to
digital format
every fraction of a second of a sound sample is
recorded in digital bits
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© Longman Hong Kong Education
Module D: Part A

Sampling rate
number of points used to capture the sound wave
in 1 second
unit: Hertz
Sample size
amount of information used to store the round-off
amplitude of each sample
unit: bits
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Module D: Part A

The effects of sampling rate on the quality of
waveform
In order to reproduce the sound wave accurately,
sufficient capture points must be used
the more accurate the higher the

the more capture
the sampled quality of the
points used
waveform will be digitised sound
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Module D: Part A

Sampling rate = f Sampling rate = 4f
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Module D: Part A

The amount of information stored with each
sample specifies how precisely the sample
gets measured
Common sample size
8-bit ： 256 amplitude value
16-bit ： 65,536 amplitude value
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Module D: Part A

Common sampling rates and sample size
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Module D: Part A

Channels
one waveform (mono)
two waveforms
(stereo) Left
richer listening channel
experience
requires twice the Right
amount of storage channel
space
Ulead Audio Editor
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Module D: Part A

Audio file size (uncompressed)
the uncompressed file size of a one-second audio
file
File size (in byte) = sampling rate x sample size x
number of channels / 8
Example
sampling rate of a one-second stereo = 44.1 kHz
sample size = 16 bit
audio file size

＝ (44,100 x 16 x 2 / 8) = 176,400 bytes
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Module D: Part A

Wave format (WAV)
the native audio format in the Microsoft Windows
environment
uncompressed Wave files are generally bulky to
handle
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Module D: Part A

MIDI format (MID)
Musical Instrument Digital Interface
a standard format for computers and electronic
musical instruments to communicate sound
information
represent the notes that are played, along with
information like volume and frequency
comprised of codes – much smaller than wave
files
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Module D: Part A

The ideas of MIDI instructions
Wavetable (ROM)
Looking for trumpet’s sample Trumpet sound samples
MIDI instructions Signal processor Trumpet music
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Module D: Part A

a MIDI file displayed in MIDI editing software for
guitar music
TablEdit
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Module D: Part A

WAVE files versus MIDI files
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Module D: Part A

MP3 format (MP3, MPA)
a standard for lossy audio compression
support small file size and high sound quality
MP3 compression principle
compress original sound by removing sound signals
that the human ear cannot detect
Characteristics of MP3 file
preserve the quality of a wave file
storage space = 8% to 10% of the original file size
the media is sent in a continuous stream
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Module D: Part A

MPEG Audio layers
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Module D: Part A

MP3 player
Winamp
Windows Media Player
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Module D: Part A

CD extracting
software
turn hard disks
into a MP3
storage centre
CDex
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Module D: Part A

Real Audio (RA)
a streaming audio format
developed by Real
Networks
deliver high quality music
on the web
a compressed audio
format
can only be played by
RealPlayer
provide different bit rates
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Module D: Part A
4.3 Balancing between File Size and

Audio Quality
MIDI
the output sound quality is independent of the size
of the MIDI file itself
the quality of the hardware affects the sound
quality
Wave
the file size is determined by
sampling rate
sample size
number of channel
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Module D: Part A

Audio Quality
Uncompressed file size of a 10-second stereo
wave file under different sampling rates and
sample size
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Module D: Part A

Audio Quality
The size of a MP3 file is approxmiately
proportional to the encoding bit rate
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Module D: Part A
4.4 Making Audio Elements Fit Our

Needs
Different audio file formats
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Computer and Information Technology for (HKCEE) Module D
END

Module D Power Point ModD - ch04 - Eng

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Computer and Information Technology for (HKCEE) Module D

4.1Different Audio Attributes

4.1 Different Audio Attributes

4.1 Different Audio Attributes

4.1 Different Audio Attributes

the more accurate the higher the

4.1 Different Audio Attributes

4.1 Different Audio Attributes

4.1 Different Audio Attributes

4.1 Different Audio Attributes

Ulead Audio Editor

4.1 Different Audio Attributes

audio file size

4.2 Common Audio File Formats

4.2 Common Audio File Formats

4.2 Common Audio File Formats

Looking for trumpet’s sample Trumpet sound samples

MIDI instructions Signal processor Trumpet music

4.2 Common Audio File Formats

4.2 Common Audio File Formats

4.2 Common Audio File Formats

4.2 Common Audio File Formats

4.2 Common Audio File Formats

4.2 Common Audio File Formats

4.2 Common Audio File Formats

4.3 Balancing between File Size and

4.3 Balancing between File Size and

4.3 Balancing between File Size and

4.4 Making Audio Elements Fit Our

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