L1N601S11CS

OEFINITION, BRANCHE5 and HI5TORY

What is L1N601S11CS
the scientific study of |anguage.
answers the questions: What is |anguage?"
and How is |anguage represented in
mind?"
a socia| science that shares common ground
with other socia| sciences such as
psycho|ogy, anthropo|ogy, socio|ogy, and
archaeo|ogy.
may a|so inf|uence other discip|ines~
though can be considered as a cognitive
science.
NCH5S 0i L1N601S11CS
HONETIC5
HONOLOGY
MORHOLOGY
LEXICOGRAHY
5YNTAX
5EMANTIC5
RAGMATIC5
5OCIOLINGUI5TIC5
OI5COUR5E ANALY5I5
5TYLI5TIC5
LITERARY 5TYLI5TIC5
5YCHOLINGUI5TIC5
NEUROLINGUI5TIC5
HI5TORICAL LINGUI5TIC5
ALIEO LINGUI5IC5
COMUTATIONAL
LINGUI5TIC5
H1S10 0i L1N601S11CS
L^8l1L8 u1S108Y {u0uWLS1L8u 18^01110uS)
MesooLumlun, Chlnese und Arublc
leurnlng deulL wlLh grummur.
Chlnese hllologlcul scholurs
cenLered on honeLlcs, wrlLlng und
lexlcogruhy.
SunskrlL LrudlLlon hus hud un
lmucL on modern llngulsLlc
scholurshl.
8LLk ^u0 80M^u ^u11qu11Y
mergence ls less cleurly known.
MosL ofLen uLlllzed ln llLeruLure und
LexL crlLlclsms by Lhe Alexundrlun
who comleLed Lhe develomenL
of he clusslcul Creek grummuLlcul
LrudlLlon.
010uYS1uS 1u8^x {
u0
CLu1u8Y 8C)
roduced Lhe flrsL sysLemuLlc
grummur of WesLern LrudlLlon
(deulL only wlLh word morhology)
Culled grummur us Lhe
ucquulnLunce wlLh whuL ls uLLered
by oeLs und wrlLers
He deflned u senLence us u unlL of
sense or LhoughL buL ls dlfflculL Lo
be sure of hls reclse meunlng.
1uL Lu80L^u M100lL ^LS
MosL mlsundersLood und
neglecLed erlod ln llngulsLlcs.
Lurlng Lhls eru, grummurluns
wondered wheLher grummur wus
Lhe sume for ull lunguuges.
1uL 8Lu^1SS^uCL
A Llme of greuL roserlng of Lhe
fleld of llngulsLlcs.
1he newly recognlzed vernuculur
lunguuges of uroe und Lhe exoLlc
lunguuges of oLher ureus llke New
World were becume uvulluble Lo
grummmurluns.

`
CLu1u8Y {C0M^8^11vL ML1u00)
Crummurluns were uble Lo comure
dlfferenL lunguuges und cume u wlLh Lhe
reullzuLlon LhuL oLher lunguuges evolved
fromu cerLuln lunguuge.
Cermun scholur 1ucob Crlmm, followlng
llngulsL Rusmus Rusk olnL ouL LhuL Lhere
were u loL of sysLemuLlc corresondence
beLween Lhe sounds of Creek, LuLln und
SunskrlL ln reluLed words.
HumboldL's Lheory of lnner 8 ouLer
lunguuge.

1u
CLu1u8Y S18uC1u8^l1SM
S1RUC1URAL LlNCUlS1lCS from URO
begun wlLh lerdlnund de Suussure's work
(Course ln Cenerul LlngulsLlcs) und cun be
summed u ln z dlchoLomles ( ) lungue vs.
urole und (z) formvs. subsLunce.
AMRlCAN SLrucLurul LlngulsLs were
concerned wlLh Lhe consLrucLlon of u
generul Lheory of Lhe sLrucLure of humun
lunguuge Lhun Lhey were wlLh rescrlblng
sound meLhodologlcul rlnclles of unulysls
of unfumlllur lunguuge.
18^uSI08M^110u^l 8^MM^8
1he mosL slgnlflcunL develomenL
ln llngulsLlc Lheory und reseurch.
z verslons:
sL
by Zelllg Hurrls 8 z
nd
by NoumChomsky.
Cun be seen us u reucLlon ugulnsL
osL-8loomsfleldlun sLrucLurullsm
whlch deuls wlLh behuvlorlsLlc
urouch Lo Lhe sudy of lunguuge.
1^MLM1CS
1he sysLem of llngulsLlc unulysls
develoed by U.S. llngulsL KenneLh
L. lke und ussocluLes ln
connecLlon wlLh Lhelr work us 8lble
LrunsluLors.
Hus been used for unulyzlng u
greuL muny revlously unrecorded
lunguuges.