Internal and External of Routers

Routers: Router is a device which makes communication possible between two or more different networks present in different geographical locations. It connect LAN to WAN. And it uses Data packet transmission Two types of routers:1. Software Routers. 2. Hardware Routers. Manufacturers of Hardware Routers:1.Juniper 2.CISCO 3.Jennifer 4. D-link 5. H.P

Cisco produces three layers Routers:(Ciscos Hierarchical structure )

Core Layer Routers:e.g.7600,8000,9000,10000,12000. Distribution Layer Routers:e.g.2650,3200,3400,3600,3800,6440,7200 Access Layer Routers:e.g.800,1600,1700,2500,2600..

Categories of Router: Routers are Categorized into 2 Categories

1. Modular 2. Non-modular

Modular :- up gradations can be done , empty slots are available e.g. 1720, Above 2600 series Non-modular :- No up gradations can be done, fixed ports are present. E.g. 700series ..to 2500series Routers.

Internal Configuration:POST ROM It checks the Hardware of Router Bootstrap program is located here.It is like BIOS in computer and Size is up to 1.5MB

FLASH
NVRAM RAM

Internet work operating system developed by cisco stored here.and size 16MB
It is similar to Hard disk. Permanent or Startupconfig stored here.And size up to 32KB Temporary or Running-config stored here.And size is 2MB - 8MB.

Ports of Routers:Three types of port are present: LAN Ports:1. AUI (Attachment unit interface):-15pin 2. Ethernet port

WAN Ports:1. Serial port;-(s0, s1..) 2. BRI:- For ISDN RJ45 60-pin

Administrative Ports:1. Console port 2. Aux Port

Modes of Routers: User Mode:Only some monitoring

Privileged Mode:monitoring and some troubleshooting

Global Configuration mode:All Configuration

Interface mode:Configuration of that interface

Rommon Mode:Password recovery

Initial Configuration: How to change Telnet password:BANGLORE#config t

BANGLORE(config)#line vty 0 4
BANGLORE(config-line)#login BANGLORE(config-line)#password ccna/ccnp/cisco BANGLORE(config-line)#exit

How to change console password:BANGLORE#config t

BANGLORE(config)#line console 0

BANGLORE(config-line)#login
BANGLORE(config-line)#password ccna/ccnp/cisco BANGLORE(config-line)#exit

 How to change Aux password:BANGLORE#config t BANGLORE(config)#line aux 0 BANGLORE(config-line)#login BANGLORE(config-line)#password ccna/ccnp/cisco BANGLORE(config-line)#exit

How to change enable password:BANGLORE#config t BANGLORE(config)#enable password ccna/ccnp/cisco BANGLORE(config)#exit

 How to assign IP address to serial port:BANGLORE#config t BANGLORE(config)#interface serial 0 BANGLORE(config-if)#ip add 11.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 BANGLORE(config-if)#no shutdown BANGLORE(config-if)#bandwidth 64 BANGLORE(config-if)#clockrate 64000 BANGLORE(config-if)#exit

How to assign IP address to Ethernet port:BANGLORE#config t BANGLORE(config)#interface ethernet 0 BANGLORE(config-if)#ip add 11.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 BANGLORE(config-if)#no shutdown BANGLORE(config-if)#bandwidth 64 BANGLORE(config-if)#exit

show commands:show commands works only on priviledge mode router#show running-config router#show startup-config router#sh flash router#sh version router#sh controllers int s0 router#sh int e0 router#sh int s0 router#sh ip route

WAN Interfaces

DCE Data communication equipment. It generates clocking. Master. E.g. of DCE device in leased line setup:V.35&G.703 modems & Exchange (modems and mux) e.g.of DCE device in Dialup setup:Dialup modem

DTE Data terminal equipment. It accept clocking Slave. E.g. of DTE device in leased line setup is Router. E.g. of DTE device in Dialup setup is computer