BY: NAVJOT KAUR

No physical link or wire Radio Communication Examples of Wireless Communication Systems used in everyday life are Garbage door opener, remote controllers for home entertainment equipment, cordless telephones, walkie-talkie, pagers and cellular telephones.

Mobile: Any radio terminal that could be moved during operation and is attached to a high moving (speed) mobile platform e.g. a cellular telephone in a fast moving vehicle. Subscriber: A user who pays subscription charges for using a mobile communication system. Roamer: A mobile station which operates in a service area other than that from which the service has been subscribed.

Base Station: A fixed station in a mobile radio system for radio communication with mobile stations. They are located at the center or on the edge of a coverage area (or region) and consist of radio channels and transmitter and receiver antennas mounted on a tower Forward Channel: Radio channel used for the transmission of information from the base station to mobile.

Reverse Channel: Radio channel used for the transmission of information from the mobile to base station. Control Channel: Radio channels used for the transmission of call setup, call request, call initiation, and other control purposes. Handoff: The process of transferring a mobile station from one channel or base station to another.

Mobile Switching Center (MSC): Switching center which coordinates the routing of calls in a large service area. In a cellular radio system, the MSC connects the base stations and the mobiles to the PSTN or other network. An MSC is also called Mobile Telephone Switching Office(MTSO). Transceiver: A device which is capable of simultaneously transmitting and receiving radio signals.

It may be classified in three categories:

Simplex Systems e.g. pager. Half Duplex system e.g. Walkie-Talkie, Radio Systems. Full Duplex system e.g. Telephones

Simplex Systems: Paging systems, in which messages are received but not acknowledged, are simplex systems. Half Duplex Systems: Half duplex radio systems allow two-way communication, but use the same radio channel for both transmission and reception. But at any time, a user can only transmit or receive information.

The fundamentals features of this system are:

Push-to-talk Release-to-listen

Full Duplex Systems: Such systems allows simultaneous radio transmission and reception between a subscriber and a base station, by providing two simultaneous but separate channels (Frequency division duplexing or FDD) or adjacent time slots in a single radio channel (Time division duplexing or TDD) for communication to and from the user..

Frequency Division Duplexing or FDD: FDD provides simultaneous radio transmission channels for the subscriber and the base station so that they both may constantly transmit by simultaneously receiving signal from one another. Time Division Duplexing or TDD: In this type a single radio channel is shared in such a way with respect to time so that a portion of time is used to transmit from the base station to the mobile and the remaining time is used to transmit from the mobile to the base station.