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  • History

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    api-3781744
    89 vizualizări15 pagini
    This document provides a history of the development of industrial and organizational psychology from the early 1900s to the present. It outlines key events and figures who helped establish the field, including early time and motion studies by Gilbreth, the Hawthorne Studies in the 1920s, and the growth of I/O techniques during World War II. It also discusses the increased government intervention and legislation around employment discrimination beginning in the 1960s, as well as the growing focus on cross-cultural I/O psychology as globalization has increased cultural diversity and interactions in the workplace.

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    This document provides a history of the development of industrial and organizational psychology from the early 1900s to the present. It outlines key events and figures who helped establish the field, including early time and motion studies by Gilbreth, the Hawthorne Studies in the 1920s, and the growth of I/O techniques during World War II. It also discusses the increased government intervention and legislation around employment discrimination beginning in the 1960s, as well as the growing focus on cross-cultural I/O psychology as globalization has increased cultural diversity and interactions in the workplace.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Descărcați ca PPT, PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
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    89 vizualizări15 pagini

    History

    Încărcat de

    api-3781744
    This document provides a history of the development of industrial and organizational psychology from the early 1900s to the present. It outlines key events and figures who helped establish the field, including early time and motion studies by Gilbreth, the Hawthorne Studies in the 1920s, and the growth of I/O techniques during World War II. It also discusses the increased government intervention and legislation around employment discrimination beginning in the 1960s, as well as the growing focus on cross-cultural I/O psychology as globalization has increased cultural diversity and interactions in the workplace.

    Drepturi de autor:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Descărcați ca PPT, PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
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    din 15

    HISTORY OF

    INDUSTRIAL
    PSYCHOLOGY
    History of I/O
    –Early Years (1900-1916)
    –pure research only
    –W.L. Bryan advocated
    studying
    skills rather than problems
    Frank & Lillian Gilbreth
     Pioneered time &
    motion studies
    1908
     First noted
    humans as most
    important element
    in industry
    Fathers of I/O Psychology
     Walter Dill Scott—
    highly respected as
    scientist and
    practitioner
     books on ad/sales
    psychology
    Fathers of I/O
     Frederick W. Taylor
     Realized value of
    redesigning work
    situation to increase
    productivity
     Created work breaks
    Fathers of I/O

    – Hugo Munsterberg
    – German psychologist, applied 
    experimental methods to 
    perception, attention
    – Book focused on worker 
    selection, designing work 
    situations, psych in ad sales
    World War I
     companies formed to
    promote psych to industry
     1921 Psy Corp Cattell still open

     Yerkes developed Army Alpha

    and Army Beta tests 
    Hawthorne Studies­1924
     greatest single episode in formation
    of industrial psychology
     some think flawed but still important

     lighting and efficiency

    – productivity increased no
    matter how varied indep.
    – initiated 4 other major studies
    Hawthorne Results
    WORLD WAR II (1941-45)
    –army approached first
    –Army Gen Classification
    Test
    –benchmark in group testing
    –also worked to increase
    prod
    –of workers left at home
    –springboard for refining i/o
    techniques
    Toward Specialization (1946-
    63)
     evolved into legit field of
    scientific
    inquiry increasing academic
    courses
     explosive growth working
    w/defense industry 50-60
    Government Intervention (1964-
    now)
    – 1964 Civil Rights Act and Title VII
    – CRA broad based to reduce unfair
    discrimination of minorities
    – VII addressed employment discrimination
    – by 1978 guidelines for all employers—
    tests, interviews,apps
    – 1990 ADA signed into law
    – author supports govt. intervention, as it
    has broadened the field of I/O and
    forced to be accountable
    – What do you think?
    Cross-Cultural I/O Psychology
     100 K U.S. companies overseas
     1/3 of profit from overseas

     1/6 of jobs overseas

     1985-88: 25-40% of U.S.


    managers failed overseas
    because of cultural differences
    Cultural Diversity
     1/3 of work force in U.S. black and
    hispanic
     Increase in immigrants from Europe

     More U.S. companies acquired by


    foreign through acquisitions and
    mergers
     Increase in technology has reduced
    time needed for communication and
    increased cross-cultural
    communication and exposure
    Cultural Variations
     Western cultures value meaningful
    work and a challenge
     Jobs providing opportunities for
    affiliation more appealing in other
    cultures
     Questions for the I/O Psychologists:
     Are cultures geographically based?
     Will Western theories work for
    others?
     Is the nature/meaning of work

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