Andreas Renberg Studios

Presents
A Vroman Production
Of
Human Development

Andreas Renberg
A4 Biology I
Mr. Vroman
 Human Development Overview
• Zygote - the point of conception, fertilization
• Blastocyst - the period between conception and embryonic
stages
• Embryo - the embryonic period starts at three weeks and
continues until the end of the 8th week of pregnancy
• Fetus - the fetal stage begins at the end of the 8th week and
continues until childbirth
• Birth
• Neonate (newborn) (0-30 days)
• Infant (baby) (1 month-1 year)
• Toddler (1-4)
• Primary school age (also called prepubescence) (4-12)
• Adolescence and puberty (teenage) (13-19)
 Zygote
• A zygote is a cell that is the
result of fertilization. That is,
two haploid cells merge into a
single diploid cell called the
zygote.
• Animal zygotes undergo mitotic
cell divisions to become an
embryo.
• Other organisms may undergo
meiotic cell division.
 Blastocyst

• The blastocyst has an inner

cell mass, or embryoblast,
and an outer cell mass, or
trophoblast.
• The human blastocyst is
made up of about 70 to 100
cells.
Blastocyst embryo on day 5
 Embryo – 1 to 3 Weeks
• 5-7 days after fertilization, the blastula attaches
to the wall of the uterus.
• When it comes into contact with the
endometrium and implants itself there, the
connections between the mother and the
embryo will begin to form, including the
umbilical cord.
• The embryo's growth centers around an axis,
which will become the spine and spinal cord.
 Embryo – 4 Weeks
• By four weeks, the embryo has a
head, tail, backbone and limb
buds - which will eventually
become arms and legs.
• The beginnings of ears and eyes
are also visible.
• Its heart is already beating, and
the other organs are forming
fast.
• An umbilical cord starts to grow
between the embryo and the
placenta. Human embryo after 4 weeks
 Embryo – 5 to 6 Weeks
• Neurogenesis, the
development of brain cells,
starts. Brain wave activity can
be measured at about the 6th
week.
• The heart becomes more
developed, and begins to beat.
• The head measures to about
one half of the embryo's total
length, and more than half of
the embryo's mass.
Human embryo after 6 weeks
 Embryo – 7 to 8 Weeks
• The embryo's blood type becomes
apparent.
• Myogenesis, the formation of
muscular tissue, and neurogenesis
have progressed to where the
embryo is capable of early
reflexes and other motion.
• The eyes form, but not the eyelids.
• Lungs begin to form.
• Organogenesis, the development
of the internal organs, and growth
continue.
• At the end of the 8th week, the Human embryo after 7 weeks
embryonic stage is over, and the
fetal stage begins.
 Fetus – 9 Weeks
• All major structures, including
hands, feet, head, brain, and other
organs are present, but they
continue to grow, develop, and
become more functional.
• The fetus bends the head, and also
makes general movements.
• The arms and legs are long and
thin.
• The hands can make a fist with
fingers.
• Red blood cells are produced.
Fetus after 9 weeks
 Fetus – 10 to 15 Weeks
• The breathing-like movement of the fetus is necessary for
stimulation of lung development, rather than for obtaining
oxygen.
• At nine weeks, the fetus is able to bend fingers around an
object; in response to a touch on the foot, the fetus will
bend the legs or curl the toes to move away from the
object.
• The face is well-formed and develops a more human
appearance.
• Eyelids close and remain closed for several months.
• Tooth buds appear.
• More muscle tissue and bones have developed, and the
bones become harder.
 Fetus – 16 to 25 Weeks
• Eyebrows, eyelashes,
fingernails, and toenails
appear.
• The fetus has increased
muscle development.
• The nervous system
develops enough to control
some body functions.
• The respiratory system has
developed to the point where
gas exchange is possible.
Human embryo after 18 weeks
 Fetus – 26 Weeks to Birth
• The amount of body fat
rapidly increases.
• Thalamic brain connections,
which mediate sensory input,
form.
• Bones are fully developed,
but are still soft and pliable.
• Fingernails reach the end of
the fingertips.
• Head hair becomes coarse
and thicker.
 Sources
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_cognitive_development
• http://www.visembryo.com/baby/index.html
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_development
• http://www.scienceclarified.com/El-Ex/Embryo-and-Embryonic
• http://www.spuc.org.uk/ethics/abortion/human-development
• http://
www.learningplaceonline.com/stages/organize/Erikson.htm