MICROWAVE DEVICES

IRINEO P. QUINTO
ECE / REE
MICROWAVE TUBES
 KLYSTRON
AMPLIFIER BUNCHER CAVITY CATCHER CAVITY
 AMPLIFIES
MICROWAVE
SIGNAL USING
VELOCITY
MODULATION
 FORMS HIGH DRIFT SPACE
VELOCITY
ELECTRONS
 TYPICAL
EFFICIENCY: 30-
45%; MAX=70%
 0.5 – 6.4 GHz
MICROWAVETUBES
 REFLEX KLYSTRON
 LOW POWER, LOW
EFFICIENCY OUTPUT
MICROWAVE
OSCILLATOR REPELLER
 4-200 GHz
 <10% EFFICIENCY
ANODE
 TYP Po=100 Mw
T = n + 3/4

T – transit time
n – any integer
MICROWAVE TUBES
 A DIODE WHICH USES  TYPES OF:
THE INTERACTION OF  HOLE & SLOT
MAGNET AND  VANE
ELECTRIC FIELDS IN A  RISING SUN
COMPLEX CAVITY TO  COAXIAL
PROVIDE
OSCILLATIONS
 10 MW – UHF; 2MW –
X-BAND; 80 Kw – 95
GHz
 EFFICIENCY OF 50-
60%
MICROWAVE TUBES
 TRAVELING WAVE TUBE  CROSS FIELD AMPLIFIER
(TWT) (CFA)
 THE INTERACTION BETWEEN  CROSS BETWEEN THE
THE BEAM AND THE RF FIELD
IS CONTINUOUS TWT & MAGNETRON
 CAN BE USED AS A LOW-  PULSED TYPE 1-18 GHz,
LEVEL, LOW NOISE AMPLIFIER 5MW – UHF, 70%; 1
OR AS A HIGH POWER ONE,
EITHER CW OR PULSED
MW – X BAND, 55%
 2 – 16 GHz, 30-45 dB GAIN,  BACKWARD WAVE
F=4-10 dB, 10-100 mW OSCILLATOR (BWO)
 CW 1-100 GHz, UP TO 10 kW,
25-35% effy  SHORTER & THICKER
 PULSED 2-40 GHz,1-250 kW TWT
 MICROWAVE CW
OSCILLATOR
 1-1000 GHz
SEMICONDUCTOR MICROWAVE
DEVICES
 TRANSISTOR  GUNN DIODE
 2-4 GHz, 9W, 12-8  WORKS ON THE
dB PRINCIPLE OF
 29.5-32.5 dB at 4-6 TRANSFERRED
GHz, 15 mW ELECTRON EFFECT
 FET – G=10dB, 9-15  MADE WITH GaAs
GHz, F=7-14 dB AND InP
 PARAMETRIC
 CW 4-75 GHz (1.5W
AMPLIFIER – 50 mW), 12-2%
(TYP EFFY: 2.5-5%)
 USES A DEVICE
WHOSE REACTANCE
SUCH THAT THE
AMPLIFICATION
RESULTS
SEMICONDUCTOR MICROWAVE
DEVICES
 IMPACT AVALANCHE &  OTHER MICROWAVE
TRANSIT TIME DIODE DIODES
(IMPATT)  TUNNEL
 MADE OF Si OR GaAs  VARACTOR
 WORKS LIKE TUNNEL  SCHOTTKY BARRIER
DIODE  PIN
 TRAPPED PLASMA
AVALNCHE TRIGERRED
TRANSIT TIME DIODE
(TRAPATT)
 PULSED – 600 W, 1
GHz, 75% (TYP:30%)
WAVEGUIDES
 A HOLLOW METALLIC  ADVANTAGES
TUBE USED TO  EASIER TO
PROPAGATE SIGNALS FABRICATE THAN
TYPICALLY FROM 3- COAXIAL LINE
100 GHz BAND  NO FLASHOVER
 TRANSMIS MULTIPLE  BETTER POWER
SIGNAL OVER THE HANDLING
SAME FREQUENCY BUT CAPABILITY (10X AS
IN DIFFERENT MODES MUCH AS COAXIAL
LINE)
 LOWER POER LOSS
 HIGHER OPERATING
FREQUENCY
BASIC TYPES OF WAVEGUIDES
 RECTANGULAR MODES OF PROPAGATION

TRANSVERSE ELECTRIC
(TEmn) 0R H-MODE
Zo = 120π / 1 – (λ/λo)2

λo = 2 / (m/a)2 + (n/b)2
Vg = C sinθ
TRANSVERSE MAGNETIC
Vp = C/sinθ (TM) 0R E-MODE

VgVp = C2 Zo = 120π 1 – (λ/λo)2

DOMINANT MODE
 THE MODE YIELDING  CIRCULAR WAVEGUIDE
THE LONGEST CUT-OFF  BIGGER CROSS
WAVELENGTH SECTION THAN
RECTANGULAR
 POSSIBILITY OF PLANE
TE10 & TM11 - RECTANGULAR OF POLARIZATION TO
ROTATE DUE TO
DISCONTINUITIES OR
TE11 & TM01 - CIRCULAR ROUGHNESS
 EASIER TO
MANUFACTURE THAN
Λo = 2πr / (KR) - CIRCULAR RECTANGULAR
 EASIER TO JOI
TOGETHER
OTHER MICROWAVE DEVICES
 RIDGED WAVEGUIDE  FLEXILE WAVEGUIDES
 SINGLE OR DOUBLE (ELLIPTICAL
RIDGE TYPE LOWERS WAVEGUIDE)
THE VALUE OF THE  MAYBE BENDED,
CUT-OFF WAVELENGTH, TWISTED OR STRECTH
HENCE DECREASES THE  DOES NOT REUIRE
GUIDE’S SIZE JOINS AND SEPARATE
 INCREASES THE BENDS
USEFUL FREQUENCY  ALMOST THE SAME
RANGE POWER HANDLING
 REDUCE THE PHASE ABILITY, ATTENUATION
VELOCITY AND SWR THAN
 HIGHER LOSS THAN RECTANGULAR
ORDINARY
RECTANGULAE
WAVEGUIDE
OTHER MICROWAVE DEVICES
 FLANGE  TAPER & TWIST
 USED TO JOIN SECTIONS
WAVEGUIDES  JOIN WAVEGUIDES
TOGETHER TO WITH DIFFERENT
ENSURE A SMOOTH DIMENSINS OR
MECHANICAL CROSS SECTIONAL
JUNCTION (LOW SHAPES
LEAKAGE &
REFLECTIONS)
 JUNCTIONS
 H-PLANE T (SHUNT)
 E-PLANE T (SERIES)
 HYBRID / MAGIC T
OTHER MICROWAVE DEVICES
 MATCHING SECTIONS  SLIDE SCREW TUNER
 IRIS (CAPACITIVE /  ATTENUATOR
INDUCTIVE)  SLOTTED LINE
 TUNING SCREW  SWR METER
 APPEARS
CAPACITIVE LESS  ISOLATOR
THAN λ/4 AND  MADE OF FERRITE
INDUCTIVE IF
MORE THAN λ/4
 CIRCULATOR
 SIMILAR TO
ISOLATOR
 POINT CONTACT
DIODE
 USED AS
MIXER/DETECTOR
PROBLEMS
 WHAT WILL BE THE CUT-  IT IS NECESSARY TO
OFF WAVELENGTH FOR PROPAGATE A 10 GHz
THE DOMINANT MODE SIGANL IN A GUIDE
IN RECTANGULAR WHOSE WALL
WAVEGUIDE WHOSE SEPARATION IS 6 cm.
BREADTH IS 10 cm? FOR WHAT IS THE GREATEST
A 2.5 GHz SIGNAL NUMBER OF HALFWAVES
PROPAGATED IN THIS OF ELECTRIC FIELD
GUIDE IN THE INTENSITY WHICH IT
DOMINANT MODE, WILL BE POSSIBLE TO
CALCULATE THE UIDE ESTABLISH BETWEEN
WAVELENGTH, THE THE TWO WALLS?
GROUP AND PHASE
VELOCITIES AND THE
CHARACTERISTIC WAVE
IMPEDANCE?