BROADBAND DIGITAL NETWORKS

By Engr. Awais Ahmed Khowaja

Mehran University of Engineering and Technology,

Jamshoro.

01TL-BATCH
This class will meet: 8.00-10.00 a.m. (Mondays)
10.00-12.00 noon (Tuesdays)

Today's Lecture:
ISDN
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Asynchronous Versus ISDN

SW SW

Channel Channel
bank bank The advantages of
ISDN over analog
connections include:
• Analog converted to digital and back Higher speed
Faster call setup
Cheaper than
SW SW leased lines
Voice and data can
be run
simultaneously

• Digital end­to­end
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 Integrated Services
Small office

Digital  
PBX Telecommuter

Provider
network
Home office 

Central site

• Voice, data, video, and special services
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 ISDN Services and
Channelized E1 and T1
{
}
2B 56/64 kbps
144 
BRI 56/64 kbps
kbps
D 16 kbps

}
23B (T1) or 64 kbps T1 1.544 Mbps 
30B (E1)
PRI each
or
          D 64 kbps E1 2.048 Mbps 
(includes sync)

31 64 kbps
channels
E1 } 2.048 Mbps
(includes sync)

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DS0s T1 } 1.544 Mbps
(includes sync)

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 BRI Call Processing

1 ISDN 3
service provider
Q.931 signaling Q.931 signaling
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2 SS7

B channel
D channel/SS7 signaling
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 BRI Functional Groups and
Reference Points
S T U

TE1 NT2 NT1 LE

ISDN terminal  Customer  Local loop  ISDN local 

equipment premises  terminator exchange
switching 
equipment
R

TE2 TA

Non­ISDN  Terminal 
terminal  adapter
equipment

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Physical Representation of BRI
Reference Points
To non­ISDN
device (TE2) To ISDN
service

R S/T U
TA NT1
4­wire 2­wire
circuit circuit Wall
S/T bus jack

ISDN S/T bus
phone S/T interface as a 
Cisco ISDN
multipoint connection
router

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PRI—Layer 1 Standards and
Reference Points

S/T U
CSU/
TE LE
DSU
ITU­T ITU­T 
I.430 I.431
ANSI 
T1.601

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 ISDN Protocol Layers
D Channel B Channel

Layer 3 DSS1 (Q.931) IP/IPX

HDLC/PPP/FR/
Layer 2 LAPD (Q.921)
LAPB

Layer 1 I.430/I.431/ANSI T1.601

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 ISDN Layer 2
TEI/SAPI Daisy­chain
S/T bus
ISDN
TEI/SAPI LE
NT1

– ITU-T Q.920 and Q.921

– Defines logical link between TE/TA and NT2/LE
– Carries Layer 3 D-channel messages

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 ISDN Layer 3—D Channel
Q.931

Q.931
TE NT1 LT ET

ISDN switch (LE)

• Q.931 defines call control between the TE 
and local switch

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 Q.931 Messaging—Call Setup
Example
Calling Called
party party
Setup
Setup 
Time

acknowledge
Call 
proceeding Setup
ISDN 
service  Call proceeding
provider Alerting
Alerting
Connect
Connect
Connect 
acknowledge Connect 
acknowledge

ISDN ISDN
switch switch
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 Q.931 Messaging—Call
Teardown Example
Calling party Called party
Disconnect
Disconnect
Time

Release

Released ISDN 
service  Released
provider

Release complete

Release complete

ISDN ISDN
switch switch
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 DDR Operation
No
Incoming packet Interesting
?

Yes No
Connected
?
Yes No
Connected
? No Yes
Interface
up?
Reset
Idle Yes
Timer
No
Phone #
?
Yes
Dial

Send

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 Using DDR with ISDN
1.
BRI or
ISDN 
PRI 4. Remote
2. service  router
3. provider

1. Packet arrives
2. Switch packet to DDR interface,
    determine if interesting 
3. If interesting, dial DDR destination via ISDN 
4. Connect to remote router

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ISDN Configuration Tasks
ISDN

– Global configuration
–Select switch type
–Specify traffic to trigger DDR call
– Interface configuration
–Select interface specifications
–Configure ISDN addressing
– Optional feature configuration

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ISDN Configuration Commands
– Set global parameters with this command:
• isdn switch-type
– Set interface parameters with these commands:
• encapsulation ppp

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Selecting the ISDN Switch Type

Router(config)#isdn switch-type switch-type

Router(config-if)#isdn switch-type switch-type

– Specifies the type of ISDN switch with which the

router communicates
– Global or interface command

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 Setting Interface Protocols

Router(config-if)#encapsulation {ppp | hdlc}

• Selects framing for that ISDN BRI 

Router(config-if)#ppp authentication
{pap | chap | ms-chap}

• Selects PPP authentication type 

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 DDR Configuration Tasks
Interesting traffic 
Dial destination
arrives
BRI or
ISDN
PRI service
Remote
provider
router

1. Define interesting traffic
2. Assign interesting traffic definition
to ISDN interface 
3. Define destination 
4. Define call parameters 
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 Defining Interesting Traffic
Router(config)#dialer-list dialer-group-number
protocol protocol-name {permit | deny}
list access-list-number

• Defines interesting packets for DDR

• Associated with the dialer group assigned to the
interface
Router(config-if)#dialer-group group-number

• Assigns an interface to the dialer access group 
specified in the dialer­list command

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