How does a- 3 phase motor works?

3 phase AC voltage will create rotating magnetic field , which will sweep the rotor conductor and a force =BIL Sin Q shall be experienced by rotor. And rotor shall start rotating in the direction of magnetic flux.

How does a 3- phase motor works

At the moment of start because rotor is stationary therefore field created by rotor current shall be stationary hence no emf shall be induced in stator winding and no back emf, therefore full starting current limited by stator impedance shall flow through the motor stator winding.

What happens when motor picks up speed?

As rotor start rotating due to torque experienced by rotor bar due to sweeping flux ,magnetic field created by rotor current shall also rotate along with rotor and this rotating field will cause a back emf in the stator winding. The magnitude of the back emf shall be directly proportional to speed of rotor. That is why as rotor picks up speed stator current start diminishing due to rising back emf.

What happens when motor is near to synchronous speed

When motor is near to synchronous speed back e.m.f will limit the stator current to no load current. This no load current is used to meet frictional and wind losses plus current required to create magnetic plus in iron of stator winding.

What happens when motor is exposed to load

When load is applied to motor , it will slow down the rotor hence field created by rotor shall also slow down and hence back emf shall reduce and this will cause stator current to increase and that in turn will increase rotor current and hence torque applied to rotor. thus as for every action there is opposite reaction as per Newton's law. So increase in load will cause more current to flow through stator winding.

What happens when excessive load is applied?

As the load grows so does the stator current. So motor can not limit stator current at its own. if no protection is there the excessive current either may damage the rotor coupling. If rotor coupling is strong then it will burn the stator winding/rotor bars due to excessive current.

How to prevent damages to motor system

We can protect the motor by two means. 1. Free the coupling if applied torque increases beyond a certain level. Fusible plug in hydraulic coupling. 2. Disconnect the power to motor when stator current rises beyond thermal stability of the motor. By overload relaying.

What happens if rotor is fed by external DC current

If we switch off the power to stator and inject dc current through slip rings to rotor & rotate the rotor near synchronous speed by external device then dc current flowing through rotor winding shall create a magnetic field which will rotate with rotor. This rotating magnetic field when cut by stator winding will induce a 3 phase induce voltage in stator.

What happens when generator is loaded

When load is connected across stator a current will flow and it will create its own magnetic field. This magnetic field will cause a torque in opposite direction of prime mover. As per Newton's law equal amount of torque shall be exerted by prime mover. This is how conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy takes place

Load

LOAD ANGLE

V-BUS

What happens when excitation to rotor is increased

When excitation to rotor is increased and load angle between v-bus and v-gen is kept same (same active power), the extra field current will create stronger magnetic field, rotating with rotor and cut the stator winding, hence magnitude of generator voltage will rise . Since load angle is constant therefore V-gen will rise by increased IX drop. Ix drop is nothing but MVAR . So more MVAR shall be generated by raising excitation current.

Load

VG3
VG2

VG1
ig1
ig2

Load angle

ig3

V grid

Thus we see that for same active power( load angle) , as we Increase excitation following will occur 1. Generator voltage shall rise. 2. MVAR shall increase. 3. Active power shall remain same. I,e V-grid x ig cos phi

What happens when phase sequence is changed?

As the phase sequence of applied voltage is changed direction of rotation of magnetic flux shall reverses , hence so does the force applied on the rotor bar, hence rotor starts rotating in reverse direction.