Activity 10, 11, and

13: Internal Organs

Post-lab Discussion
 be
Fat bodies
lo
er in al
liv bdo
m
ft a
Le t e rior leivin
er
An iddlev
M e
lob
Righ
t live
lobe r

Fat bodies
anterior

Pancreas
heart
lu
ng

ng

th s
st f thOfus du
lu

h
ac m e
h ac
O lorFun
Du
od
en

omsteo
um

Py

Ileum
Large Testis
intestine
posterior
 Spleen

Testis
kidney
(retroperitone
al)
 Ventral
abdominal
vein

oviduct
oviduct
Opening to
the
internal
nares Opening to
the
Eustachian
tube

Orbital Opening to
Prominence the
s esophagus
Opening to
the
esophagus

glottis
 ANSWERS TO
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
ACTIVITY 10: Digestive
System
1. Trace the passage of
food through The
digestive tract.
Mouth Oral cavity Pharynx Esophagus

Stomach

Small intestine

Large intestine

Cloacal opening / vent Cloaca / rectum

2. List down the accessory structures
and glands associated to the
digestion process. What is their
role in digestion.
 Lips  Keeps food in the mouth
 Cheeks  Keeps food in the mouth
 Tongue  gustation, moves food
around the mouth,
 Teeth swallowing
 Salivary  Mastication

glands  Produce saliva

 Pancreas  Produce pancreatic juice
 Liver  Produces bile
 gallbladder  Stores bile
3. Correlate the structural changes in
each segment of the digestive tract
with their function
 Esophagus – muscles change from
skeletal to smooth as it approaches the
stomach
 Stomach – walls have rugae and three
layers of smooth muscles
 Small Intestine – has plicae circulares to
increase absorptive capacity
 Large intestine – has temporary folds
and taeniae coli
 Rectum – very similar to large intestine
 Anal canal – has strat. squamous
epithelium
4. Relate the histological appearance
of the liver and pancreas with their
functions.
 LIVER:
– Lobules produce bile
– Lobules have plates of hepatic cells
– Between the plates are sinusoids
through which bile passes going to the
ducts
– Septa separate each lobule
– Portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct
are found in the septum
4. Relate the histological appearance
of the liver and pancreas with their
functions.
 PANCREAS:
Exocrine pancreas:
– Has centroacinar cells that produce a
water secretion
– Has zymogenic cells that produce
digestive enzymes
Endocrine pancreas:
– Alpha cells produce glucagon
– Beta cells produce insulin
ACTIVITY 11: Respiratory
System
 1. Trace the flow of air from the
nostrils to the alveoli.

Nostril Internal Nares

Pharynx

Larynx bronchi Bronchioles

Terminal bronchioles Alveolar Sac

Alveoli
2. What accounts for the spongy
texture of the lungs?

– It is filled mostly of airspaces bordered

by alveolar walls.
3. What is the functional significance of
the rich blood supply in the walls of
the lungs?

 For efficient collection of oxygen

 For efficient removal of carbon
dioxide from blood.
ACTIVITY 13: Urogenital
System
1. What are the major steps in urine
formation in a nephron?
2. Describe the important processes
involved in gamete formation in
testes and ovaries. What are the
major differences between the
two?
PATHWAY OF URINE:

Glomerulu Glomerul Proximal Loop of

s ar convoluted Henle
capsule tubule

Distal
convoluted Papillary Renal Renal
duct Calyx Pelvis
tubule

Wolffia Cloaca
n
duct
PATHWAY OF EGG CELLS:

Ovary Pleuro- Ostiu Oviduc

peritoneal m t
cavity

Ovisa Cloac
c a
PATHWAY OF SPERM CELLS:

Testis Vas Kidne Vas

efferentia y deferen
s

Cloac
a