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INTRODUCTION
Santiago Callatrava is a renowned Architect and Sculptor. He was born Santiago Calatrava Valls, born 28 July 1951). He is a Spanish Architect, Sculptor and
This study is aimed at understanding the Architectural style and character of his profession with a view to learn the processes involved in contemporary Architecture and to inspire the younger Architects.
We commence by a brief look at his early life and education. Then we shall
consider his career,the works he has done and those that are yet to be completed.then we shall go on to select three of his architectural pieces which we shall study.taking note of the concepts on which he designed them, and how they were achieved. Innovations in the field of technology shall be highlighted and structural design shall be borne in mind as we explore the works.
During his schooldays, he also undertook independent projects with a group of fellow students, bringing out two
Calatrava's early career was largely dedicated to bridges and train stations, whose designs
OUTSTANDING WORKS
Montjuic Communications toweq Lyon-Saint Exupeqy Aiqpoqt Railway station
Auditoqio de Teneqife, spain. Milwaukee aqt museum,Milwau kee,Wisconsin , U.S.A(2001) TGV Tqain Station, .
Liege,
Belgium.
However for the purpose of this study, we shall consider only three of his Architectural pieces and try to analyse and understand the Architectural Concepts at play.
They have been selected on basis of recentness of work and peculiarity of form. They shall be treated under the following headings;
Interior Spaces.
1.0
1.0
The Milwaukee art museum(MAM) is located at 700 N. Art Museum Drive, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States. Originally designed by Eero Saarinen, the museum is home to over 25,000 works of art.
Its permanent holdings contain an
Main level
Calatrava,was inspired by the dramatic, original building by Eero Saarinen, the topography of the city and Frank Lloyd Wrights Prairie-style architecture.1
The cable-stayed bridge pylon and the Quadracci Pavilions building spine are aligned on the same axis and are inclined 48.36 degrees toward the Pavilion.
PAVILION
The mildly-reinforced concrete pavilion supports the back stay beam and east pier of the pedestrian bridge, as well as the A-frames and building spine that in turn
The 100-space underground parking structure features radius-bent, reinforced steel bars and uniform, hand-bent stirrups.
1.6 INNOVATIONS
The structure contains a movable, wing-like brise soleil which opens up for a wingspan of 217 feet during the day, folding over the tall, arched structure at night or during inclement weather.
The Burke Brise Soleil is a moveable, wing-like sunscreen that rests on top of the Museums vaulted, glassenclosed Windhover Hall. The wings open MondaySunday at 10 a.m. with the Museum, close/reopen at noon, and close again with the Museum at 5 p.m.; except on Thursdays when the Museum closes at 8 p.m. This schedule is, however, subject to change without advance notice due to weather, special events,
1.7 INTERIORS..
The inside is just as beautiful as the outside. White marble floors and white walls allow for the self-similar dramatic arches, views and artwork to stand out.2
1.7 INTERIORS..
The halls chancel is shaped like the prow of a ship, with floor-to-ceiling windows looking over Lake Michigan.
1.8 SUMMARY..
According to Santiago Calatrava, in the crowning element of the brise soleil, the buildings form is at once formal (completing the composition), functional (controlling the level of light), symbolic (opening to welcome visitors), and iconic (creating a memorable image for the Museum and the city).
2.0
2.0
2.1
BRIEF HISTORY..
Sondika Bilbao Airport, designed by Santiago Calatrava, opened to traffic on November 19, 2000.
Bilbao Airport is a public airport located 9 km (5.6 mi) north[1] of Bilbao, in the municipality of Loiu, in the Basque Country. It is the most important airport of the Basque Country and northern Spain, with 4,172,903 passengers on 2008 . It is famous for its new main terminal opened in 2000 and designed by Santiago Calatrava.
2.1
SITE PLAN..
2.2
FLOOR PLAN..
2.3
SECTIONS..
The passengers reach the aircrafts by way of the Departure Hall, a soaring structure awash with daylight, and the four-storey Departure Gallery beyond that connects to the concourse,an aluminium wing reminiscent of an aircraft skin, that contain twelve passenger terminal gates.
The Departure Hall, with its ribbed concrete wings, is clear of visual clutter. Struts and wires cast changing patterns of striated shadows on the walls and granite floor.
Concrete hinge pillars are used in line with steel frames that are connected with the use of joints for structural stability.
2.6 INNOVATIONS
Among the innovations are the expansion of the airfield by 500m, enabling the airport to increase its payload operations, and the construction of a new control tower, significantly improving the airport's control facilities. As well as its utilitarian value, the new control tower adds an aesthetic counterpoint to the terminal building. Throughout the development, considerable care and attention has been paid to the surrounding area and environment.
2.6 INNOVATIONS
The layout was designed to limit the impact of auxiliary buildings on the vista of the main building. An elegant four-storey parking structure, with a skylit walkway leading to the Terminal Building, is tucked into a grassy embankment. The entrance to the passenger hall in the new terminal building is 140m long and the hall has a height of 20m. The distance from the entrance to the apron is 26m.
2.7 INTERIORS..1
oReceotion hall
2.7 INTERIORS..2
2.8 SUMMARY..
Basques using the airport widely complain about its lack of an arrivals area, since once passengers clear customs, they step directly outside. However, there is a dramatic viewing gallery raised above the baggage reclaim area, where those waiting to greet passengers can wait and watch as they collect their baggage and leave the terminal. There is often waving and
excitement as relatives or friends scan to see each other from the gallery, and the architect
cites this in defence of his design of the arrivals area.
The Auditorio de Tenerife "Adn Martn", was designed by Architect Santiago Calatrava Valls. It is located on the Avenue of the Constitution in the Canarian capital, Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain), and next to the Atlantic Ocean in the southern part of Port of Santa Cruz de Tenerife. Its Construction began in 1997 and was completed in 2003. The auditorium has been graced by the presence of two prominent people;Felipe de Borbn, Prince of Asturias at its innaugration, and was later visited by former U.S. President Bill Clinton. The building is framed within the tenets of late-modern architecture of the late 20th century.
3.2 MODEL..3
The main hall/symphony hall (1,616 seating capacity) The Chamber Hall. (422 seating capacity)
3.2 MODEL..1
Exterior terrace 1
Exterior terrace 2
3.2 MODEL..2
oThe building takes after the resemblance of a sailing ship which complements the sea side position. It has been said to copy the guggenheim museum in form and even color.
oThe auditorium differs from traditional designs, attempting to surround the listener with sound sources.
trencadis, or broken white ceramics, which cover the structure's entire skin. The
194,000 square feet (18,000 square meters) of trencadis were brought in from
Valencia, Spain.
3.5 INNOVATIONS
oThe symphony hall has a "variable" acoustic system. Surface materials are solid pressed wood covered with fiberglass. This assembly has "windows" that open and close, exposing either the fiberglass material or the wood,
3.6 INTERIORS..1
3.6 INTERIORS..2
3.6 INTERIORS..3
3.7 SUMMARY
The building is normally lit in bright white at night, but more colorful lighting is used on special occasions. For example, on New Year 2007-2008 the auditorium was lit in white and yellow, and a clock was projected onto one wing of the building to mark the hours.
On World Diabetes Day, the auditorium
After the building's official opening in September, 2003, events already scheduled are as diverse as Handel's opera Julius Caesar and the International Water
Association Conference. In time, the building itself may become an event, bringing
architectural sightseers to Tenerife.
buildings. some of his buildings take concepts from organic elements such as water, animals
like birds, and even the human body. Callatrava is known for his flowing, curved buildings. Which are exemplaries of fluid
fractals.He uses steel, concrete, and new computer modeling to create compositions that
appear at once natural and structurally impossible.
oIf form follows function was a rallying cry of modern architecture, Callatrava
postmodern structures turn this maxim on its head. His designs suggest stylized natural objectswaves, wings, or sun-bleached skeletons, with rows of white concrete ribs curved into distorted parabolic arches. The true purpose of these dramatic contours are typically
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