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Man survives earthquakes, experiences the horrors of illness, and all of the tortures of the soul. But the most tormenting tragedy of all time is, and will be, the tragedy of the bedroom. Tolstoy
What is ED?
ED is the inability to achieve and maintain an erection adequate for intercourse to the mutual satisfaction of the man and his partner. Remember, both partners in a relationship are affected.
Incidence
20-30 million American men suffer ED Age dependent
2% men age <40 years 25% men age 65 75% men >75 years
Cause of ED
Psychogenic Causes:
Anxiety Depression Fatigue Guilt Stress Marital Discord Excessive alcohol consumption
Causes of ED
Organic Causes
Cardiovascular disease Diabetes mellitus Surgery on colon, bladder, prostate Neurologic causes (lumbar disc, MS, CVA) Priapism Hormonal deficiency
Causes of ED
Risk Factors Massachusetts Male Aging Study
Causes of ED
Hormone Deficiency End Organ Failure Blockage of Blood Vessels Venous Leak
Causes of ED
Spinal cord injuries: 5% - 80% Pelvic and urogenital surgery and radiation Substance abuse Alcohol: >600ml/wk Smoking amplifies other risk factors Medications may be responsible for ~25% of cases of ED Bicycle riding
Causes of ED
Medication: Most common cause of ED in men >50 Many men are polymedicated Also have co-morbid conditions
Causes of ED
Medications (cont.) Anti-hypertensive drugs
All capable Common: thiazides and beta blockers Uncommon: calcium channel blockers, alphaadrenergic blockers, and ACE inhibitors
Causes of ED
Medications (cont.) CNS drugs:
Antidepressants, tricyclics, SSRIs Tranquilizers Sedatives Analgesics
Causes of ED
Medications (cont.) Anticholinergics LHRH agonists (Lupron, Zolladex) Alcohol Tobacco Drug abuse Estrogens, Ketoconazole
Physical exam:
Focused neurovascular exam Size of testis DRE
Lab tests
UA Testosterone, CMP, Lipid panel PSA in men >50 years
Psychogenic Impotence: Younger patient (<40) Preservation of morning erections and nocturnal erections Achieve erection with masturbation May be partner-specific Often sudden onset
Organic ED: Gradual deterioration Decrease in morning erections and nocturnal erections No erections with masturbation No loss of libido Presence of co-morbid conditions
Find out what the patient wants Try to tailor the treatment to the patients needs and wants Etiology rarely affects treatment choice for the patient
Treatment Options
Nonpharmacologic Non-invasive Minimally invasive Invasive Counseling and/or sex therapy
Treatment Options
Oral medications - Viagra, Levitra, Cialis Urethral suppositories (MUSE) Injection therapy - Caverject, Trimix, Bimix Vacuum constriction device Surgery Sex therapy
Medication
(Yohimbine, Yocon, Erex, Yohimex) Alpha 2 andrenoreceptor antagonist Dose: 5.4 mg TID Results: ~20% (same as placebo) Side effects: increase blood pressure, tachycardia, anxiety
Medication Trazodone(Desyrel)
Anti-depressant associated with priapism Mechanism of action nor fully understood Nor FDA approved for ED Side effects: drowsiness, dry mouth, sedation, priapism
Penile Prosthesis
Indications: Patients who have failed other therapies Peyronies disease Severe vasculogenic disease
Malleable Prosthesis
Easy for patient and partner to use Few mechanical parts Same-day surgery usually possible Least expensive type of prosthesis
Penile Prosthesis
Advantages: Low-morbidity Low-mortality surgery Low complication rates High success rates 5% malfunction rate at 5 years High satisfaction rate 87% High partner satisfaction rate
Penile Prosthesis
Advantages (cont.) Good rigidity Freedom from medications Outpatient/24HR surgery Resume sexual activity 4-6 weeks No loss of ability to ejaculate or achieve orgasm
Penile Prosthesis
Disadvantages: Surgery Expensive Possible mechanical failure
Summary
ED is a common problem that affects millions of American men ED can be easily evaluated by the PCP ED can be treated with oral medications by the PCP Patients that do not respond to medical therapy should be referred to a Urologist Penile prosthesis is an effective means of treating ED
Remember
Primary care physician should consider early referral to Urologist if initial treatment is not successful No one needs to suffer the tragedy of the bedroom
Any Questions?