DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH

Name : K.RAMPRASAD
Branch : A.E.I.E
Institution : QQGPT, Hyderabad
Semester : V semester
Subject : LIC applications
Sub. Code : AEI 505
Topic : Applications of operational amplifiers
Duration : 100 min.
Sub. Topic : Comparator circuit
Teaching Aids : PPT, Diagrams and Animations

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 Recap

In the previous class we had studied about

• Isolation amplifier

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 Objectives

Upon the completion of this topic the student will be able to

learn about

• Introduction to comparator
• Operation of circuit diagram of comparator

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 Introduction

• Comparator is also called as voltage level

detector

• It can be analog to digital converter

• It compares a signal voltage on one input of an op-amp

with a known voltage called reference voltage on the
other input.

• Simply it is an open loop op-amp with two control

inputs and a digital outputs
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• The output may be Positive or negative
saturation voltage depending on which input is
larger

• There are two types of comparators

1. Non-inverting comparators.
2. Inverting comparators.

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 Operation

• The figure 1 shows an Op-amp used as a

comparator

• A fixed reference voltage Vref of 1V is applied to

the negative input

• A time varying signal voltage Vin is applied to the

non inverting (+) input
• Because of this arrangement it is called as non
inverting comparator
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Case – 1

• When V1 is less than Vres

• The output voltage V0 is at –Vsat (nearly equal to –

VEE)

• (i.e. Vin < Vref, V0 = -Vsat)

• Why because the voltage at the input (-) is higher

than at the (+) input

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Case – 2

• When Vin is > Vref, The (+) input becomes (+) with respect

to(-) input

• The V0 goes to +Vsat (nearly equal to +Vcc)

• The V0 changes from saturation level to another

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Non –inverting comparator

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• The diodes D1 and D2 protect the Op-amp from

damage due to Excessive input voltage Vin.

• Because of these diodes the difference Voltage Vid

of op-amp is clamped to either 0.7v or-0.7v

• Hence these diodes are called clamp diodes.

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Non inverting comparator input and out put wave foams if
Vref is positive
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Non inverting comparator input and output waveforms if Vref is negative
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 Inverting comparator

INVERTING COMPARATOR CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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 Operation

• This figure shows the inverting comparator

• The reference voltage Vref is applied to the

positive input

• Variable Vin voltage is applied to the negative

input
• Vref is obtained by using a 10 kΩ potentio meter

• It forms a voltage divider method with a network

with +VCC and –VEE AEI505.29 To 30 14
 Operation

• The wiper is connected to the positive input

• If the wiper is moved towards the –VEE, Vref

becomes negative

• If it is moved to ward +VCC, Vref becomes Positive

• If the input is sinusoidal wave form we get a V0

output wave form as shown in figure

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 INVERTING COMPARATOR WITH INPUT
AND OUTPUT WAVEFORMS IF Vref IS
POSITIVE

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INVERTING COMPARATOR WITH INPUT AND OUTPUT
WAVEFORMS
IF V ref IS NEGATIVE

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 Summary

In this class we have learnt about

• Comparator

• Types of comparator

• Operation of comparator

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 Quiz

1. Comparator can be also called as

c) Voltage level detector

d) Analog to digital converter
e) Both
f) None

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 Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is a comparator?

3. How many types of comparators are there?

3. With the help of circuit diagram explain the operations

of Different types of comparators?

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