PPP Basic Pneumatic

PHASE - 1
BASIC PNEUMATICS BASIC PNEUMATICS
PHASE - 2
BASIC ELECTRO - PNEUMATICS
PHASE - 3
MAINTENANCE AND SAFETY
Festo - A Historical Perspective

1925
Festo founded in Esslingen, Germany by Mr. Gottlieb Stoll to manufacture Woodworking machines
1957 Festo Pneumatic Automation components and system solutions (pneumatic and electronics) 1965 Festo Didactic Learning systems for automation
Festo Headquarters in Esslingen Berkheim
Festo - An Independent Family Enterprise

A Globally Active Organisation
Festo Automation Group, internationally represented in over 176 countries. 56 independent Festo companies with over 250 branch offices Turnover of 1.5 Billion Euro, 55% Export. Over 11.500 employees.
Cylinder production and Customer Service Centre Over 300,000 customers in St. Ingbert
in 176 countries. Vocational and further training, 1.5% of personnel budget.
Festo Didactic
Didactic - A Greek word. Means learning. Promotes the use of automation in industry by educating users on the applications and use of standard available products. Festo Didactic has its own product range. Festo Didactic present in over 75 countries Festo Didactic Headquarters in Esslingen- Denkendorf, worldwide. near Stuttgart 100 employees. In India Festo Didactic - The training division of Festo Controls Pvt. Ltd.
Automation in Industry
Choice of Working Media : Pneumatics. Hydraulics. Electricity & Electronics. Combinations of the above.
Combinations of technologies offer synergy. Has the capability of expanding the scope of applications tremendously.
Introduction to Pneumatics
PNEUMA : means breath in Greek
Pneumatics is the name given to the branch of physics which deals with the properties, motions and behavior of air
Energy medium selection criteria
Force exerted Distance through which the force can be applied
Automation in Industry
Media Selection Criteria :
Speed of Operation. Reliability. Service Life. Sensitivity to Environment. Ease of Maintenance. Available Expertise. Training Requirements. Availability Transportability Storability
Explosion proof nature

Cleanliness Overload safety
Compressed Air
The
2nd Largest Energy Source Originates From The Atmosphere Used in Every Industry
Types of Compressors
Reciprocating Piston Compressor.
Up to 6 bar in single stage or 15 bar in two stage.
Sliding Vane Compressor.

Same construction as an air motor.
Screw Compressor.
Up to 10 bar. High capacity.
Radial Flow Compressor.

Automobile applications. Up to 10 bar with multi stage.
Axial Flow Compressor.

Aircraft & Automobile applications. Up to 10 bar.
Pneumatics
Festo Didactic
Compressed air supply: Piston compressor
Safe Working Pressure Test Pressure Identification
To System Pressure Relief Valve (Safety Valve) Shut Off Valve Pressure Gauge
From Compressor Inspection Panel
Water Drain
AIRBORNE CONTAMINATION
DIRT
OIL WATER
Atmospheric Air Contains

140 Million Dirt Particles in Every m3 Unburnt Hydrocarbons (oil)
All Going Into the Air System !
80%
Of This Contamination is Below 2 Micron The smallest size we can see with our eye is 45 microns !!!!
WATER CONDENSATE
1 Cubic metre of Atmospheric Air at 100% RH contains 17.32 gms of water vapour at 20oC
Result
Dirty Contaminated Air In the system
Causing Pipework Contamination & Damage Blocking Valves and Machinery PROBLEMs
Water content in the air
Air Preparation
The aim of proper compressed air preparation is to remove contamination & moisture The air generated from compressor should route through various filters & dryers to attain required quality class FILTERS:
DRYERS:
Pre-filters Service units (FRC) Fine & micro filters Carbon filters
Refrigeration type Adsorption type Membrane type
Requirement of Air Preparation

Water Separation.
Water causes corrosion. Washes away lubrication.
Filtration.
Dust is responsible for abrasion. Reduces the effectiveness of lubricants.
Pressure Regulation.
Constant pressure is required for uniform performance of pneumatic components.
Lubrication.
Lubrication is required to replace lubricant lost due to effects of dust and water over prolonged periods. Reduces internal friction in components.
Filters are not Dryer

1 Cyclone Filter Water and particle is thrown to bowl via centrifugal force. Air is up to 90% clean. 2
Sintered or surface Filter 5um or 40 um Work in series with a cyclone filter. Contaminants larger than the pore size will be trapped.
Fine or micro Filter 1 um or 0.01 um Liquid impinge on the fibres forming larger droplets (coalescing effect) and collected by the foam material shell.
Active carbon Filter Adsorb oil fumes and odours up to 0.003 mg/m. Recommend to install 0.01um micro filter in series.
Pneumatics
Festo Didactic
Dry air outlet
Flux
Condensate Moist air inlet Condensate drain
Air drying: Absorption
Pneumatics
Festo Didactic
Heat exchanger
Air out
Air in Refrigerating unit
Refrigerant
Separator
Refrigerating machine
Air drying, low temperature
Pneumatics
Festo Didactic
Moist air Oil filter
Shut-off valve
Adsorber 1 Hot air
Adsorber 2 Heater
Dry air
Air drying: Adsorption
Pneumatics
Festo Didactic
Intermediate reservoir Supply taken from top of ring main Reservoir within a pneumatic system
Air reservoir Compressor
Service unit
1-2% gradient Consuming devices
Condensate collector tank
Compressed air supply: Delivery
Pneumatics
Festo Didactic
Inlet
Outlet
Filter Element
Baffles
Water Trap Drain
Compressed air filter
Pneumatics
Festo Didactic
Filter pore sizes available Fine filter Micro filter
40m, 15m, 5m 1m 0.01m
Active carbon filter
0.003m
Pneumatics
Festo Didactic
Inlet
Outlet Pressure operation
Valve Body
Vent Spring and
Adjusting screw
Air supply: Pressure regulator with vent
Pneumatics
Festo Didactic
6 Bar
Pneumatics
Festo Didactic
6 Bar
Pneumatics
Festo Didactic
6 Bar
Pneumatics
Festo Didactic
6 Bar
Pneumatics
4 Bar
Festo Didactic
6 Bar
Pneumatics
Festo Didactic
6 Bar
Pneumatics
Festo Didactic
6 Bar
Pneumatics
Festo Didactic
6 Bar
Pneumatics
Festo Didactic
6 Bar
Pneumatics
Festo Didactic
6 Bar
Pneumatics
Festo Didactic
4 Bar
6 Bar
Pneumatics
Festo Didactic
4 Bar
6 Bar
Pneumatics
Festo Didactic
4.5 Bar
6 Bar
Pneumatics
Festo Didactic
4.5 Bar
6 Bar
Pneumatics
Festo Didactic
4 Bar
6 Bar
Pneumatics
Festo Didactic
Used to set the pressure on the system downstream Venting type also acts as pressure relief or limiting valve Should be set to the pressure that is just sufficient to do the job (too high a setting costs money) Not to be adjusted to change speed or used as a shut off valve
Pneumatics
Festo Didactic
Air lubricator
Pneumatics
Festo Didactic
Air lubricator
Pneumatics
Festo Didactic
Used to introduce droplets of oil in to the air flow. pneumatic equipment runs on oil free air) Used for high or low speed applications Once lubrication has been started, it must be continued
(Most
Adjustments should be made whilst checking the effect on the valve furthest from the lubricator.
Air lubricator
Filter Service Unit - Includes Pressure Regulator

Lubricator
Filter
Pressure Regulator
Lubricator
Service Unit
Symbols for Power Supply Elements
ISO Air Quality Classes

ISO:8573-1 The New Standard Covers The Removal of
Dirt Particulate Water Oil
ISO Specification Chart

Class Particulate Dewpoint Max Oil Content o Micron C mg/m3 1 0,1 -70 0,01 2 1 -40 0,1 3 5 -20 1 4 15 +3 5 5 40 +7 25 6 --+10 ---7
DEWPOINT
The temperature below which condensation will occur.
How Does it Work ?

You require Air Quality to: ISO 8573 : 1 Quality Class
1. 3. 2.
ISO Specification Chart

Class Particulate Dewpoint Max Oil Content Micron Degrees C mg/m3 1 0,1 -70 0,01 2 1 -40 0,1 3 5 -20 1 4 15 +3 5 5 40 +7 25 6 --+10 ---7
Quality Class
1. 3. 2.
From The Chart You Can See You Need

Particulate Removal - 1 0.1 micron Dewpoint requirement - 3 o -20 C Max Remaining Oil Content - 2 3 0.1 mg/m
Advantages of Compressed Air
Transport
Air can be easily transported in pipelines, even over large distances
Storage
A compressor need not be in continuous operation. Compressed air can be stored in a reservoir and removed as required. The reservoir can be transportable.
Temperature
Compressed air is relatively insensitive to temperature fluctuations.
This ensures reliable operation, even under extreme conditions.
Explosion Proof
There is minimal risk of explosion or fire. No expensive protection against explosion is required.
Cleanliness
Unlubricated exhaust air is clean. Any unlubricated air does not cause contamination. Useful in food, wood and textile industries.
Components
Operating components are of simple construction and therefore relatively inexpensive.
Speed
Compressed air is a very fast working medium. High working speeds can be obtained.
Adjustable
With compressed air components speeds and forces are infinitely variable.
Overload safe
Pneumatic tools and operating components can be loaded to the point of stopping and therefore overload safe.
Disadvantages of compressed air
Preparation
Compressed air requires good preparation. Dirt and condensate should not be present.
Compressible
It is not always possible to achieve uniform and constant piston speeds with compressed air.
Force requirement
Compressed air is economical only up to a certain force requirement. At 6-7 bar, and dependent on the travel and speed, the output limit is between 20000 and 30000 Newtons.
Noise level
The exhaust air is loud.
The problem is largely solved with silencers.
Costs
Compressed air is a relatively expensive means of conveying power. The high energy costs are partially compensated by inexpensive components and higher performance.
Compressed Air as a Working Medium

Advantages:
Air is available everywhere Compressed air is easily conveyed in pipelines over large distances Compressed air need not be returned Compressed air is insensitive to temperature fluctuations Compressed air is explosion proof Compressed air is clean Compressed air is fast
Disadvantages:
Compressed Air as a Working Medium
Straight line movement can be produced directly. Compressed air is a relatively expensive means of conveying energy
Compressed air requires good conditioning

It is only economical up to a certain force expenditure.
Air is compressible. Exhaust air is loud (reduced by using silencers).

The oil mist mixed with air for lubricating purposes exhaust or escapes to the atmosphere
PRESSURE is set to provide the FORCE using the formula. Pressure = Force (load on cylinder) Piston area Usually 10% is added on to account for frictional resistance.
Cylinder is selected to give :-
Length of stroke
Force Using the formula Force = Pressure x Area of Piston
Force Calculations
Cylinder Force Calculations [171] :
Force is proportionate to . . . .
Air Pressure. Area of the piston.
Effective force is reduced due to internal friction.
Force produced by a double acting cylinder in either direction is always more than that of a single acting cylinder of the same dimensions.
Air Distribution Considerations :

Flow Rate. Distance of transmission. Permissible pressure loss. Minimum operating pressure.
Number of air take off points.
Air Leakage and its Effects

Typical Sources of Air Leakage :
Metal pipe joints and flanges. Connectors & fittings. Cracked tubes. Loosened components. Defective gaskets or O rings.
Effects of Air Leakages :

Increased power consumption of compressor. Drop of pressure in long pipelines. Hence drop in performance of equipment. Pressure fluctuations. Additional costs incurred to counter its effects.
Drawing Functional Block Diagrams

LS1 LS2
QE
FC
5/2 Way
LS1
Timer
PB
LS2
Block diagrams are more easily understood by a layman. No knowledge of symbols is necessary. They are faster and easier to draw. Corrections are also easier to make. A block diagram can be easily converted into a circuit diagram. Individual blocks in a diagram may represent a single item, or multiple items, performing a certain function.
Correct Method of Drawing Circuits
Energy supply
Compressor with fixed capacity
Air receiver and T junction
Air service equipment

Air filter
Air lubricator
Pressure regulator
Air service equipment

Air service unit filter Regulator Gauge Lubricator Simplified air Service unit
Port Numbering and Lettering System

Number Letter
1 3, 5 2, 4 10 12 14
Reserved for Pressure Source.
(R)S, R Reserved for exhaust ports. (A)B, A Reserved for working ports. Y Y, Z Z Port 1 closed. Port 1 connects to port 2. Port 1 connects to port 4.
As a general rule Odd numbers are at the bottom and Even numbers on the top.
Valve Description
Number of Ports Number of Control positions

(Number of Boxes)
3 2
Push Button Spring
Method of Operation Method of Return
Valve Description
Number of Ports Number of Control positions

(Number of Boxes)
3 2
Push Button Spring Normally Closed
Flow path blocked when valve is at rest
Method of Operation Method of Return
Flow path open when valve is at rest
Normally closed or Normally open
Valve Description
3 / 2 way valve
Push Button operated Spring Return Normally closed
3 2
Ports Control Positions Operated Return
Push Button Spring

Normally
Closed
5 3 Double Pilot
Ports Control Positions Operated
Spring Centred Closed (Closed centre)
Neutral Position
4 2 Double Pilot
Ports Control Positions
Operated
3 2 Roller Spring
Normally
Open
3 3 Lever / Detent Closed (Closed centre)
Neutral Position
2 2 Lever Spring
Normally
Closed
5 2 Foot Pedal Spring
14 5 2 Differential Pilot Priority to port 14
12
3 2 Roller with idle return
Spring
Normally
Return
Closed
Pilot Operated Non Return Valve

2
21 1
Non Return Valve

Check valve
Spring loaded check valve Shuttle valve: or function
Non Return Valve

Two pressure valve: AND function
Quick exhaust valve
Flow Control valve
Flow control valve adjustable One-way flow control valve
Pressure Valve
Adjustable pressure regulating valve, non-relieving type
Adjustable pressure regulating valve, relieving type (overloads are vented)
Auxiliary symbols
Exhaust port Exhaust port with threaded connection Silencer
Line connection
Auxiliary symbols
Crossing lines (not connected) Pressure gauge
Visual indicator
Structure of pneumatic control
Elements in a Pneumatic System

Hierarchy of Elements
Flow Control Valve Quick Exhaust Valve
Flow Control Valve Quick Exhaust Valve
Pneumatic Actuation Direction Control Valves Pressure Sequence Valves Pneumatic Timers Dual Pressure [AND] Valves Shuttle [OR] Valves Limit Switches Push Buttons Low Pressure, Low Flow Rate Zone < 4 Bar
Direction Control Valve [Power Valve]
Pneumatic Actuation
Direction Control Valves Pressure Sequence Valves Pneumatic Timers Dual Pressure [AND] Valves Shuttle [OR] Valves Limit Switches Push Buttons Low Pressure, Low Flow Rate Zone < 4 Bar
Service Unit Pressure Regulator Main Air Supply

High Pressure, High Flow Rate Zone > 4 Bar
Actuators
An actuator is an output device for the conversion of supply energy into useful work. They can be described Into two groups.
Linear Motion
Single Acting Cylinders Double Acting Cylinders
Rotary Motion
Air Motor Rotary Actuator
Linear Actuator
Single acting cylinder Double acting cylinder Double acting cylinder with double ended piston rod Rodless cylinder
Linear Actuator
Double-acting cylinder with nonadjustable cushioning in one direction
Double-acting cylinder with single adjustable cushioning
Double-acting cylinder with adjustable cushioning at both ends
Rotary Actuators
Air motor, rotation in one direction, fixed capacity Air motor, rotation in one direction, variable capacity Air motor, rotation in both directions, variable capacity Rotary actuator, limited travel, rotation in both directions
Actuators Operation
An Actuator Can be Controlled by the Following Methods:
Pneumatic Hydraulic Electrical
Linear motion
Single Acting Cylinders Double Acting Cylinders
Rotary motion
Rotary actuators - single and double
acting
Pneumatic motor - continuous motion
Single acting cylinders

.

.

.

.
Double acting cylinders

Seals
Piston
Rod
Bearing
Base end
Connections
Rod end
Double rod double acting cylinders
Rodless cylinder Magnetically coupled
Rodless cylinder - magnetically coupled

Wipers Bearings Magnets
Cushioning Pistons
End Caps with cushioning adjustment
Cylinder Barrel Bearings Yoke assembly Piston assembly Magnets, Bearings, Wipers Magnets, Bearings, Seals, Cushioning Pistons Magnets Seals
Rodless cylinder magnetically coupled
Rodless cylinder mechanically coupled
Rodless cylinder mechanically coupled
Double acting cylinders with cushioning
Direct & Indirect Cylinder Actuation
Problem To produce a circuit that will operate the cylinder from either of the 2 push buttons. 14
4
5 1
4
5 1
4
Shuttle Valve
5 1
Textbook page 207
Speed Control
Size of Cylinder
What factors will affect the speed of movement of the cylinder?
Load on Cylinder Spring Force Pipe Length Valve size Flow Rate Exhaust Air
If we want to be able to adjust the speed of the cylinder, which of these variables do we control or adjust?
Pressure
Pipe
size
Basic Principles of Flow Control

Some important points about flow control :
The speed of a cylinder depends upon the rate of flow of air entering or leaving the cylinder. Slowing down the rate of flow of air entering or leaving a cylinder, slows down cylinder speed. Air that is entering the cylinder is known as Supply air, or Inlet air. Air that is leaving a cylinder is known as Exhaust air.
Internal Construction of Valves

Throttles air flow in both directions.
Throttles inlet air as well as exhaust air on one side of the cylinder. Reduces the speed of the cylinder in both directions. Hence only one valve is required per cylinder. Offers less flexibility of control.

Throttles air flow in only one direction. No control of air flow in reverse direction. Reduces the speed of the cylinder in only one direction. Hence two valves are required to control cylinder speed in both directions. The ball and arrow in the symbol shows direction of throttling. Offers better flexibility in speed control. D94

Forward Motion
Inlet (Supply) Air
Forward speed in a Single Acting Cylinder can be controlled by throttling . . . Inlet (Supply) air entering the cylinder.
3 Air Pressure

Reverse Motion
Exhaust Air
Reverse speed in a Single Acting Cylinder can be controlled by throttling . . . Exhaust air leaving the cylinder.
3 Air Pressure

Air entering the cylinder is throttled, while Controlling speed in air leaving the cylinder flows at full speed. both directions with Inlet Flow Control(meter IN) Forward speed of the cylinder is controlled by the valve on the rear side of the cylinder. Reverse speed is controlled by the valve on the front side of the cylinder. Produces very jerky movement when used with a constant load. The load moves only after sufficient pressure is built up inside the cylinder. The delay in cylinder movement may be very substantial with large loads. Generally used only in certain clamping applications where the clamping force must be increased gradually.

Controlling speed in Air leaving the cylinder is throttled, while air both directions with entering the cylinder flows at full speed. Exhaust Flow Control(meter OUT)
Forward speed of the cylinder is controlled by the valve on the front side of the cylinder. Reverse speed is controlled by the valve on the rear side of the cylinder. Cylinder moves more smoothly as pressure inside the cylinder builds up quickly and remains constant throughout.
Better suited to applications where there is a constant load on the cylinder. Most commonly used and preferred method of flow control.
Flow Control Valve Adjustable
Flow Control Valve Adjustable
Locknut Adjusting screw

Flow control needle. Non return valve Restricted flow Unrestricted flow
One way flow control valve
Restricted flow
Unrestricted flow
Unrestricted flow
Controlling the flow of air in to a double acting cylinder can result in erratic jerky movement. 4 2
To overcome this ?
The flow control valve is used to control the air pushed out of the cylinder 4 2
The flow control valve is used to control the air pushed out of the cylinder 4 2
Result:Smoother movement More consistent control Control of tractive loads
Flow control valves can be positioned

In - line In to the Cylinder port
Exhaust Port on control valve
Valve Construction
Internal Construction of Valves (Poppet valve)
Ports are open & close by sealing elements such as Ball,Disc,etc... Actuation force is against the energy flow.Hence, higher actuating force is required. Simple,Cheaper, In-sensitive to dust Reset by compressed air is not possible only spring reset D43
Internal Construction of Valves (Spool Valve)
Ports are open & close by sealing elements such as Spool or Slide Actuation force is lateral to energy flow.Hence, less actuating force is required. Complex, Costly, Sensitive to dust Reset by compressed air is possible
Poppet Valves
Good sealing Good tolerance to dirt
3 2 1
Spool Valves High flow rates Low operating forces 3
Valve Construction
1
Spool
Outlet
2 Return Spring
Exhaust
Supply
3 / 2 way valve, slide (spool)
Valve Construction
1
Valve Construction
1
Valve Construction
1
Valve Construction
1
Directional Control Valve
4/2 Way
Directional Control Valve
4 14 5
12
12
14
4 14 5
12
12
14
4 14 5
12
12
14
4 14 5
12
12
14
4 14 5
12
12
14
4
14 5
12
Double pilot valve - Bi-stable valve Signal in to pilot port switches valve. Remove signal - valve stays in position
14
5 3
Single pilot valve - Mono stable valve Signal in to pilot port switches valve. Remove signal - valve re-sets.
5/2 way Double pilot valves
Multi position Valves
4 14
5 1
12
5/3 Directional Control Valve. Closed centre position
14
12
Closed centre
14
12
Working Lines vented
14
12
Working lines pressurised
Logic Valves
4
5 1
4
5 1
4
Shuttle Valve
5 1
Textbook page 207
A
The Shuttle Valve X 12
Y
14
Input to X OR Y gives output at A

Also referred to as the OR valve and sometimes represented by the symbol -
1
Textbook page 207
A
X
A Y
Single unit
Multiple valve 3 units in one
A
The 2 Pressure Valve X 12
2 Y 14
Input to X AND Y gives output at A

Also referred to as the AND valve and sometimes represented by the symbol -
&
Under what conditions will air come out through port A
Two Pressure Valve AND Valve
A
X Y
14
5 1
A
X Y
14
5 1
A
X Y
14
5 1
How can we achieve the AND condition without using the 2 Pressure valve?
4
14
5 1
How can we achieve the AND condition without using the 2 Pressure valve?
4
2 valves in series
14
5 1
Single Unit
Multi-Block
3 valves in one
Summary Where 2 or more signals need to be combined such that EITHER gives an output - Shuttle Valve OR Valve
Where 2 or more signals need to be combined such that THEY ALL have to be in place to give an output 2 Pressure Valve AND Valve
&
Series connection
R P
Textbook page 209
Quick exhaust valve
R P
Textbook page 209
Quick exhaust valve
R P
Textbook page 209
Quick exhaust valve
R P
Textbook page 209
Quick exhaust valve
R P
Textbook page 209
Quick exhaust valve
R P
Textbook page 209
Quick exhaust valve
R P
Textbook page 209
Quick exhaust valve
R P
Textbook page 209
Quick exhaust valve
R P
Textbook page 209
Quick exhaust valve
Quick exhaust valve
To achieve maximum speed the exhaust air must be directed to atmosphere via the shortest route.
To do this we use
?
4 2
The Quick exhaust valve 5 1 3
To do this we use
?
4 2
To do this we use
?
4 2
To do this we use
?
4 2
Timer Valves
Pilot Operation
12
12
Flow Control
Non Return
Reservoir 3/2 way valve Normally Closed Spring Return
Page 219 in textbook
3
1 3
2 1
Time Delay Valve
12
12
3
1 3
2 1
00:00
Time Delay Valve
12
12
3
1 3
2 1
00:01 0
Time Delay Valve
12
12
3
1 3
2 1
00:00 2
Time Delay Valve
12
12
3
1 3
2 1
00:00 3
Time Delay Valve
12
12
3
1 3
2 1
00:00 4
Time Delay Valve
12
12
3
1 3
2 1
00:00 5
Time Delay Valve
12
12
3
1 3
2 1
00:00 5
Time Delay Valve
12
12
3
1 3
2 1
00:00
Time Delay Valve
12
12
3
1 3
2 1
00:00
Time Delay Valve
Normally Closed Timer
00:00 5 4 3 2 1
12
Time delay valve

Input to port 12
Time delay (adjustable)

Output from port 2 Vent port 12 Valve resets
1 3
Range of adjustment is dependant on reservoir size. Additional capacity of 10cc gives increase of 5 second adjustment
Normally ClosedTimer Open Timer
Time delay valve

Output from port 2
Input to port 10
Time delay (adjustable) Output from port 2 is shut off Vent port 10
12 10
Valve resets
Output from port 2
Normally Open Timer An alternative use for this is made by piping up in a different way
10
Normally Open Timer An alternative use for this is made by piping up in a different way
10
Input to port 10 and port 1 Output from port 2 Time delay (adjustable) Output from port 2 is shut off Vent port 10
One Shot Valve
Valve resets
Summary
2
Normally closed timer or Time Delay Valve
12
Normally open timer
10 1 3
Normally open timer
Piped as a One Shot Valve to overcome trapped or continuous signals.
10

PPP Basic Pneumatic

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PHASE - 1

BASIC PNEUMATICS BASIC PNEUMATICS

Festo - A Historical Perspective

Festo Headquarters in Esslingen Berkheim

Festo - An Independent Family Enterprise

Energy medium selection criteria

Force exerted Distance through which the force can be applied

Explosion proof nature

Sliding Vane Compressor.

Radial Flow Compressor.

Axial Flow Compressor.

Compressed air supply: Piston compressor

Safe Working Pressure Test Pressure Identification

From Compressor Inspection Panel

Atmospheric Air Contains

All Going Into the Air System !

Water content in the air

Refrigeration type Adsorption type Membrane type

Requirement of Air Preparation

Filters are not Dryer

Dry air outlet

Condensate Moist air inlet Condensate drain

Air drying: Absorption

Air in Refrigerating unit

Air drying, low temperature

Moist air Oil filter

Adsorber 1 Hot air

Air drying: Adsorption

Air reservoir Compressor

1-2% gradient Consuming devices

Condensate collector tank

Compressed air supply: Delivery

Water Trap Drain

Compressed air filter

Filter pore sizes available Fine filter Micro filter

40m, 15m, 5m 1m 0.01m

Active carbon filter

Outlet Pressure operation

Air supply: Pressure regulator with vent

Air supply: Pressure regulator with vent

Air supply: Pressure regulator with vent

Air supply: Pressure regulator with vent

Air supply: Pressure regulator with vent

Air supply: Pressure regulator with vent

Air supply: Pressure regulator with vent

Air supply: Pressure regulator with vent

Air supply: Pressure regulator with vent

Air supply: Pressure regulator with vent

Air supply: Pressure regulator with vent

Air supply: Pressure regulator with vent

Air supply: Pressure regulator with vent

Air supply: Pressure regulator with vent

Air supply: Pressure regulator with vent

Air supply: Pressure regulator with vent

Air supply: Pressure regulator with vent

Filter Service Unit - Includes Pressure Regulator

Symbols for Power Supply Elements

ISO Air Quality Classes

Dirt Particulate Water Oil

ISO Specification Chart

The temperature below which condensation will occur.

How Does it Work ?

ISO Specification Chart