Memory Structure of Oracle

Oracle Server
Oracle Server is the combination of Oracle Instance and Oracle Database. Oracle Instance is consist of SGA (Shared Global Area) and some Background processes. Oracle Database consist of three file types, Data files, Control files, and Redo log files.
Oracle Server

Oracle Database

Oracle Instance

Connection Processes
During connection to Oracle Server using SQL *Plus, Developer, Report, etc, a User Process is created.

User Process then connect to the Server Process. The Server Process check the user privileges and then connect to the Oracle Server. Note: The User Process cannot directly interact with Oracle Server.

Server Process

Oracle Server
User Process

Memory Structure and Processes

DBWR: Database writer is use to write blocks in data files from Database Buffer Cache.

Instance
Shared Pool
Library Cache Database Data Dict Buffer Cache Redo log Buffer Cache

LGWR: Log writer writes blocks in the Redo log files from Redo log Buffer Cache.
PMON: Process Monitor cleans up after failed processes.

SGA

SMON: System Monitor is use for Instance recovery.

CKPT: Check point is just like a buzzer, Check point force DBWR and LGWR to write the data from caches to files.

Cache

PMON

SMON

CKPT

DBWR

LGWR

Data Files
Undo Segment

Control Files

Redo log Files

Database

Shared Pool
1. Library Cache stores information about the most recently used SQL and PL/SQL statements.

Instance
Shared Pool
Library

SGA

2. Data Dictionary Cache is a collection of the most recent used definition in the database.

Cache

Data Dict Cache

Data Files

Control Files

Redo log Files

Database

Database Buffer Cache

Database Buffer Cache stores the copy of the tables which are query by a statement.

Instance SGA
Database Buffer Cache

DBWR process writes the modified records in the Data files from Database Buffer Cache. Check point is just like a buzzer, Check point force DBWR to write the data from cache to files.

CKPT

DBWR

Data Files

Database

Redo Log Buffer Cache

The Redo Log Buffer Cache records all changes made to the Database Buffer Cache. The main purpose of Redo Log Buffer is Recovery LGWR process writes the records in the Redo log files from Redo Log Buffer Cache after every Commit, 3 seconds
Database Buffer Cache

Instance SGA
Redo log Buffer Cache

LGWR

Undo Segment stores changed records. After ROLLBACK, the previous data come from undo segment to the Database buffer cache.

Data Files
Undo Segment

Redo log Files

Database

Process behind SQL statement

Instance
Server Process Shared Pool
Library Cache Database Redo log Buffer Cache

SGA

User Process

Data Dict

Buffer Cache

Cache

PMON

SMON

CKPT

DBWR

LGWR

Select * from emp;

Prepare Execution plan. In fetchstatement syntax. Check statement syntax. Check stage Oracle collect the rows and return selection, In case of checking. Privilegesprocess Privileges checking. to the user simple execute. Execution plan checking Execution plan checking

Phases Parse Execute Fetch

Data table Files

Undo Segment

Emp

Control Files

Redo log Files

Database

Process behind DML statement

Instance
Server Process Shared Pool
Library

SGA
Emp Table
Database Redo log Buffer Cache

User Process

Phases Parse

Cache Buffer Cache

Data Dict

Execute
Prepare execution plan. In this case, Oracle locks the rows which are effected.

Cache

PMON

SMON

CKPT

DBWR

LGWR

ROLLBACK; Update from COMMIT; emp set sal = 2000 where deptno = 10;

Data Files
Undo Segment

Control Files

Redo log Files

Database

Read Consistency Mechanism

Instance
Server Process Shared Pool
Library Cache

SGA
Emp Table
Database Redo log Buffer Cache

User Process

Data Dict

20Buffer & 30
Cache

Scott 1

Cache

Select * from emp;

PMON SMON CKPT DBWR LGWR

Scott 2
Update from emp set sal = 2000 where deptno = 10;

Data Files
Undo Segment 10

Control Files

Redo log Files

Database

Function of PMON Process

Instance
Server Process Shared Pool
Library Cache Database Redo log Buffer Cache

SGA
Emp Table

User Process

Data Dict

Buffer Cache

Cache

Releasing Other resources. Releasing Locks.

PMON

SMON

CKPT

DBWR

LGWR

Rolling back the transaction. Update from

emp set sal = 2000 where deptno = 10;

Data Files
Undo Segment

Control Files

Redo log Files

Database

Function of SMON Process

Instance
Server Process Shared Pool
Library Cache Database Redo log Buffer Cache

SGA
Emp Table

User Process

Data Dict

Buffer Cache

Cache

PMON

SMON

CKPT

DBWR

LGWR

Commit;

SMON performs Instance recovery when database is reopened.

Data Files
Undo Segment

Control Files

Redo log Files

Database

Tuning SQL statement

Oracle Server uses the Library cache to store SQL and PL/SQL statement. To find whether a statement is already cached, the Oracle server Reduce the statement to the numeric value of the ASCII text.

Select empno, ename, job, sal from emp;

Converted in to ASCII text.

**************************************************

Tuning SQL statement

Select empno, ename from emp

Where deptno = 10;

Converted in to ASCII text.

**************************************************

Select empno, ename from emp

Where deptno = 20;

Converted in to ASCII text.

**************************************************

Select empno, ename from emp Where deptno = &deptno;

Converted in to ASCII text.

*************************************************

Questions