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Attitudes can be broken down into following components Attitudes feelings of positivity, negativity, neutrality, indifference, rejection, jealousy, satisfaction etc etc Behavioural: tendency to act in a particular way in a given situation Specific influences: of peer groups, individuals, superiors, colleagues, Dr Ashutosh N Misal etc religions 10 / 22 / 08 08:08 AM 1 are the absolute standards by which people order their lives values Theoretical: where everything is ordered
Attitudes can be broken down into following components Attitudes feelings of positivity, negativity, neutrality, indifference, rejection, jealousy, satisfaction etc etc Behavioural: tendency to act in a particular way in a given situation Specific influences: of peer groups, individuals, superiors, colleagues, Dr Ashutosh N Misal etc religions 10 / 22 / 08 08:08 AM 1 are the absolute standards by which people order their lives values Theoretical: where everything is ordered
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Attitudes can be broken down into following components Attitudes feelings of positivity, negativity, neutrality, indifference, rejection, jealousy, satisfaction etc etc Behavioural: tendency to act in a particular way in a given situation Specific influences: of peer groups, individuals, superiors, colleagues, Dr Ashutosh N Misal etc religions 10 / 22 / 08 08:08 AM 1 are the absolute standards by which people order their lives values Theoretical: where everything is ordered
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Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Descărcați ca PPT, PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
are the mental, moral, ethical dispositions adopted by
individuals to others and the situations and environments in which they find themselves Attitudes can be broken down into following components Emotional: feelings of positivity, negativity, neutrality, indifferences, rejection, jealousy, satisfaction etc etc Informational: nature and quality of information present and importance that it is given…wrong and incomplete may lead to frustration Behavioural: tendency to act in a particular way in a given situation Past Experience: memories of past affect current and future feelings Specific influences: of peer groups, individuals, superiors, 10/22/08 08:08 AM colleagues, Drreligions Ashutosh N Misal etc 1 Values are the absolute standards by which people order their lives Theoretical: where everything is ordered, factual and in place Economic: making the best possible use of available resources, result oriented, people’s standard and costs of living Aesthetic: the process of seeing and perceiving beauty Social: the sharing of emotions with other people Integrity: matters of loyalty, honesty, openness, trust, honour, decency, concern from truth 10/22/08 08:08 AM Dr Ashutosh N Misal 2 Values – stable, long lasting beliefs about what is important to the indidvidual Five cross cultural values: Individualism-collectivism: the extent to which people value their group membership and group goals (collectivism) or value their individuality and personal goals. E.g. indebtedness, friendliness, pride, anger Power distance: the extent to which people accept unequal distribution of power in a society. High p d -commands, rules, regulations/ Low p d – participative management, suggestions, people network Uncertainty avoidance: the degree to which people tolerate ambiguity (low uncertainty avoidance) or feel threatened by ambiguity and uncertainty (high uncertainty avoidance) Achievement vs nurturing orientation: assertiveness, competitiveness, materialism, challenges, personal responsibility/ relationships, interaction and caring rather than competition and personal success 10/22/08 08:08 AM Dr Ashutosh N Misal 3 Long vs short term orientation: thought more High Achieveme High uncertainty nt Long-term Power Collectivism Avoidance orientatio orientation Distance n Japa Chin China Mexic Japa n a Japa o n --- --- n Japa INDIA USA INDIA Franc German --- n Japa e y INDIA n --- USA INDIA Nether USA France Germany lands Germany --- INDIA USA Hong USA Kong Swede Russi Individualis Low n Nurturing a Low Power Short-term m Orientatio Distance Uncertainty orientation n Avoidance Dr Ashutosh N Misal 10/22/08 08:08 AM 4 Attitudes and Values are affected by Past experience and interactions with the given person, people or situation Continuing experiences and interactions Perceptions and levels of general understanding The presence of, and understanding of, the particular rules, regulations, and other limitations Particular mental and physical aspects Levels of identity with the others involved and with the situation 10/22/08 08:08 AM Dr Ashutosh N Misal 5 Attitudes and Values are affected by The extent to which people/ situation are known or unknown Aspects of risks and uncertainties Levels of active and passive involvement Positive aspects (the extent to which something good and productive is certain or expected to come out) Negative aspects (the extent to which something negative and unproductive is certain or expected to come out) Any strong or prevailing moral, ethical or social pressures General degree of comfort (usually based on levels of knowledge and understanding 10/22/08 08:08 AM Dr Ashutosh N Misal 6 Positive Attitude Negative Attitude • Equality of opportunity and treatment Inequality of opportunity of treatment • Saying what’s meant and meaning Expediency what’s said Victimization, scapegoating • Identifying and solving problems Lack of clarity • Clarity of purpose Fragmentation of purpose • Unity of purpose Rewards based on favoritism and • Reward of achievement, loyalty and infighting commitment Remoteness and distance management • Openness of management style style (both physical and psychological} • Particular of standards set at outset Standards allowed to emerge • Absolute standards for everyone Different standards for different groups, • High and equal value placed on all departments, divisions and individuals staff Different levels of value placed on • Recognition of every contribution different staff • Pride in the organization Lack of recognition • Identity with the organization Lack of pride in organization • High levels of esteem and respect for Lack/ rejection of identity staff Lack of esteem and respect • Clarity of communication Lack of clarity in communications • Harmony Hostility • High quality information Low quality information • Open personal •‘Great minds’relationships discuss ‘Ideas’, ‘Average minds’ discuss ‘Events’ and, ‘Small • minds’ discuss ‘People’ Open operational and professional 10/22/08 08:08 AM Dr Ashutosh N Misal 7 relationships Following elements can develop Positive Attitudes • Setting past experience and interactions aside and focusing on current and continuing activities • Attention to the level, nature, volume, quality and quantity of information available and the related understanding • Attention to positive rather than negative. Placing emphasis on rewards and achievements than punishments and threats • Attention to rules and regulations as they reinforce positive standards • Resolving problems as they arise. .positive relationships between subordinate and superior • Identifying and removing threatening aspects..to know what you don’t know • Gaining active rather than passive 10/22/08 08:08 AM Dr Ashutosh N Misal 8 involvement..people should be valued to get high Following elements can develop Positive Attitudes Reinforcing what is said Attention to reinforcing absolute standards and quality of product, service, delivery and other factors (community development etc) Attention to prevailing moral and social pressures Attention to mutuality of interests in any given situation (win-win) Attention to clarity of purpose, clear and precise communication Attention to job and work satisfaction: pay and rewards, supervision and management style, co-workers, motivation etc Attention to basic human needs of pride, 10/22/08 08:08 AM Dr Ashutosh N Misal 9 esteem, worth, Approach to work, Beliefs are the certainties of the world Absolute: based on such things as mathematical fact; , mathematics ,night follows day, mortality, taxation etc Near Absolute: based on seasonal changes, continuous development of knowledge and awareness, social and technological development etc Acts and Articles of faith: based on certainties of God, religious allegiance, vastu-, fengshui, pyracards, numerology, astrology etc etc Other strong Ethical and Moral standpoints: relating to honesty, trustworthiness, 10/22/08 08:08 AM right and Dr Ashutosh N Misalwrong etc 10