Name of the Participants : Suneel.

M
Sarada.K Chaitanya Reddy.K

Department : Electronic and Communication

Engg.
Major Topic : Behavior of Passive Components
Sub Topic : V-I characteristics and power
calculation of a pure inductor circuit
with ac source
Sub Code & Title : EC 303; Circuit Theory
Duration : 50 minutes
Teaching Aids : PPT

EC303.5 1
objectives

On completion of this period, you would be able to

know:

• Power calculation of a pure inductor circuit with A>C source

• Faradays laws of electromagnetic induction

• V-I relation of an induction

• Definition of inductance

EC303.5 2
Inductance
• The wire of a certain length when wound into a coil
becomes a basic inductor.

• If current is made to pass through an inductor, a

magnetic field is produced

• The change in current produces change in

electromagnetic field, which induces a voltage across the
coil according to faraday’s law of electromagnetic
induction.

EC303.5 3
Inductor
Inductance (continued..)

Fig 1
EC303.5 4
AC through pure inductance
• Consider a simple circuit consists of pure inductance of L
henryes connected across a ac voltage v(t) = Vm sin ωt

Fig 2
EC303.5 5
Purely inductive a.c. Circuit
•In a purely inductive a.c. circuit, the current IL lags the applied

voltage VL by 90° (i.e. π/2 rads).

•In a purely inductive circuit the opposition to the flow of
alternating current is called the inductive reactance, XL

XL =VL / IL
=2πfL
•where f is the supply frequency, in hertz, and L is the
inductance, in Henries
EC303.5 6
• Due to the alternating voltage an alternating current
‘i’ flows through inductance L.
• The V-I relation for inductance is given by

1
i=
L ∫ V(t) dt

But v(t) = Vm sin ωt

i=
1
L ∫ Vm sin ωt dt =VM
WL

VM
 i = - WL [sin ( π -wt]
2
EC303.5 7
 π
∴ (
i = Im sin ωt -
2 )
Vm
where im =
ωL

∴ i = im sin (ωt-900 )

Applied ac voltage v(t) = Vm sin ωt

• It is clear that there is a phase difference of 900
between current and voltage
• i.e current lags voltage applied by 900
EC303.5 8
Fig 3
EC303.5 9
Fig 4
EC303.5 10
Power

• Power can be defined as product of

instantaneous voltage and current.

∴ P=vxi
∴ P = Vm sin ωt x Im sin ( ωt - (π/2) )

-Vm Im
P= Sin (2ωt)
2
-Vm Im
= Sin (2θ)
2

EC303.5 11
• The total power over one full cycle is given by

2π
-Vm Im
P=
0∫ 2
Sin 2θ dθ=0

• Hence the power consumed is zero

EC303.5 12
Below fig shows the Power consumption is
zero

Fig 5
EC303.5 13
Example 1
1. An alternating voltage RMS value 100v is applied to
an inductor of L=0.14H and negligible resistance.
Find the current, it supply frequency is 50HZ?

Solution:
Given V=100v, L=0.1H, F=50HZ
inductive reactance Xc=2π +L
=2 x50x0.1=31.4Ω
V 100
Current I=XL = =3.18A
31.4

EC303.5 14
Example 2
1. A sine wave of voltage V(t)=200 sin1000t is applied
across a pure inductor of L= 0.02H. Find the
b) Current i (t)
c) Instant power P(t)
200  1 cos100t 
 100
0.020.02
200 


d) Average power consumed by the coil

Solutions: i(t) =
I
L Vdt
1
= 0.02  200 sin 100t dt
200   cos100t 
= 0.02  100 

i(t)= -10cos 100t

EC303.5 15
b) power P = V(t) .i(t)

=(200sin 1000t)x(-10cos 1000t)

=-200 sin 1000t cos 1000t

1
=-2000x sin 2000t
2

P(t)=-1000 sin 2000t

c) Average power is zero

EC303.5 16
Summary
We discussed that

• If current is made to pass through an inductor, an

electromagnetic field is formed.

• The unit of inductance is henry

• In capacitance there is a phase difference of 900 between

current and voltage

• Current through an inductor

I
• Power consumer in inductor=0 I=
L 
Vdt

EC303.5 17
Questions

• Define inductance?

• State V-I relation for Inductor

• Derive the expression of Current for Pure Inductor Circuit

• Derive the expression of Power for Pure Inductor Circuit

EC303.5 18
Assignment

1. Determine the rms current in the circuit shown below?

6 .A50H2, 150V a.c supply is connected across a pure

inductor of 0.2H. Find the equation for voltage and
current?

3. Calculated the average power consumed in the above

problems & Draw the phasor diagram

EC303.5 19
QUIZ
1.Unit of inductor is Henry

I
2.Current through inductor is I= L  Vdt

3. Power consumed in a coil is zero

4. Current lags/ leads voltage by 90° in a pure

inductor.

EC303.5 20