DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name of the Participants : Suneel.M Sarada.K
Chaitanya Reddy.K
Institute name : Bapatla polytechnic
Department : Electronic and Communication
Engg.
Major Topic : Behavior of Passive Components
Sub Topic : AC through series R-L circuit

Sub Code & Title : EC 303

Sub name : circuit theory
Duration : 50 minutes
Teaching Aids : PPT
EC303. 6 1
objectives

On completion of this period , you would be able

to understand

• V-I characteristics of series R-L circuit

• Power and power triangle

• Apparent power

• Power factor

EC303. 6 2
A.C THROUGH R-L CIRCUITS

Consider a circuit consisting of pure resistance R ohms connected

in series with a pure inductance of L henries.

R L

V
VR VL
i VL

~
VR
V= vm sinωt

Fig1 R-L Circuit and Vector diagram

EC303. 6 3
A.C THROUGH R-L CIRCUITS

• Let an alternating voltage v(t)=Vm sin ωt at frequency ‘f’ be

applied across the series combination.
• Voltage drops across R and L are VR =IR and VL =IXL

V  VR  VL  IR  IX L

EC303. 6 4
Voltage Triangle

• From voltage triangle

V = √(VR2 + VL2} VL

= √ {(IR)2 + (I x XL)2}
VR
V = I √ (R2 + XL2)

or V = IZ

Where Z = √ (R2 + XL2) and is called impedance of the circuit

EC303. 6 5
Voltage Triangle

• Impedance : it defined as opposition of the circuit to flow of

alternating current.
• Current lags behind the applied voltage by an Φ

tan Φ = VL / VR I

= XL / R

or cos Φ = VR / V Φ

V
= R/Z
Current lags the applied
if v = VM (sin ωt) voltage

then i = IR sin (ωt – Φ) EC303. 6 6

Impedance triangle

R = Z cos φ
V
Z
I
VL XL = Z Sin φ
 XL XL
I
Tan φ = R
φ
Cos φ =R
VR/I = R Z
Impedance triangle

EC303. 6 7
POWER AND POWER TRIANGLE:

• Since the power is dissipated in resistance only

Average power is

Pav = VRI or I2R

cos Φ = VR / V V

VL
VR = V cos Φ

Pav = V I cos Φ VR

EC303. 6 8
Apparent power:

• It is the product of r.m.s value of voltage (V) and

current( I )

Real or True power:

• It is the product of applied voltage and the active

component of the circuit. The units are Watts

P= V (I cosΦ) watts

EC303. 6 9
• Reactive power:

It is the product of applied voltage and the reactive

component of the unit.
VAR = V (I sinø)
Imaginary component of apparent power

• Power factor (cos ø):

It is the ratio of the true power to apparent power.

power factor cannot be greater than 1.
Power factor = true power / apparent power
R
cos ø = VI cos ø / VI = Z

EC303. 6 10
Problem 1.
In a series R–L circuit the p.d. across the resistance
R is 12 V and the p.d. across the inductance L is 5 V. Find
the
supply voltage and the phase angle between current and
voltage.

EC303. 6 11
Solution :
From the voltage triangle
supply voltage. V

= 13 V VL

(Note that in a.c. circuits, the supply voltage is

VR
not the arithmetic sum of the p.d’s across
components. It is, in fact, the phasor sum.)

Or

EC303. 6 12
Summary

We discussed about :

• R-L circuit

• Wave forms , phasor diagram

• Voltage triangle , impedance triangle

EC303. 6 13
Questions

Ex1. A coil has a resistance of 4 and an inductance

of 9.55 mH. Calculate (a) the reactance, (b) the

impedance, and(c) the current taken from a 240 V, 50 Hz
supply. Determine also the phase angle between the
supply voltage and current.

2 . Explain V-I characteristics of series R-L circuit ?

EC303. 6 14
Quiz

In a series R- L circuit the current

c) Leads the Voltage

d) Lags the Voltage

e) in Phase with the voltage

f) None of the above

EC303. 6 15