DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name of the staff member : T.Krishnaveni
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : Electronics & Communication Engg
Institute : Dr.B.R.A.GMR Polytechnic for

Women (sc), Karimnagar.

Year/Semester : III Semester
Subject Code : EC-303
Subject : Circuit Theory
Topic : Network Theorems
Duration : 100 mts
Sub Topic : Thevenin’s Theorem
EC 303. 45 to46 1
Teaching Aids : Diagrams
Objectives

Upon the completion of this period we are able to

know

• Types of theorems

• About Thevenin’s theorem

• How to find thevenin’s equivalent for a given network

EC 303. 45 to46 2
Various network theorems

• Thevenin’s Theorem

• Norton’s Theorem

• Super position Theorem

• Maximum power transfer Theorem

• Reciprocity Theorem

EC 303. 45 to46 3
Thevenin’s Theorem

Thevenin’s theorem states:

‘The current which flows in any branch of a network is the
same as that which would flow in the branch if it were
connected across a source of electrical energy, the
e.m.f. of which is equal to the potential difference which
would appear across the branch if it were open-circuited,
and the
internal impedance of which is equal to the impedance
which appears across the open-circuited branch
EC 303. 45 to46 4
LINEAR NETWORK

Linear A
Network
With
Sources& Vth RL
Resistan-
ces
B
RTH

Fig 1

EC 303. 45 to46 5
Thevenin’s equivalent circuit

RTH A

VTH RL

B
Fig 2 Thevenins Equivalent

EC 303. 45 to46 6
Where

VTH= Open circuit thevenin’s voltage across AB

RTH= Thevenin’s resistance measured across

AB and keep voltage source short circuit

RL=Load resistance

EC 303. 45 to46 7
Steps to find thevenin’s equivalent

• Open circuit the terminals at which thevenin’s equivalent is

desired.

• Calculated VTH across open circuit terminals by using KVL

or mesh analysis.

• Find RTH by removing RL by replacing all voltage source

with S.C and all current sources with open circuit

EC 303. 45 to46 8
Steps to find thevenin’s equivalent (continued..)

• Replace the original circuit by thevenin’s equivalent

circuit.

• STEP 3:Find current through RL is

IL=VTH/(RTH+RL)

• STEP 4:Find voltage across load

VL=IL*RL

EC 303. 45 to46 9
Summary

We have discussed about

• Types of theorems.

• How to find Thevenin’s equivalent voltage, resistance.

• Drawings thevenin’s equivalent circuit usage.

EC 303. 45 to46 10
QUIZ

1. The Thevenin’s Theorem cannot applied for

(a) linear networks

(b) dissipative networks

(c) passive networks

(d) non linear networks given network

EC 303. 45 to46 11
2. Thevenin’s resistance RTH is found

(a) by removing voltage sources along with their internal

resistances

(b) by short circuiting the given two terminals

(c) between any two terminals

(d) between same open terminals as for VTH

EC 303. 45 to46 12
Example 1
Find the current through 5 Ohms Resistor using
Thevenin’s Theorem

EC 303. 45 to46 13
Solution
(i) remove the impedance ZL from that branch;
(ii) determine the open-circuit voltage E across the break;
(iii) remove each source of e.m.f. and replace it by its internal
impedance
(if it has zero internal impedance then replace it by a short
circuit),
and then determine the internal impedance, z, ‘looking in’
at the break;
(iv) determine the current from the Th´evenin equivalent
circuit
EC 303. 45 to46 14
Using the above procedure:
(ii)the 5Ω resistor is removed, as shown in Figure (a).
(ii) The open-circuit voltage E across the break is now required.
The network of Figure (a) is redrawn for convenience as shown in
Figure b
where current,

EC 303. 45 to46 15
(C) (D) EC 303. 45 to46 (E) 16
Hence the open-circuit voltage E is given by

Alternatively,

EC 303. 45 to46 17
(iii) Removing each source of e.m.f. gives the network of Figure C

The impedance, z, ‘looking in’ at the break AB is given by

iv) The Th´evenin equivalent circuit is shown in Figure (D) ,

where current IL is given by

= 1.2 A

EC 303. 45 to46 18
Example2

Find Thevenin’s equivalent at terminals A and B for below figure . Also find IL
and VL

4Ω A

10V 6Ω RL=3.6 Ω

B
Fig 1

EC 303. 45 to46 19
19
Finding RTH :

4Ω
In fig 1
Replace 10V source
with S.C
• O.c the terminals A,B
• 4Ω & 6Ω resistors are
6Ω parallel
RTH
• RTH = (4*6)/(4+6)
= 2.4Ω

Fig 2

EC 303. 45 to46 20
Finding VTH :

4Ω
A

VTH
6Ω
10V

EC 303. 45 to46 21
Finding VTH : (continued..)

• In fig 1

• O.C the terminals A,B

• Find VTH across AB

• I =10/(6Ω +4Ω )
• I =1amp

• VTH = I * 6Ω

• = I* 6Ω

• VTH = 6v
EC 303. 45 to46 22
Drawings thevenin’s equivalent circuit :

RTH=2.4 Ω
A

VTH=6V

• Thevenin’s equivalent circuit without load

EC 303. 45 to46 23
Finding IL,VL

2.4 Ω

6V IL 3.6 Ω VL

FIG 5 . Thevenin’s equivalent circuit with bad

EC 303. 45 to46 24
Finding IL,VL (continued…)

• IL = VTH/(RTH+RL)

= 6/(2.4Ω +3.6Ω )

= 1amp

• VL= IL*RL

=1*3.6Ω

=3.6v

EC 303. 45 to46 25
Frequently asked Questions

• State Thevenin’s theorem ?

• Explain Thevenin’s theorem ?

• Prove thevenin’s theorem ?

EC 303. 45 to46 26
Frequently asked Questions

2Ω A

4Ω RL=3 Ω
10V

Find Thevenin’s equivalent at terminals A and B for above figure also

find IL and VL

EC 303. 45 to46 27
Quiz

• The Thevenins equivalent circuit consists of a voltage

source

c) across Branch impedance

d) In series with Thevenins Resistance

e) In parallel with Thevenins Resistance

f) None of the above

EC 303. 45 to46 28
QUIZ

1. Thevenin’s theorem reduces complicated two

terminal network to a __________________

Ans: simple series circuit

2. While finding RTH keep voltage source___

Ans: short circuited

3. While finding RTH keep current source ___

Ans: Open circuited.

EC 303. 45 to46 29
Assignment

1. Determine the current through the ammeter of 2Ω

connected in the unbalanced wheat stone bridge of
figure shown below using thevenin’s theorem ?

A
2Ω 4Ω

C D
A
2Ω
6Ω
B

12v

EC 303. 45 to46 30