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DENTIN
DENTIN
ENAMEL
tntvnduetInn
Dentin is the hard
tissue portion of the
puIp dentin compIex
that forms the buIk
of the tooth
characterized by
tubuIes throughout
its thickness.
CnmpnsItInn nI cntIn
tnnvgunIe Cnntcnt-HydvnxyuputItc
As shown by X-Ray diffraction, consist of Hydroxyapatite
(Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2.
Ca(OH)
2
).
onsists of
hydroxyapatite which
are pIate-shaped &
smaIIer.
Length-200-1000 .
Width-30
ompared to
EnameI, smaIIer, poor
in aIcium and rich in
arbonate.
The crystaIs are
generaIIy oriented
paraIIeI to the Iong
axis of the coIIagen
fibriIs.
OvgunIe Cnntcnt - CnIIugcn
onsists of 90% coIIagen
Type- I (mainIy).
SmaII amounts of Type -III &
Type-V.
Provides tensiIe strength to
dentin.
Type - I coIIagen acts as a
scaffoId to accommodate
around 56% of mineraIs in the
hoIes and pores of the fibriIs.
COLLAGN
Type collagen is
present in the first
formed dentin as large
diameter
von Kroff's fibers.
(silver stained).
OvgunIe Cnntcnt ~ Nnn-CnIIugcncnus
They pack the space b/w coIIagen fibriIs
AccumuIate aIong the periphery of the dentinaI tubuIes
IncIudes
-dentin phosphoprotein(phosphoryn)
-dentin siaIoprotein (DSP)
-dentin gIycoprotein (DGP)
-dentin marix protein 1(DMP1)
-others Iike proteogIycans,phosphogIycoprotein,
-Iipids
Nnn CnIIugcnnus Cnntcnt FunetInns
#eguIate mineraI deposition
an act as inhibitors, promoters or stabiIizers
ProteogIycans- concentrated in predentin
- prevent premature mineraIization of the
organic matrix
DSP & DMP1- immunodetected in peritubuIar
dentin
-inhibits its growth & prevent occIusion
of the tubuIes
hyslcal properLles
THCKNESS ranges from 3-10mm.
<buccal surface,>root surface.
Due to longer duration of formation dentin is twice as thick in
permanent than deciduous teeth.
COLOR-yellowish-white ,darker than enamel.
Light yellow in deciduous.
PERMEABLTY- highly permeable because of tubules.
with reduction in distance from pulp.
With age .
> in radicular dentin (20% o0f coronal dentin)
hyslcal properLles
actors governing permeabiIity are
1) The no. and diameter of dentinal tubules
2) Type of dentin
Calcific barrier dentin< Sclerosed dentin< Primary
dentin< Secondary dentin< Tertiary (Reparative) dentin<
Globular dentin< Granular dentin< Dead tract dentin(max.
permeability)
3) Type and nature of penetrants (diffusants)
- depending upon their molecular size, molecular
mobility, wetting ability the diffusants permeate the dentin
- while ions like calcium, fluoride decrease
permeability on entering dentin the acidic products dissolve
and denature dentin increasing its permeability
PermeabiIity
hyslcal properLles
actors governing permeability are
4) CRACKS AND MCROCRACKS N THE DENTN
The presence of cracks and micro cracks, arranged in
a connecting and penetrating fashion increases permeability
5) DESCCATON O DENTN
Heat or air desiccation of vital dentin, by eliminating
fluids from dentinal tubules, will greatly enhance the potential for
dentin permeability
PermeabiIity
ceLunIeuI pvnpcvtIcs
Hardness
1/5
th
that of enamel.
Near DEJ 3times > pulp.
Tensile strength 40mpa (less than cortical bone ; that of
bone).
Compressive strength enamel-384mpa
dentin-297mpa
ReflectanceMore opaque & dull than enamel.
Sound moving explorer tine
Enamel sharper sound.
Dentin dull.
HIstnIngIeuI Stvuetuvc nI cntIn
Cdontob|asts
redent|n
Dent|n
Dent|na|
tubu|es
cntInuI tubuIcs
Dentin consists of muItipIe
dentinaI tubuIes spanning its
entire thickness and consisting
of cytopIasmic extensions from
odontobIasts
#esembIes a gentIe S
(Sigmoid) caIIed the Primary
urvature.
#epresents the path taken by
the odontobIasts.
irst convexity towards apex
of the tooth.
PerpendicuIar to DEJ and DJ.
.
NTtNAL TtHtLS
Near the root tip & along the incisal edges
and cusps the tubules are straight.
Tubules over their entire length exihibit
minute ,relatively regular secondary
curvatures that are sinusoidal in shape.
Secondary curvatures may be result of
small spiralling undulations of the
odontoblastic process during matrix
formation and mineralisation.
NTtNAL TtHtLS
Near puIp-45,000
The diameter of the dentinal tubules vary from 2.5m near
the pulp, 1.2m at the midportion of dentin to 900nm near
the DE junction.
The ratio of the number of tubules per unit area from the
pulpal surface to the DEJ is 41.
Mid-dentin-29,000
DEJ-20,000
cntInuI tubuIcs
CoronoI denfin
Poof denfin
,ore curvaLure of ,ore curvaLure of
enLlnal @ubules enLlnal @ubules
,ore Lubules per ,ore Lubules per
unlL are ln crown unlL are ln crown
,ore Lermlnal branchlng of enLlnal ,ore Lermlnal branchlng of enLlnal
@ubules @ubules
.
TerminaI branching of dentinaI tubuIes
is more profuse in the root dentin.
AIso shows IateraI branches throughout
dentin-canaIicuIi/microtubuIes.
Are 1m in diameter or Iess
Originate at right angIes to tubuIes at
every 1-2 m of Iength.
Termination
1) adjacent tubuIes
2) intertubuIar dentin
3) enameI (enameI spindIes)
NTtNAL TtHtLS
Terminal
branches
Cnntcnts nI cntInuI TubuIcs
Ground section
OdontobIastic
process (Tomes'
fiber)
PeriodontobIastic
space
Scanning microscope
DecaIcified section
Cnntcnts nI cntInuI TubuIcs
The tubules contain odontoblastic
processes which are cytoplasmic
extension of the odontoblasts.
The periodontoblastic space contains
dentinal fluid.
An organic lining termed ,2in,
li2it,ns is present between the
processes and the peritubular dentin.
OdnntnbIustIe Pvnecss
D L I
Cdontob|ast|c process
Intertubu|ar dent|n
Cdontob|asts
M
a
n
t
|
e

D
C
|
r
c
u
m
p
u
|
p
a
|

D

r
e
d
e
n
t
|
n
reodontob|ast|c space
er|tubu|ar dent|n
They are the cytopIasmic
extensions of the
odontobIasts.
They have a diameter of
3-4m near the puIp
tapering to 1m further into
dentin.
The extension of the
processes in the dentin is
said to be throughout its
fuII thickness or Iimted to
the inner core.
Extension into enameI
forms enameI spindIes.
OdnntnbIustIe Pvnecss
They are composed of
TUBULIN(intraceIIuIar
protein of microtubuIes)
MicrotubuIes are 20 m in
diameter & smaII fiIaments
5-7.5m
#un IongitudinaIIy
throughout the tubuIes
AIso contain mitochondria,
Iysosomes, microvesicIes.
cntInuI FIuId
Present in the
periodontobIastic space.
It is an uItrafiItrate of
bIood with higher K & a,
Iower protein & Na
content as compared to
pIasma
Occupies 1% of
superficiaI dentin & 22%
of totaI voI. of deep
dentin
Dentinal
fluid
PcvItubuIuv/tntvutubuIuv cntIn
%@ubu|es are de||m|ted by a
co||ar of more h|gh|y ca|c|f|ed
matr|x ca||ed per|tubu|ar
dent|n
%Cuter Dent|n |s 07S m th|ck
%Inner Dent|n |s 04 m th|ck
% more m|nera||zed than the
|ntertubu|ar dent|n
%Conta|n L|tt|e Co||agen
%nas the same crysta|
arrangement as Intertubu|ar
dent|n
tntcvtubuIuv cntIn
DentinuI tubuIes
PeritubuIur dentin
IntertubuIur dentin
Located between
zones of Peritubular
dentin.
Represents the primary
secretory product of
odontoblast.
Tightly interwoven
network of Type-
collagen fibrils(50-
200nm in diameter).
ibrils are arranged
randomly at right angles
to dentinal tubules.
PvcdcntIn
DentinuI tubuIes
Predentin
OdontobIust Iuyer
Most recentIy
formed Iayer of
dentin on the puIpaI
surface.
2 - 6 m wide
UnmineraIized zone
of dentin.
ontains type I and
type II coIIagen.
Thickness remains
constant -the
amount that caIcifies
is baIanced by
addition of new
unmineraIised
matrix.
tntcvgInbuIuv cntIn
nLerglobular enLlns
Areas of unmineraIised
or hypomineraIised
dentin .
Occurrence: gIobuIar
zones of
mineraIization(caIcosph
erites) faiIed to fuse into
a homogenous mass
with the mature dentin.
Seen most frequentIy in
circumpuIpaI dentin
tntcvgInbuIuv cntIn
Present in person with vit-D
deficiency or exposure to high
level of fluorides at the time of
dentin formation.
Normal architectural pattern
of the tubule remains
unchanged.
Show higher content of
dentin.
IntergIobuIar
dentin
NCREMENTAL LNES O VON EBNER
Dentinal matrix is deposited at a rate
of 4m per day.
This is superimposed by a 5 day
rhythm.
This 5 day increment is seen in
ground section as incre2ent,l lines
of von Ebner (situated about 20m
apart)
Cnntnuv LIncs nI Owcn
They are accentuated
incrementaI Iines due to
disturbance in the matrix
& mineraIizaton process.
HypomineraIized.
Some beIieve they might
be due to coincidence of
secondary curvatures.
Dentin
EnumeI
Lines of
Owen
tnevcmcntuI GvnwtL LIncs-NcnNutuI LIncs
Neonatal
line
Accentuated contour
Iines found in tooth
mineraIizing at birth or
partiaIIy before birth.
#epresents disturbance
in mineraIization due to
physioIogic changes at
birth.
Seen in deciduous and
permanent 1
st
moIar.
GvunuIuv Luycv nI Tnmcs
aused due to
refraction of Iight
through ground
sections made through
Iooped terminaI portion
of dentinaI tubuIes .
This Iooping is reIated
to Iower rate of dentin
formation.
UnmineraIized
High conc. Of a & P.
Increases from EJ to
root apex.
Dentin
C
e
m
e
n
t
u
m
SrunuIur Iuyer
of Tomes
THAtK Y0u

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