DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
NAME :P.KUMAR BABU.
DESIGNATION : LECTURER IN E.C.E.
BRANCH : ELECTRONICS & COMMU. Engg.
INSTITUTION : G.P.W, SURYAPET.
YEAR/SEMESTER : III Sem
SUBJECT : ELECTRONICS-I.
SUBJECT CODE : EE-305.
TOPIC : SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES.
DURATION : 50 min.
SUB TOPIC :FORMATION OF PNP&NPN
TRANSISTORS.
TEACHING AIDS : PPT,ANIMATION AND PHOTOS.

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RECAP

NPN and PNP Transistors

C
C

B
B

E
E
Figure 1
In a transistor symbol the vertical line indicates what?
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 B
E C

N P N

HOW THE EMITTER IS DOPED FOR THE TRANSISTOR

Figure 2

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Recap

• Base is lightly doped and emitter is heavily doped.

• Function of emitter to emit the charge carriers and the

collector to collect the charge carriers.

• P-region is sandwiched between two N-regions NPN

transistor is formed.
• N-region is sandwiched between two P-regions PNP
transistor is formed.

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OBJECTIVES

Upon the completion of this period the student

will be able to know

• Formation of PNP transistor.

• Working of PNP transistor.

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REGIONS OF TRANSISTOR

Emitter Base Collector

Figure 3

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FORMATION OF PNP TRANSISTOR

E C
P N P

Figure 4

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Figure 5
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FORMATION OF PNP TRANSISTOR

• N-type layer is sandwich between two P-type layers.

• Three terminals are attached to the three layers.

• The centre layer is thin layer and it is called Base.

• The other two layers are called Emitter and Collector.

Collector area is large and area of Emitter is slightly less
than collector.

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WORKING OF PNP TRANSISTOR

• Operate the transistor in active region.

• Holes are emitted from the p-type emitter across the

forward biased emitter junction to the base.

• The base is very thin and lightly doped that consists of

few majority carriers.

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• Holes traveling from emitter layer recombine a few holes
with electrons in the base layer and rest of the holes flow
to the collector.

• The emitter current is the sum of base current and

collector current.

IE=IC+IB

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SUMMARY

Up on completion of this topic the student will

able to know

• Formation of PNP transistor.

• Working of PNP transistor.

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1.In a PNP transistor with normal bias

(a) Only holes cross the collector junction.

(c) Only majority carriers cross the collector junction.

(c) The collector junction has a low resistance.

(d) The emitter-base junction is forward biased and

collector-bas junction is reverse biased.

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2.For a given emitter current, the collector current will
be higher if

(a) The recombination rate in the base region were

decreased.

(c) The emitter region were more lightly doped.

(e) The majority-carrier mobility in the base region were

reduced.

(g) The base region was made wider.

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 PNP
1.The emitter injects holes in to the base region in _____
transistor.

2.When biased in the active region, current flows in to the

emitter terminal in _____
PNP transistor.

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3.The E-B junction is forward biased for active operation
in______________
PNP or NPN transistor.

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Frequently asked questions

1. How to form the PNP transistor explain.

3. Explain the working of PNP transistor.

5. Explain the function of the collector in the operation of

a junction transistor.

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