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EE-305.62 to 63
Recap
Already we discussed about the
EE-305.62 .63 2
Objectives
After completion of the period student will be able to
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Voltage Divider Bias
(or)
Self Bias
(or)
Potential Divider Bias
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Circuit diagram of potential divider bias
FIG 1
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Why the name voltage divider bias?
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Circuit Analysis
2. Exact analysis
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Approximate analysis
• Ri>>R2
I1 R1
IB
VCC
• IB<<I2
R2 Ri
I2 V2
• I2≈ I1
FIG 2
• R1 and R2 can be
Partial bias circuit for calculating the
approximate Base voltage V2
considered series
elements.
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Determination of the operating point
VCC
V2 = R2
R1 + R2
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Expression for IC (continued)
Apply KVL to the base circuit as shown by the arrow
V2=VBE+VE VE=IERE
=VBE+IC RE IE≈IC
V2 IC = V2-VBE
RE
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IC = V2-VBE
RE
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Expression for collector to emitter voltage
VCE=VCC-IC(RC+RE) Eq-1
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Exact analysis
• What is a well designed VDB circuit?
R1
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Thevenin's equivalent network for the
network to the left of the base terminal
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Determining RTh
R1
VCC is replaced by
R2 RTh
a short –circuit
equivalent
FIG 4
RTH= R b= R1 // R2
R1R 2
RTH = Rb =
R1 + R 2
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Determining VTH
R1
VCC R2 V2=VTh
VCC
VTH = .R 2
R1 + R 2
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Voltage Divider Bias Using Thevinen Equivalent
IC
Rc
C
RTH
B Vcc
VCE
IB
E
VB=VTh
IE RE
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• Applying KVL in the clockwise direction for the loop indicated
• VTH-IBRTH-VBE-IERE = 0 RC
• IE =IC+IB VCC
• VTH-IBRTH-VBE-(IC+IB)RE=0—Eq.1 RTh B
Fig. 5
•VCE=VCC-IC(RC+RE)—Eq.2
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• On substituting the value of IC from Eq.2 into Eq.1 we get
VCC −VCE
VTH = IBRTH + VBE + RE ( IB + ) Eq.3
RC + RE
•Eq.3 relates base current versus VCE. We can calculate the
value of VCE for each value of IB .The curve between VCE
and IB is known as bias curve.
• The point of intersection of the load line and the bias curve
gives the operating point.
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• Apply KVL to the base circuit
VTh= Vb , RTh=Rb
RTh
• Vb=I BR b+ VBE+(IB+IC)RE---Eq.1 B
IB
Differentiating Eq.1 w. r. t IC E
VTh
dIB dIB IE RE
0= Rb + RE 1 +
dIC dIC
dIB - RE
Hence = Eq.2
dIC RE + Rb
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β +1
We know S=
that dIB
1− β
dIC
1+ β
S= Eq.3
RE
1+ β
RE + Rb
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Rearranging the eq .3
Rb
1+
S = (1 + β ) RE
(1 + β ) + Rb
RE
• If R b / RE<<1 S becomes 1
-maximum possible stability
• The value of S increases with the increase of ratio Rb / RE
• S becomes (β+1) if R b / RE → ∞
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Stabilization of operating point
• Excellent stabilisation is provided by RE.
• V2=VBE+ICRE
• Suppose the collector current IC increases due to rise in
temperature .
• This will cause the voltage drop across emitter
resistance RE to increase.
• As voltage drop across R2 (i.e. V2) is independent of IC ,
therefore ,VBE decreases.
• This in turn causes IB to decrease.
• The reduced value of IB tends to restore IC to the original
value.
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V2=VBE+ICRE
GOOD
ICEO STABILISATION
VBE
ICBO IC IC
IERE=ICRE
T
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Voltage feedback action
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QUIZ
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• The circuit that provides the best stabilization
is
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3. The stabilization in potential divider method is
provided by
(a) RE consideration
(b) RC consideration
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4. The universal bias stabilization circuit is
most popular because
(b) IC is equal to IE
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Frequently Asked Questions
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