Family Planning Garagan and Herrero

8y 8oanne aula Perrero
MarlsLella Caragan
8S harmacy 2C
ubllc healLh
@o ueflne and
SLaLe Lhe urpose
of lamlly
lannlng
@o ulscuss Lhe
beneflLs of lamlly
lannlng ln Lhe
hlllpplnes
@o ulscuss Lhe
dlfferenL klnds of
naLural and
ConLracepLlve
meLhods
JhaL ls lamlly lannlng?

d
Accord|ng to WnC
llows lndlvlduals and couples
Lo anLlclpaLe and aLLaln Lhelr
deslred number of chlldren and
Lhe spaclng and Llmlng of Lhelr
blrLhs
lL ls achleved Lhrough use of
conLracepLlve meLhods and Lhe
LreaLmenL of lnvolunLary
lnferLlllLy
woman's ablllLy Lo space and
llmlL her pregnancles has a
dlrecL lmpacL on her healLh and
wellbelng as well as on Lhe
ouLcome of each pregnancy
lamlly plannlng ls Lhe
plannlng of when Lo have
chlldren and Lhe use of
blrLh conLrol and oLher
Lechnlques Lo lmplemenL
such plans CLher
Lechnlques commonly
used lnclude sexuallLy
educaLlon prevenLlon and
managemenL of sexually
LransmlLLed lnfecLlons
preconcepLlon counsellng
and managemenL and
lnferLlllLy managemenL
8alslng a chlld requlres slgnlflcanL amounLs
of resources Llme soclal flnanclal and
envlronmenLal lannlng can help assure
LhaL resources are avallable
key facts
n esLlmaLed 200 mllllon couples ln developlng
counLrles would llke Lo delay or sLop chlldbearlng buL
are noL uslng any meLhod of conLracepLlon
Some famlly plannlng meLhods help prevenL Lhe
Lransmlsslon of Plv and oLher sexually LransmlLLed
lnfecLlons
lamlly plannlng reduces Lhe need for unsafe aborLlon
lamlly plannlng relnforces people's rlghLs Lo
deLermlne Lhe number and spaclng of Lhelr chlldren
8LnLll@S Cl lMlL? 8LnLll@S Cl lMlL?
LnnlnC ln @PL LnnlnC ln @PL
PlLllnLS PlLllnLS
LCCNCMIC
8LNLII1S
ln Lerms of Lconom|cs Lhe
hlllpplnes whlch ls already
experlenclng a serlous rlce
shorLage would be able Lo
decrease lLs dependence on
forelgn lmporLs such as rlce wlLh
fewer mouLhs Lo feed
@he governmenL spends 82 bllllon
hlllpplne pesos ln medlcal care
for unlnLended pregnancles
lf famlly plannlng were puL ln
effecL lL would only spend 06
bllllon hlllpplne pesos on
unlnLended pregnancles and 4
bllllon on conLracepLlve servlces
and supplles @haL ls a savlngs of
almosL 4 bllllon hlllpplne pesos
8educlng
MaLernal ueaLhs
Many women dle from pregnancy (or dellvery) because
Lhey are Loo young (under 18 years old) Loo old (older
Lhan 33 years) have pregnancles LhaL are Loo close Lo
each oLher (less Lhan 3 years aparL) or have had Loo
many pregnancles
lL could also prevenL deaLhs relaLed Lo lllhealLh
resulLlng from unlnLended pregnancles bouL 4000
women dle ln Lhe hlllpplnes each year because of
pregnancyrelaLed causes
Jork
8eneflLs
ccordlng Lo lamlly PealLh
lnLernaLlonal famlly plannlng users
are more llkely Lo work Lhan non
users because lL glves women Lhe
Llme Lo seek work opporLunlLles
ouLslde Lhe home
Jomen ln Lhe hlllpplnes have sald
LhaL larger famlly slze lncrease Lhelr
household responslblllLles and make
Lhem unable Lo seek pald work More
chlldren also requlre more lncome
Lhus a vlclous cycle ls formed
llllplna women sald Lhey need more
money Lo care for Lhelr chlldren buL
more chlldren prevenL Lhem from
seeklng work opporLunlLles lamlly
plannlng provldes a soluLlon Lo boLh
lssues
Jomen ln Lhe hlllpplnes who use famlly plannlng
are more llkely Lo [oln communlLy acLlvlLles
rellglous organlzaLlons and Lake parL ln communlLy
pro[ecLs Lhe lamlly PealLh CrganlzaLlon says
lamlly plannlng also lncreased Lhelr sLaLus aL
home wlLh many llllplna women saylng Lhey are
equal declslonmakers enabllng Lhem Lo work and
Lravel ouLslde Lhelr communlLles
Soclal
8eneflLs
1here are d|fferent
Methods ava||ab|e
a|| Natura| a||
Lffect|ve
A|| Natura| A|| Lffect|ve
%8asa| 8ody 1emperature
(881) |s based on the
woman's |owest temperature
upon wak|ng up After the
temperature |s taken a record
|s |mmed|ate|y made Upon
the r|se of the bod||y
temperature |s the end of the
fert||e phase of the cyc|e
1he 881 method does not g|ve
enough advance not|ce of
ovu|at|on for postpon|ng
pregnancy dur|ng the ear|y
phase of the cyc|e but |t g|ves
a very good |dea when the
fert||e phase ends
%8||||ngs Cvu|at|on Method (8CM) |s based
on detect|ng the da||y changes |n cerv|ca|
mucus d|scharged |nto the vag|na A chang|ng
mucus pattern before ovu|at|on |s a natura|
s|gn of fert|||ty
%Sympto1herma| Method
(S1M) both the 881 and
the Cvu|at|on method are
used to mark the fert||e
and |nfert||e phase of the
menstrua| cyc|e
%Sympto1herma|
|nvo|ves
Chart|ng the 881
Cbserv|ng and record|ng
cerv|ca| mucus
Cther s|gns of ovu|at|on
such as pa|n sens|t|ve
breasts b|eed|ng
Cther symptoms such as
headaches sk|n erupt|ons
etc
%Lactat|ona|
Amenorrhea (LAM) or
8reastfeed|ng When
breastfeed|ng |s fu||
mean|ng the baby |s
fu||y dependent on
mother's m||k and m||k
from both breasts |s
sucked the ovu|at|on of
the woman |s de|ayed
for severa| months
Vaginal Canal
Vaginal Opening
$eminal Vesicle
Cowper`s Gland
Epididymis
The Fertility Cycle of a Woman is compared to mother
nature. When it is wet, life is abundant
The Fertility Cycle of a Woman is compared to mother
nature. When it is dry, there is no life
Baby Tries To
ImpIant In Uterus
bortifacient Effect of IUD
IUD Prevents
ImpIantation
and SurvivaI of
Baby - Abortion
Takes PIace
Sperm FertiIizes Egg
nflammation Of
Uterus Prevents
mplantation Of Baby
Sourc e s: Pa tie nt Pa c ka ge Inse rt Pa ra Ga rdT380A, p. 3
Ha tc he r, Ste wa rt, e t. a l. Contra c e ptive Te c hnology 1994., p.347,
Pe rsona l Communic a tion: Dr. John Bre nna n M.D. Milwa uke e WI.
Mercedes Wilson 2001
Family oI the Americas, PO Box 1170, Dunkirk, MD 20754
E-Mail Address: Iamilyupbeat.com
Website: www.Iamilyplanning.net
Unit 10
graph 15
Mercedes Wilson, 2001
ondoms
Traps ejaculate in tip, thereby preventing sperm from reaching ovum
(hence it is essential that condom be worn properly and not tear or slip off)
Thin rubber or latex sheath worn over the erect penis during intercourse
Use of lubricants and/or spermicides can cause condom failure by
accelerating deterioration of condom rubber
Cost of one-year use can be more than $63 per year (intercourse 4x
weekly)
Condoms must be stored in cool, dry place in order to prevent
deterioration of rubber; likewise, condoms have limited ~shelf life as
condom materials deteriorate over time
Facts
Mode of Action
Unit 10
graph 23
DMS continued...
PotentiaI Side Effects
Condom Failure/Unintended Pregnancy: condoms effective only 84 to
88 percent of the time, at best. (Chance of pregnancy over one-year
use is 1 in 6)
RISK OF HIV INFECTION: Contrary to claims that condoms can
be an effective means of preventing the spread of IDS, the fact is
that the human immunodeficiency virus is 450 times smaller than a
human sperm - obviously, since condoms fail anywhere from 12 to 44
percent of the time in preventing pregnancy, they are even less
effective in preventing the transmission of this tiny virus!
2
Pregnancy rate of 18.4 percent among women less than 18 years
of age; among unmarried minority women the failure rate of
condoms is even higher, some 36 percent; among unmarried
Hispanic women the failure rate is as high as 44.5 percent
1
1. Fror '0u|c| Facls or 3ale 3ex, puo||sred oy Focus or lre Far||y. C|les Var| 0. layWard ard Jor|cr| Yog|, 'Corlracepl|ve Fa||ure Rale |r lre ur|led 3lales: Esl|rales lror lre 1982 Nal|ora| 3urvey ol Far||y 0roWlr, Far||y Perspecl|ves, vo|. 18, No.5,
3epl/0cl 198, p.201. A|so E||se F. Jores ard Jacque||re 0arroc| Forresl, 'Corlracepl|ve Fa||ure |r lre ur|led 3lales: Rev|sed Esl|rales lror lre 1982 3urvey ol Far||y 0roWlr, Far||y Perspecl|ves, vo|.21, No.3, Vay/Jure 1989, p.103
2. Voreover, lrere ex|sls d|recl ev|derce ol vo|ds |r cordor ruooer. E|eclror r|crograprs revea| vo|ds 5 r|crors |r s|ze (50 l|res |arger lrar lre [llv| v|rus) Wr||e lraclure recrar|cs ara|yses, sers|l|ve lo lre |argesl l|aWs preserl, suggesl |rrererl l|aWs as
|arge as 50 r|crors (500 l|res lre s|ze ol lre v|rus). C.V. Ro|ard, ed|lor ol Ruooer Crer|slry ard Tecrro|ogy lor lre Nal|ora| Researcr Laooralory, 'Lellers, Tre wasr|rglor Posl, Ju|y 3, 1992
E-Mail address: Iamilyupbeat.com
Unit 10
graph 24
Diaphragm
Flexible metal ring covered with rubber in shape of shallow dome
Risk of failure is approximately doubled when the user is less than
30 years old or has intercourse 4 times or more weekly.
Only 84. 1 percent effective (lan Guttmacher Institute)
placed in vagina to completely encircle the cervix and to prevent
sperm from entering the uterus
usually used with spermicidal jelly or cream applied to
side of dome facing cervix
1
Facts
Mode of Action
Diaphragm continued....
New England 1ournal of Medicine reports evidence of link between
diaphragm use and toxic shock syndrome
local skin irritation caused by sensitivity or allergy
Hatcher, Stewart, Trussell et al "Contraceptive Technology" , p - 200
2 see also Faich G, Pearson K, et al, "Toxic Shock Syndrome and the Vaginal Contraceptive Sponge, Journal of the American Medical
Association, , 255:2-2
2
Unit 10
graph 33
Spermicides
vailable in many forms, including creams, jellies, suppositories,
aerosol foam and foam tablets
Only 74.8 percent effective (lan Guttmacher Institute)
Form chemical barrier at opening to uterus that prevents sperm
from reaching the egg; may also destroy or damage sperm
Facts
Mode of Action
Unit 10
graph 34
Spermicides continued....
Greater incidence of these congenital disorders in innocent children
who are conceived during use of spermicides: Down's Syndrome, limb
reduction malformations, malignant neoplasms (cancerous tissue
growths) and severe hypospadias
Possible link to increased risk of HIV/IDS
Increased chance of vaginal infections because absorption of
spermicide alters vagina's normal chemical environment
Family oI the Americas, P.O. Box 1170, Dunkirk, MD 20754
Progress Report, Center for Population Research, National nstitute of Child Health and Human Development (USA), p 2: "a presentation at the
Fifth nternational Conference on ADS in reported that African prostitutes using a contraceptive sponge containing Nonoxynol- had an increased
incidence of HV infection whether the increase was due to N-, to the effect of the sponge as a foreign object or to some other factor is unknown t is
possible that women who have high levels of sexual activity could develop abrasions from sponges and other vaginal inserts f data from the sponge use [with
spermicides] are correct, vaginal douching and diaphragm insertion might also offer some risk of increased HV susceptibility

2
2 Progress Report, Center for Population Research, Nat'l nst of Child Healthand Human Development (USA), p2
Jick, Hershel JAMA, April ,Vol 25 No
Unit 10
graph 35
E-mail address: Iamilyupbeat.com
SteriIization (FemaIe)
Tubal Ligation or electrocoagulation, which seals off Fallopian
tubes and prevents passage of eggs between ovaries and uterus
(overall failure rate from .04-2 percent)
More or less irreversible technique for preventing conception
Hysterectomy, which removes uterus
Two kinds:
1
1. Contra c e ptive Te c hnology 1994, pgs. 652,684
Facts
Unit 10
graph 38
SteriIization (MaIe)
Called vasectomy: virtually irreversible operation that removes a
piece of both the left and the right vas deferens (tubes through which
sperm travel from the testes to the prostate) and ties off ends
Failure rate of .15 percent; Recannulation (re-establishment of vas
deferens by internal healing process) occurs in 1 case per 1,000
May not be effective for up to 3 months because of
residual sperm cells
2
Contraceptive Technology, , pg 0
2 Trussell et al, Contraceptive Failure in the United States: an update Stud Fam Plann 0; 2() 5-5
Facts
Unit 10
graph 41
SteriIization (MaIe) continued....
Sperm production is same as before, about 50,000 spermatozoa every minute.
However, sperm are not ejaculated, so they enter the bloodstream where
antibodies are produced to remove the sperm from the bodily system. This
can lead to thyroid and joint disorders, heart and circulatory diseases, and
diabetes. When the body activates defenses to ward off cells of its own
making, as after a vasectomy, the body becomes ~auto-immune, that is,
allergic to itself. Several studies have found such antibodies generated in
response to sperm antigens in 55 to 75 percent of patients within two years
after their vasectomies.
1
Two studies in the United States have found that men with vasectomies have an
85-90 percent higher risk of being diagnosed later with prostate cancer than men
who elect not to have the surgery.
2
Increased risk of kidney problems, including kidney stones.
Family oI the Americas, P.O. Box 1170, Dunkirk, MD 20754
"Sexual Sterilization: Some Questions and Answers, brochure distributed by the Couple to Couple League, Cincinnati, Ohio
2 Giovannucci, etal, Journal of the American Medical Association, February ,
Kromal, et al, The Lancet, Vol :2, , as cited by Denis St Marie (op cit) A collaborative study of ,205 men enrolled in a US Coronary Artery Surgery
Study found that the risk of kidney stones increased 2 times for men age 0-55 years; times for those age 55-5 "There was a highly significant relation
between vasectomy and renal disease
Dennis St Marie op cit
Psychological difficulties, including anxiety and feelings of low self-worth,
decreased sexual desire. standard personality disorder test found that over 40
percent of one vasectomy study group experienced personality disturbances
between their first testing and testing a year later, after the operation.
3
4
Unit 10
graph 42
Summary of Summary of
ConLracepLlve CpLlons ConLracepLlve CpLlons
keproduct|ve nea|th 8|||
@he 8eproducLlve PealLh bllls popularly known as Lhe 8P
8lll are hlllpplne bllls almlng Lo guaranLee unlversal access Lo
meLhods and lnformaLlon on blrLh conLrol and maLernal care
@he bllls have become Lhe cenLer of a conLenLlous naLlonal
debaLe
@here are presenLly Lwo bllls wlLh Lhe same goals Pouse 8lll
no 4244 or n cL rovldlng for a Comprehenslve ollcy on
8esponslble arenLhood 8eproducLlve PealLh and opulaLlon
and uevelopmenL and lor CLher urposes lnLroduced by lbay
1sL dlsLrlcL 8epresenLaLlve Ldcel Lagman and
SenaLe 8lll no 2378 or n cL rovldlng lor a naLlonal
ollcy on 8eproducLlve PealLh and opulaLlon and uevelopmenL
lnLroduced by SenaLor Mlrlam uefensor SanLlago
n|story
ccordlng Lo Lhe SenaLe ollcy 8rlef LlLled
romoLlng 8eproducLlve PealLh Lhe hlsLory of
reproducLlve healLh ln Lhe hlllpplnes daLes back Lo
1967 when leaders of 12 counLrles lncludlng Lhe
hlllpplneslerdlnand Marcos slgned Lhe ueclaraLlon on
opulaLlon
SLarLlng 1967 Lhe uSlu sLarLed shoulderlng 80
of Lhe LoLal famlly plannlng commodlLles
(conLracepLlves) of Lhe counLry whlch amounLed Lo
uS$ 3 Mllllon annually ln 1973 Lhe unlLed SLaLes
adopLed as lLs pollcy Lhe naLlonal SecurlLy SLudy
Memorandum 200 lmpllcaLlons of Jorldwlde
opulaLlon CrowLh for uS SecurlLy and Cverseas
lnLeresLs (nSSM200)
@PL Lnu

Family Planning Garagan and Herrero

Încărcat de

Informații document

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Family Planning Garagan and Herrero

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

8y 8oanne aula Perrero

S-ar putea să vă placă și