MOBILE MPLS with Route Optimization

CONTENTS

Introduction Objective Mobile IP MPLS Integrating IP and MPLS Triangle routing Problem Route optimization Significance Literature Survey Simulator

INTRODUCTION

Mobile MPLS is a new technology that incorporates mobility management of mobile IP and Qos and traffic engineering capabilities of MPLS. Hence the proposed scheme take advantages of both.

OBJECTIVE

The aim is to design a system with such an arrangement so that it operates smoothly and efficiently providing mobility to users along with requisite QoS, having small latency, smoother handoff and reliability.

MOBILE IP
Mobile IP is a communication protocol, which allows location-independent routing of IP datagrams on the Internet. It allows mobile devices to move from one network to another while maintaining a permanent IP address. Each mobile node is identified by its permanent home address. While away from its home network, a mobile node is associated with a care-of address. Mobile IP specifies how a mobile node registers with its home agent and how the home agent routes datagrams to the mobile node through the tunnel.

Operational Principles of Mobile IP

Whenever a mobile node moves into any network other than its home network, it registers with its Home agent(HA) via Foreign agent(FA) with its new Care of address(CoA). Any node that sends data to mobile node, send it at its home address, from where the HA redirects the data packets to the mobile nodes CoA through an IP tunnel.

MPLS
MPLS stands for Multi Protocol Label Switching. It provides for efficient routing, forwarding, switching and traffic flows through the network. It operates between the layer 2(Data link Layer) and Layer 3(Network layer), hence referred as 2.5 layer protocol. With MPLS packet-forwarding decisions are made solely on the contents of the label, without the need to examine the packet itself. MPLS provides better QoS(Quality of Service) and Traffic engineering.

MPLS COMPONENTS
LSR and LERs FEC (Forward Equivalence Class) LABEL LSPs (Label Switched Paths)

Hop By Hop routing Explicit Routing

Signaling Mechanism
Label Request
Label Mapping

MPLS OPERATION

The following steps must be taken for a data packet to travel through an MPLS domain:1. 2. 3. Label Creation and distribution. Table creation at each router. Label Switched Path (LSP) creation 4. Label Insertion 5. Packet forwarding.

Integrating Mobile IP with MPLS

MIP has been chosen as the core of mobility management mechanism for various networks, providing universal roaming solution. However it is incapable to provide QoS. By integrating MIP with MPLS desired QoS can be achieved along with traffic engineering. Hence Mobile MPLS is a new scheme that integrates mobile IP and MPLS protocols, in order to enable MPLS protocol to support mobility. Challenging issue: Triangle Routing Problem.

TRIANGLE ROUTING PROBLEM

When a mobile enters a foreign network, it will send a registration request to FA, which relays this request to the HA of the mobile node(MN). HA gets the CoA of MN and sends a label request using LDP to FA to establish a LSP. FA replies with an LDP mapping message and when HA receives this message LSP from HA to FA is established.

Triangle routing contd..

Finally HA sends registration reply back to FA through LSP. Now if any node wants to communicate with the MN in foreign network, the data packets are send to HA which redirects them to MN CoA in foreign network. Hence every time the CN sends data, it goes through HA to MN. This creates a triangle routing problem.

Mobile MPLS with Route Optimization

In Mobile MPLS with route optimization, when a MN enters a foreign network, it will send a registration request to FA, which relays the request to HA. HA will send then LSP setup request. After LSP is established, it will send registration reply back to FA. The operations so far are same. The route optimization extension adds a conceptual data structure, the binding cache, to the correspondent node and to the foreign agent. The binding cache contains bindings for mobile nodes' home addresses and their current care-of addresses. With the binding the correspondent node can tunnel datagrams directly to the mobile node's care-of address.

Route optimization contd..

Route optimized path

SIGNIFICANCE

Mobile MPLS has proven to be very effective in various Real-Time applications like video calling, video streaming, TV broadcast etc. These applications require minimum delay with satisfactory QoS and Mobile MPLS serves this best.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

In the paper MOBILE MPLS with Route Optimization, Savinya Polvichai and Prawit chumchu (2011), proposed a route optimization protocol to overcome the problem of Triangle Routing. By adding a correspondent agent to function to Mobile MPLS edge routers, all the binding information of MN can be cached by the routers and the packet routing from a correspondent node can be route optimized. In paper OPTIMIZED Mobile MPLS ,Wang, Yong Cui, sajal Das and Mingwei Xu , proposed OMMPLS i.e. Optimized Mobile MPLS(2008). They introduces the concept of registration by MN and setting up of LSP, happening simultaneously to reduce handover and signalling redundancy.

In the paper PROFILE BASED MOBILE MPLS PROTOCOL, Tingzhou Yang, Yixin Dong, Bin Zhoy Dimitrios Makrakis, proposed a new technique to avoid the triangle routing problem. They introduces a new concept according to which a CN can send the data packets to MN by using the MNs basic profile. The profile of MN includes its mobility pattern, travel schedule, over all regular behavior of the MN. In the paper, MOBILE IP NETWORK BASED ON HEIRARICHAL MPLS, Xingchuan yuan, Lishan Kang, Yuping Chen, proposed a scheme to supports smoother handoff in mobile MPLS networks. They said by using such a hierarchy there is no need to communicate with HA of MN, when it moves from one MPLS subnet to another. In the paper, INTEGRATED SOLUTIONS FOR WIRELESS MPLS AND MOBILE IP, Abd-Elhamid M. Taha, Hossam Hassanein, Hussein T. Moufah, authors proposed that how integration of the two technologies Qos functionality and examines different initiatives to extend MPLS for Mobile IP.

SIMULATOR

A number of simulators are available to work with Mobile MPLS network like Opnet, ns2. Since ns2 is open software, so we will be using it. Ns2 is a discrete event network simulator. It can be used in simulation of routing protocols and can be preferably used in ad-hoc networking research. It uses 2 languages:
Otcl (Object-oriented Tool Command Language) for topology defining of the network. C++ defines the internal mechanism (i.e., a backend) of the simulation objects

REFRENCES
Savinya Polvichai and Prawit chumchu, MOBILE MPLS with Route Optimization, IEEE 2011. Wang, Yong Cui, sajal Das and Mingwei Xu, OPTIMIZED Mobile MPLS ,IEEE, 2008. Abd-Elhamid M. Taha, Hossam Hassanein, Hussein T. Moufah, INTEGRATED SOLUTIONS FOR WIRELESS MPLS AND MOBILE IPIEEE. http://www.cse.sc.edu/~srihari/reflib/TelliumMPLS.pdf http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Jean_Tourrilhes/Mobile IP/ppal.html

Thank you