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Objectives
Definition of terms Describe system development life cycle Explain prototyping approach Explain agile software development approach Explain roles of individuals Explain three-schema approach Explain role of packaged data models Explain three-tiered architectures Explain scope of database design projects Draw simple data models
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First step in database development Specifies scope and general content Overall picture of organizational data at high level of abstraction Entity-relationship diagram Descriptions of entity types Relationships between entities Business rules
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Enterprise data model describes the highlevel entities in an organization and the relationship between these entities
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Conceptual blueprint for organizations desired information systems structure Consists of:
Data (e.g. Enterprise Data Modelsimplified ER Diagram) Processesdata flow diagrams, process decomposition, etc. Data Networktopology diagram (like Fig 1-7) Peoplepeople management using project management tools (Gantt charts, etc.) Events and points in time (when processes are performed) Reasons for events and rules (e.g., decision tables)
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Information Engineering
A data-oriented methodology to create and maintain information systems Top-down planninga generic IS planning methodology for obtaining a broad understanding of the IS needed by the entire organization Four steps to Top-Down planning:
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Organization goalswhat we hope to accomplish Critical success factorswhat MUST work in order for us to survive Problem areasweaknesses we now have
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Organizational unitsdepartments Organizational locations Business functionsgroups of business processes Entity typesthe things we are trying to model for the database Information systemsapplication programs
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Functional decomposition
Iterative process breaking system description into finer and finer detail
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Planning Matrixes
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SDLC
Prototyping
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Systems Development Life Cycle (see also Figures 2.4, 2.5) (cont.)
Planning Planning Analysis Logical Design Physical Design
Database activity enterprise modeling and early conceptual data modeling Chapter 2
Implementation Maintenance
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Systems Development Life Cycle (see also Figures 2.4, 2.5) (cont.)
Planning
Purposethorough requirements analysis and structuring Deliverablefunctional system specifications Analysis Analysis
Logical Design Physical Design
Implementation Maintenance
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Systems Development Life Cycle (see also Figures 2.4, 2.5) (cont.)
Planning Analysis Logical Design Logical Design Physical Design
Database activity logical database design (transactions, forms, displays, views, data integrity and security) Chapter 2
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Systems Development Life Cycle (see also Figures 2.4, 2.5) (cont.)
Planning Analysis Logical Design
Purposedevelop technology and organizational specifications Deliverableprogram/data structures, technology purchases, organization redesigns
PhysicalDesign Physical Design Database activity physical database design (define database to DBMS, physical data organization, database processing programs) Chapter 2
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Systems Development Life Cycle (see also Figures 2.4, 2.5) (cont.)
Planning Analysis Logical Design Physical Design
Purposeprogramming, testing, training, installation, documenting Deliverableoperational programs, documentation, training materials
Database activity database implementation, including coded programs, documentation, installation and conversion Chapter 2
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Systems Development Life Cycle (see also Figures 2.4, 2.5) (cont.)
Planning Analysis Logical Design Physical Design
Database activity database maintenance, performance analysis and tuning, error corrections Chapter 2
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CASE
Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE)software tools providing automated support for systems development Three database features:
Data modelingdrawing entity-relationship diagrams Code generationSQL code for table creation Repositoriesknowledge base of enterprise information
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Model components that can be purchased, customized, and assembled into full-scale data models Advantages
Two types:
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Managing Projects
Projecta planned undertaking of related activities to reach an objective that has a beginning and an end Involves use of review points for:
Incremental commitmentreview of systems development project after each development phase with rejustification after each phase
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Validation of satisfactory progress Step back from detail to overall view Renew commitment of stakeholders
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Business analysts Systems analysts Database analysts and data modelers Users Programmers Database architects Data administrators Project managers Other technical experts
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Database Schema
External Schema
User Views Subsets of Conceptual Schema Can be determined from business-function/data entity matrices DBA determines schema for different users
E-R modelscovered in Chapters 3 and 4 Logical structurescovered in Chapter 5 Physical structurescovered in Chapter 6
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Conceptual Schema
Internal Schema
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