DIGITAL WATERMARKING

USING
MULTIRESOLUTION ANALYSIS

AVIJIT DAS
PALLAVI BISWAS
SOUMYA CHATTERJEE
SUVRA SHANKHA DUTTA
THE WORLD IS STEPPING
OVER TO THE DIGITAL MEDIA
ADVANTAGE :

Transmissions over digital channels provide high noise

immunity, and efficient utilization of channel capacity through
multiplexing. Digital systems and channels are highly cost effective.

DISADVANTAGE :
The ease of accessibility of digital media and the simplicity of
the digital systems has rendered the contents over the digital
media highly insecure. Digital entities can be easily duplicated,
manipulated, or even tampered with. Thus the question of copyright
associated with a digital entity faces a severe threat from hackers.
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 DIGITAL WATERMARKING IS THE SOLUTION

 The technique of digital watermarking is one of the growing

fields in which this problem of copyright has been
addressed elegantly.

 The digital watermark is a secret code or image hidden

inside the original image, so as to claim for the copyright of
that image.

 Thus the process by which the copyright information is

embedded invisibly inside the original entity, which is to be
protected from the illegal replication and distribution is
known as “Digital Watermarking”.

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 Properties of Watermarks
 Imperceptibility The watermark should not be
noticeable to the viewer, nor should then watermark
degrade the quality of the original image.

 Robustness The watermark must be difficult to

remove. If only partial knowledge is available (e.g.
the exact location of the watermark in an image is
unknown) then attempts to remove or destroy a
watermark, should result in severe degradation in
fidelity before the watermark is lost.

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  Common signal processing The watermark should still be
retrievable even if common signal processing operations are
applied to the data. These include digital to analog and analog
to digital conversion, re-sampling and re-quantization and
common signal enhancements to image contrast and color, or
audio bass and treble.

 Common Geometric Distortions Watermarks in image and

video data should also be immune from geometric image
operations such as rotation, translation, cropping and scaling.

 Subterfuge Attacks: Collusion & Forgery if a digital

watermark is to be used in litigation, it must be impossible for
colluders to combine their images to generate a different valid
watermark with the intention of framing a third party.

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Practical model for a Watermarking System

IW <IW>
I
WATERMARK WATERMARK
INSERTION BLOCK EXTRACTION
BLOCK

<W>

ATTACK
K
K
HACKERS

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ATTACKS ON WATERMARKING SYSTEMS

 JPEG and MPEG Compression

 Filtering
 Rescaling
 Cropping
 Jitter Attack

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SPATIAL DOMAIN VS
TRANSFORM DOMAIN
 In the spatial domain the watermark is embedded in
the original image by suitably modifying the gray
values of the individual pixels in the letter.

 Cox and Boland introduced the transform domain

watermarking schemes. Cox used spread spectrum
technique to embed the signal bits in the image.

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 SPATIAL DOMAIN
 ADVANTAGE

 Image quality due to watermarking

 DISADVANTAGE
could be controlled by locally
baring the region of interest  It is easy to implement on
unaffected. Moreover other computational point of view but
important higher order factor such
too fragile to withstand large
as size, shape, color, location and
foreground/background of the variations of external attacks.
cover image may be exploited to
obtain perceptually tuned and
robust watermarking scheme.
 However, these factors are well
specified in the spatial domain and
not easily converted to the
frequency domain.
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TRANSFORM DOMAIN
 Most of the schemes developed for data hiding have embedded
bits in some transform domain (DCT, DFT, Sub-band,
Hadamard, Hartley etc.), as it has always been implicitly
understood that a decomposition would help.
 Among different orthogonal decomposition techniques, it was
probably the inspiration from the image compression application
that caused DCT and sub-band (wavelet) transforms to be more
popular than the others.
 Another reason for the choice of DCT and wavelet based scheme is to
“Match” the data-hiding scheme with the processing the image
is most likely to undergo.
 DCT based JPEG, and the wavelet based SPIHT/EZW coding
technique is most commonly used.

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WHY WAVELET TRANSFORM ??
 By Fourier Transform we can find the frequency content of a signal. But
no frequency information is available in the space (time)- domain signal,
and no time information is available in the Fourier transformed signal.

 Again the spectrums of stationary and non stationary signals (both of

the signals involving the same frequency components) are almost
identical, although the corresponding space (time)-domain signals are
not even close to each other, but the first one has these frequencies at
all times, the second one has these frequencies at different intervals.
So how come the spectrums of two entirely different signals look very
much alike? Therefore, FT is not a suitable technique for non-stationary
signals.

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Because of this reciprocal relationship between scale and
frequency , it follows that Wavelet Transform provides better
frequency resolution at lower end of frequency spectrum and
poor space (time) resolution and vice versa.

This ability to provide variable space (time)-frequency resolution

makes the wavelet transform a natural tool in analysis of signal
in which rapidly varying high frequency components are
superimposed on slowly varying low frequency components.

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Multi Resolution Analysis And Discrete
Wavelet Transform
 Multi Resolution Analysis provides a
framework for understanding of wavelet
transform and also for construction of
wavelet function. The basic principle is
that a signal can be approximated at
different resolutions.

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 Proposed
Watermarking
Technique

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Wavelet Transform of Cover
Image

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 LZW COMPRESSION OF
WATERMARK IMAGE
b a b a c b a b a b a b c b

21434 857
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DATA HIDING TECHNIQUE
 The watermark is embedded in one part of the decomposed
image.
 For hiding one integer of the compressed watermark, the integer
is represented as 8 bit binary. And this 8 bit binary pattern is
stored in 8 contiguous pixels. Each bit of information is stored in
the LSB position of the pixel.
 A header containing information is also hidden in the part of the
image.

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 Inverse Wavelet Transform
generates the Watermarked Image.

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Watermark Extraction

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 LZW DECODER
2 1 4 3 4 8 5 7

babacbabababcb

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 RESULTS

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 Special Thanks To

Mr. Tirtha Sankar Das

and
Mr. Somanth Maiti
(Head of the Department)

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 THANK YOU.

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