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System Analysis
Analysis of current system for Problems & Demerits in it Requirements in new system
System Design Process of planning new system which will replace the old one
New design idea to smooth the process in the organization. Environmental changes such as Competition. Adding new business or product to present business. Present system does not satisfy the users information needs. Present system no longer efficiently and effectively meets the Goals of organization. Excessive time spent in correcting errors. Current Reports / Outputs not meting users decision making skills. Customer and vendor complaints.
DIVISION OF PROJECT into the identifiable phases which can be managed without having any problem. REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT PROCESS by TOP Management on periodically.
APPROVALS from all the participants of the Development (i.e. Users, Managers, Analyst and Auditors).
Contd
TESTING OF SYSTEM prior to implementation to ensure that it meets users needs. TRANNING of user who will operate the new system. POST IMPLEMENTATION REVIEW for effectiveness and efficiency of new system
Preliminary Investigation Requirements analysis or system analysis Design of System Development of Software
System Testing
Implementation and Maintenance
Preliminary Investigation
Preliminary Investigation
Request Clarification Feasibility study Estimating Costs and Benefits Request Approvals
Preliminary Investigation
Request Clarification
Reviewing internal documents (i.e Organizational Charts, operating procedures etc. Conducting interviews of User, Personal and Managers
Preliminary Investigation
Technical Feasibility: Hardware and software availability, Technical Guarantee of Accuracy, Reliability, Easy to Access, Data security, technical capacity to hold data and future expansion. Economical Feasibility: Evaluation of cost & Benefits expected. Operational Feasibility: Finding views of workers, employees, customers & suppliers about the use of new system. Schedule Feasibility: Estimation of time to take new system to become operational. Legal feasibility: Testing whether new system will satisfy financial reporting requirements & Companys contractual obligations.
Preliminary Investigation
BENEFITS:
Tangible Benefits:
Increase in sales / Contribution / Profits Decrease in investment, operating and processing cost. Improved information availability, analysis, Management Decision skill
Intangible Benefits:
Increase in Goodwill / Improved Image of Business
Preliminary Investigation
Request Approval
Based on the Observation and Findings of the Analyst, selected requests are put up for the approval of management
Documents: This includes the Manuals, diagrams, forms, organizational charts etc. It should be ensured that all documents are accurate & up to date Questionnaires: These are skillfully drafted group of standard question which can be given to all personal and can be analyze quickly. Interviews: To get a complete picture of problems and opportunities. Observation: Surprise Visit of users work palace to get a clear picture of users environment.
Output / Reports
Maintenance of Database
Data Inputting Process Methods and Procedures to show the relationship between Input and Output
System Design
System Design
System Design
Important factor of Output Design: A process of Output designing contained:Designing of Content (required info in an output) Form (the way in which a content presented to user) Volume (quantum of Output i.e. Prints) Time Lines (time of need of outputs) Media (method of output i.e. Print, CD ) Format (Physical arrangement of Data).
Contd..
2.Way of Presenting Information: The way in which data will be presented to the User which should be simple and better understandable and for this Tabular and Graphic (charts, maps etc) can be used. 3. Design / Layout of Output:
System Design
System Design
Data Storage
This includes the storage of data, indexing etc. For storage of data it can follow following approaches:
Conventional File Approach: This is a traditional approach where each transaction is updated in the master file, each application have their own database and it is not useful for other applications. Database Approach: This support decision making skill of the management. Data are stored in the small-small database files and same data can be used in the multiple applications.
Coding
Methods:
Selection of procedures to be followed Schemes: Classification Codes (only single digit is required for quick input ), Function code (activities to be performed without spelling out all details) etc.
System Testing
System Testing
This is Performing Parallel Operation and get the following done to analyze the operational implementation feasibility:
Preparation realistic data based on the actual working data of the organization. It may be based on the Historical data of the organization. Processing of Test Data with the new system and take all outputs which can be possible. Checking result of all system with the results of the same data in the current system for the accuracy and error in the processing. Review result with future users, operational and support personal:
Equipment Installation Training Personnel: Conversion Procedure: Post Implementation Evaluation (Feedback)
Equipment Installation
This includes following functions:
Site Preparation: Preparing the site for installation Equipment Installation: Assembling of the equipments (hardware) and installation of software Equipment Checkout: Organize test runs of the system with sample actual data and thereafter if it performs satisfactory then with the live actual data.
Training Personnel
Since user are not familiar with the New System, System Development Process includes training of System Operators: IT personnel who will handle the system maintenance in the future. Users (Operators): The final user who will work on the system. If there are deficiencies in Training, these may translate into reduction in user Productivity Levels
Conversion Procedures
This is the time when organization switch over from old system to new developed system. Following are the Strategies / Methods for conversion / Changeover of old system to new system.
Direct Changeover: Direct closing the old system and starting the new one.
Parallel Changeover: for sometime operating both system simultaneously. Gradual Changeover: Department wise switch over to new systems. Distributed Changeover: Any other method which management feels good for organisation.
Development Evaluation: Check whether development was done within schedule and budgets.
Operation Evaluation: Check whether system is capable for handling the duties and objective of development is achieved
Information Evaluation: Check Satisfaction of users etc.
Clearly defined goals and objectives Top management support User involvement in all stages Change management Training Programs
Thank You