A QUALI-QUANT DESCRIPTION OF NICRO SERVICES AND CASES DIVERTED TO NICRO FOR THE PERIOD JUNE 2009 TO MAY 2010

NATIONAL WORKSHOP DIVERSION & RESTORATIVE JUSTICE PRACTICES 10th & 11th May 2011 By Arina Smit Manager: Programme Design and Development

OVERVIEW

Introduction Context

Definitions Goals and Objectives Organizational Service Delivery Model (Processes, Procedures and Standards)

Qualitative Description of NICRO Services

Intake and Assessment Case Management Intervention/Program Participation Aftercare, Monitoring and Tracking

Professional Development and Quality Assurance

Quantitative Description of Sample of Cases

Geographical Distribution Demographic Profile Service Distribution Referral Source Crime Profile

INTRODUCTION

1992 Introduce and implement Diversion in SA (CLC at UWC, Lawyers for Human Rights and NICRO) campaign to NICRO made available programmes PMB and Cape Town Pre-trial Community Service & YES Referrals to Diversion increased from 224 youths in 1992/1993 to 22 420 in 2010/2011 Interesting trends and changes related to referrals and types of crimes diverted.

INTRODUCTION: TRENDS AND CHANGES

Diversion Referrals
25000 20000
17807 17370 16422 15926 15900 20528 18952 15585 13497

Number of Clients Diverted

15000

10000
5000 0
224 590 0 0 0 5569 3784 2272 0 0 0

10980 7953

12663

10906 10417 9740 8984

> 18 18<

653 456 0

6237 4875 3652 2366 608 1963 2274 530

92/93 93/94 94/95 95/96 96/97 97/98 98/99 99/00 00/01 01/02 02/03 03/04 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11

INTRODUCTION: TRENDS AND CHANGES

Crimes Victimless (incl. possession of drugs, dui where no accident) Crime Against Person (any contact crime, crime involving weapon) 1998-2001 21% 2010 18%

15%

37%

Economic/Property Crimes (incl. theft, shoplifting, housebreaking).

64%

45%

INTRODUCTION: THE RESEARCH

For purposes of this research (secondary) used combination of qualitative and quantitative research methodologies to describe the nature of diversion services provided by NICRO.
Description of processes, procedures and content; and Univariate analysis of 2600 (sample) cases diverted to NICRO over period June 2009 May 2010

Made use of stratified random sampling to draw sample

CONTEXTUALIZATION

In NICRO :

Diversion - a pre-trial process as used by courts to dispose of cases to prevent further involvement in the system and to access social work services to develop individuals and change offending behaviour (interrupt pathway). Diversion and RJ is not regarded as synonymous RJ is not a programme in NICRO but a set of philosophical principles that underlies interventions and programmes Programmes designed along continuum fully restorative to not restorative. All interventions acknowledge the relationship between the offender, victim and community some provide direct engagement with victim others indirect

CONTEXTUALIZATION

In NICRO :

Goals & Objectives of Diversion two perspectives

Criminal Justice Goal Speedy disposal of cases where children are involved , and prevent them from penetrating the CJS Human Development & Social Justice Goal To develop the potential of individuals, change their behaviour and protect the rights of children

Utilizes the 3 primary methods (with unique interventions and techniques) of social work

Case Work Community Work Group Work activity/action the social worker undertakes in collaboration with the client to facilitate change in an individual or s system in a systematic way Guided by professional knowledge, values & skills Purposeful, goal directed & client centered

Intervention

SERVICE DELIVERY MODEL

Based on social work profession with social justice and human development as its goal Have available basket of interventions (services) to use for purposes of diversion The helping relationship stands primary to the change processes of individuals supported by structured interventions Holistic and comprehensive interventions & services pursued during the period of diversion combination of interventions necessary to adequately address behaviour change objectives

BASKET OF INTERVENTIONS

SERVICE DELIVERY MODEL

TRACKING
Supervise mentorship & tracking Reception & registration Receiving client @ reception Duty Assessment & walk in clients Follow up contacts Case close write closing report Refer externally for other service

Tracking reports

case closure or refer back to NICRO programme

CASE MANAGEMENT
1st

Case allocation Client is not NICRO client or need other service

Link client to mentorship programme & with client prior to programme contact volunteer for tracking follow up contacts twicea month for first 2 months after completion of program

Development of individual intervention plan

Contracting with client

PROGRAMME INTERVENTION/ GROUPWORK

Receive referral information from case manager

AFTERCARE
Evaluate impact of interventions on client behaviour & Compile final reports to courts or other referral agencies Receive individual progress reports on interventions and programmes

Referral to relevant programmes (or external referrals)

Case conferencing with colleagues

responsible for

specific interventions and programmes that client is attending

Individual counselling (according to plan)

Set up register of clients to attend programme

Monitor clients participation and progress in interventions and programmes

Preparation for group work sessions

Facilitation of groups

Termination of programme

Writing of individual progress reports to case manager.

INTAKE & ASSESSMENT

Administrative and professional process Includes receiving of formal referral, registration of client on e-cms & assessment of client Assessment critical to formulate a risk and treatment profile and intervention matching, to monitor and evaluate progress and to ensure relevancy of interventions Assessment is NOT ONCE OFF continuous and dynamic process that takes place as long as client is receiving service Only the purpose of assessment that change Various data collection instruments & assessment tools are used for purposes of assessment ie. CARE, CAGE, Bonding to conventional instruments, VS

CASE MANAGEMENT

Professional activity undertaken by swers Overall management of & responsibility for services to the individual for duration of involvement (monitoring & evaluation included). Administrative & behavioural management of case and individual Ongoing analysis, decision-making and record keeping interactive and dynamic process

Contracting with client & Motivation to change Development of case/treatment plan Service Implementation and Doordination Continuous assessment of capacities & change Monitoring & Evaluation Aftercare & Evaluation Termination and Case Closure

PROGRAM/INTERVENTION
CM refer Program Facilitator

Receive referral Program response action in response to referral

Preparation Facilitation Administration & Monitoring Termination & Evaluation (Feedback to CM, CM report to CJS)

AFTERCARE & TRACKING

Provision of support services to clients after completion depending on evaluation and need of client Monitoring & tracking for research purposes Diversion deemed complete by NICRO only once the client is completed with this phase If needed client can be re-absorbed in services/ referred to other services CHALLENGE Court orders expire before aftercare and tracking completed

PROGRAM OUTLINES
YES

ADAPT

Early Intervention LIFE SKILLS - influencing criminogenic & noncriminogenic (psychosocial) risk factors that contribute and promote the early involvement & onset of a delinquent and high risk life style. Social and interpersonal skills: enable to recognize and challenge common misconceptions about high risk behaviour communicate these to avoid high risk situations. Cognitive skills- process of acquiring processing and acting on information or knowledge in various situations and environments. 20 hours of psycho-social skills training, structured into 12 sessions First & last session 2.5 hours & 1.5 hours for sessions 2-11. Frequency dependent on group characteristics

Prevention Early Intervention

24 30 hours depending on responsivity and cognitive characteristics of group

12 topics structured into minimum of 24 sessions over 12 weeks sessions 45 minutes Individuals 12 18 years, or adults with lower cognitive and verbal functioning levels Address drug abusive & experimental behaviours Low to medium risk for developing addiction disorders

series of psycho-social life skills building sessions - integrated structured social learning approach, with elements of drug education, social and personal skills training and cognitive behavioural therapy.

PROGRAM OUTLINES
MATRIX IOP

The Journey

Therapeutic/Treatment Adolescents and adults who are addicted Low risk danger and medium to high risk reoffending profile Combination of biological and behavioural approaches : Motivational Interviewing & Motivational Enhancement Therapy Cognitivie Behavioural Therapy Contingency Management 12 Step Support 48 Week treatment Individual Sessions (before ERS, during and after) & group combined First 16 Weeks intensive

Therapeutic/treatment 150 hours structured into 3 phases Higher risk and high treatment need profile, exhibiting desctructive, emotional and behavioural problems Eclectic therapeutic model

systems work rites of passage, cognitive behavioural treatment experiential learning Social skills training

Major focus action consequence learning and social skills development

Early Recovery 2X per week (8 sessions) Relapse Prevention 2x p week (32 sessions) Family Education 1 x p week (12 sessions) Social Support 1xp week from week 12

Programme Phase Preparation Phase

Life Skills 20 sessions Pre Adventure Orientation 4 sessions Cleansing Phase Personal and Social Responsibility Phase Transition Phase 1 Individual family meeting with each individual 6 Group follow up sessions

Adventue Phase

Reintegration Phase

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 End day 4 & day 5 Within first week of return

Duration 20 hours (2x per week for six weeks) 8 hours (2x per week for 2 weeks) 15 hours continuous 15 hours 15 hours 15 hours 15 hours 2 hours per family (one week)
12 hours (2x per week, for 6 weeks)

1st session within first week of return inclusive of parents, thereafter once per week Depending on Nature of project

Group Community Service Project Graduation and Celebration

30 hours 4 hours

PROGRAM OUTLINES
Restorative Group Conferencing

Continuing Care / Reintegration No duration placed on this as individuals readiness to engage (particularly the victim) differs Minimum of 60 hours of engagement during this process Where serious trauma dynamics exists this can take years basic principle - cause no more harm therefore if the assessment indicates a high risk of dangerousness and secondary victimization, the process will not go ahead Utilize direct as well as indirect victim engagement Primarily with children from 10 years up children under 10 more indirect victim work Apply different models of restorative group conferencing (as relevant to different target groups, settings and purpose):

Victim Offender Conferencing Family Group Conferencing Victim Impact Panels

Goals: To humanize the criminal justice experience for both victim and offender To hold offenders directly accountable to the individuals they victimized, and Positively impact on offender behaviour change. Objectives: Develop victim empathy in offenders Empower the victim to participate in the process and tell their story Support the offender to take responsibility for the harm done Promote a sense of healing, reconciliation and social justice.

Victim Offender Mediation

Phase Preparation

Total Hours Processes 40 hours Receive referral and make contact with all parties Pre-conference Assessment and Preparation Meetings with victms and offenders separately

Minimum duration in hours 8 hours 3 hours assessment with victim 3 hours assessment with offender 3 hours of preparation with victim & relevant persons 3 hours of preparation with offender & relevant persons 8 hours 12 hours 15-60 minutes 45 minutes Estimated 2-5 hours

Logistical Arrangements Preparatory Administration The Conference 7 hours Pre conference/dialogue briefing Actual conference Opening and Introduction Story telling/ Information sharing Deliberations/ Responses

Reaching out/ agreement 15-60 minutes

Way Forward, Closure Post Conference briefing & Eval. Post Conference Follow up 12 hours

Administration (agreements, report, 4 hours correspondence) Agreement Monitoring (where applicable) ongoing until objectives reached. If no and general follow up deliverables in terms of an agreement was set, at least 8 hours of follow up meetings still need to happen

PROGRAM OUTLINES
Community Service Learning

Objectives:

Early Intervention & Continuing care / reintegration Children 13 18 years as well as adult Focus is on service learning and not just work Aim to build sense of community and responsibility McMillan & Chavis (1986) - sense of community is ...a feeling that members have of belonging, a feeling that members matter to one another and to the group, and a shared faith that members' needs will be met through their commitment to be together. modern society- decline in sense of community in the survival struggle disconnectedness from self, environment and others seeks alternative to address needs, frequently to the detriment of the larger group (community) Goals:

To offer individuals who have committed crime the opportunity to serve the communities they have offended, to develop a deeper understanding of the impact of their behavior on society at large and to become agent s of change in their communities

gain a sense of their own value within a community and as a citizen of the country foster the development of a sense of caring for others (empathy) Motivate participants to become proud and caring members of their communities, helping to identify and create solutions to community social problems. To develop insight and understanding of what constitutes a community and the role that they play in their communities To through community service address real needs in communities To develop insight and understanding into the causes and effects of community problems recognize and develop an understanding of what it means to be a responsible, participating and productive citizen of the country develop competencies and skills that will enable them to become responsible and productive citizens develop a personal stake in the well-being of their communities.

Programme Phase Preparation & Contracting Phase Service in Action

Activity Individual Consultation Preparation session 1 - 4 Community Build your Own Service work hours and Training session reflection (3hrs) assignment Project planning & (vary from 20 implementation 300 hours) (17 hrs) Closing group session (3 hrs) Done in a day or two Group Session (2 hours) Group session (2hrs)

Frequency and Duration 2 hours 10 hours

Reflection and Celebration

PROGRAM OUTLINES
Positive Parenting Partners

Other Programmes/Interventions

Early Intervention/Therapeutic Involve parents - build skills, support & assist parents to understand and maintain change in children Multi facetted & developmental based on a systemic model with CBT elements 24-30 hours structured over 12 weeks frequency depending on characteristics of participants Address reduction of family system and parental risk factors that predispose & contribute to involvement of crime

Sex offender programmes Violent offender programmes Individual Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Family work & Therapy

HOW DO WE UPHOLD OUR STANDARDS

Comprehensive Policy, Standards and Procedure Manual that was developed over the last 15 years Inclusive of high level frameworks, practice and professional standards (international & local), service and organizational procedures Dynamic, scientific & professional processes of design, development, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and review linking back to design and development

NICRO Programme Design, Implementation and Evaluation Model

PROGRAMME EVALUATION Research evaluation Step 1 What is to be evaluated? Identify stakeholders Cooperation of staff Specify programme objectives Specify evaluation objectives Choose variables Choose research design Implement measurement Analyse/interpret findings Report/implement results

PROGRAMME D & D Rothman & Thomass Model Phase 1 Problem analysis & programme planning Phase 2 Information gathering and synthesis Phase 3 Designs Phase 4 Early development and pilot testing Phase 5 Evaluation and advanced development Phase 6 Dissemination Strategic Planning

PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION & MANAGEMENT Logic Framework Inputs resources & personnel Outputs Participation Activities Outcomes Targets reached Impact Short term Medium term Long term Certain Evaluation activities to be undertaken

Staff Development and Performance

Job Description and KPAs
A.First three months of employment: Weekly individual and monthly group(thereafter according to PM level)

PM1: weekly individual and monthly group supervision Nicro National Training & Development Programs PM Assessment: Quarterly PM 2: bi-weekly individual and bi monthly group supervision PM 3: monthly individual and quarterly group supervision Training Impact Monitoring Regional; Provincial and Nodal group training & Development PM 4: (supervisees recognize when they need to seek consultation ) Professional Review /Appraisal March and September Supervision Agenda Supervision Contract

Individual staff development; modelling and training Training Impact Evaluation ( November)

Professional Development Plan ( March) CPD and Portfolios

PM 4 staff Assist with Student Supervision and Supervision of Development workers and SAW accountable to them

Educational /Developmental Agreement ( March)

NICRO :Monitoring and Evaluation Processes

A.Program; Process and Policy Design A.Monitoring and Evaluation Policy and Protocol (P2)

Direct Service Delivery

Staff Development and Performance (P3)

A.PM Measurement (Quarterly)

Organisational Performance

Customer Satisfaction

A.Systemi c

Program reviews (as needed)

Dashboards (Monthly)

Customer Grievances Protocol Client Survey

Staff Survey (Annual)

Program Impact research ( at least every 3 years)

Profess Reviews/ Performance ( 6 monthly) Training Impact Evaluation (Annual)

Regional Progress Reports (6 monthly) Regional Assessments (6 monthly)

Quality Assurance Assessments (ongoing) Unit Costing and Evaluation (Annual) Finance Department A.Enterpr ise Developm ent Departme nt B.Human resource Departme nts

Program Evaluation ( Pre/ Post Test ) Ongoing CMS and Statistics (output) Quarterly

Customer Consultation (ongoing)

Focus Groups ( clients) Personal Interviews ( clients) Focus Groups ( Stakeholders) Observation (ongoing)

Service Business Plan. Annual

A.NIC RO 2010

PROFESSIONAL WORKFORCE & PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Workforce of 214 professionals that is responsible for direct work with clients (excluding management 127 social work qualified - 123 degrees, 4 Diplomas 7 General Social Science with Specialization 38 Social Auxilliary Work Qualification 26 Grade 12 8 Other Qualifications varying theology to public administration Supervision central and critical to effective and impactful interventions/programmes

SUPERVISION
Overall implementation & management of services quality assurance and professional development Scientifically based process enhancing capacity and effectiveness SLS Model Administrative, Supportive , Motivational and Modeling

EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICES & QA

All work evidence based data & information generated in day to day work by practitioners, used in scientific way to feed into the development, monitoring, and evaluation of programmes Based on what works principles generated from practice guided by research evidence & literature All social work practices, have elements of research specifically in relation to evaluation designs

TRAINING

2 aspects continuous professional development and capacity building/ organizational development Internal training as well as external (stakeholders) External usually on request focus on broader aspects of diversion, also some requests for content & specialized training Learning from internal training training most effective focuses on professional development rather that procedural and structure Consider purposes & functions of stakeholders when doing training Training basic (core), intermediate and advanced specifically for content and process work informed by training needs analysis Training topics are based on what the group needs Careful not to load training - rather more frequent with continuous application monitoring Challenge application of learned knowledge & skills in practice Understand that standardization can only be developed to a certain extend careful to be procedural and prescriptive compromise the professional discretion and expertise of content specialists

TRAINING

Current essential topics

Assessment Practice Etiology & Nature of Offending behaviour, criminality & developmental pathways Offender specific sex offenders, drug addiction & treatment, Violent offenders General concepts Diversion, RJ, Sentencing Etiology & nature of changing behaviour professional skills Etiology & nature of victim trauma dynamics and impact specifically in relation to RJ involvement

NETWORKING & STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT

Central to community work as social work method This is how entrance into communities are gained and how solutions are assimilated into communities Generally challenging beliefs and attitudes of individuals & collective values and norms Involvement of traditional authorities particularly challenging in rural communities different paradigm and approach to offending behaviour Debate euro centrism, westernized ways of doing vs traditional whether a child is abused by family in Europe, America or Africa the emotional and psych impact on the child is the same it is the availability and effectiveness of resources to appropriately support the child to resolve the problem appropriately that is different Role should be as of any other facilitative, motivational and enabling

SAMPLE OF CASES
Geographical Distribution
June 09- November 09 Province Eastern Cape Free State Gauteng KZN %
6.5% 9.2% 31.1% 8.4%

December 09- May 10 %

7.7% 8.3% 25.4% 13.3%

Total Nr of Clients Number

180 193 766 300

Number
95 114 453 138

Number
85 79 313 162

%
7% 9% 29% 11%

Limpopo
Mpumalanga Northern Cape North West Western Cape Total

2.3%
6.2% 3.2% 4.9% 28.2%

30
95 49 72 431

4.4%
9.4% 3.8% 3.5% 24.3%

38
112 46 40 248

68
207 95 112 679

3%
8% 3% 4% 26%

100%

1477

100%

1123

2600

100%

PROPORTIONATE COMPARISON: CRIME RATE & REFERRAL RATE

Province Western Cape Gauteng with Mpumalanga Limpopo Free state North West Crime Rate Ranking 1st 2nd 5th 9th (lowest) 4th 8th (highest) Referral Rate Ranking 2nd 1st (highest) 5th 8th (lowest) 4th 7th

Eastern Cape
KZN Northern Cape

7th
6th 3rd

6th
3rd 8th (lowest)

35

FIGURE 5 : PROPORTIONATE COMPARISON: CRIME RATE AND REFERRAL RATE

PERCENTAGE %

30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Referrals Crime

Mpu Nort E. Free Gaut Limp N. W. KZN mala h Cape State eng opo Cape Cape nga West Referrals 7 9 29 11 3 8 3 4 26 Crime 3.4 4.9 7.4 3.8 1.7 4.3 6.2 3.2 9.5

PROVINCE

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
Age
Mpumalanga North West Free State Limpopo Northern Gauteng Western Eastern Cape Cape Cape 9 4 1 Total 43 187 578 709 191 118 145 153 244 170 45 14 3 KZN 4 11 50 74 30 20 18 23 38 23 8 1 1 6 24 32 5

Age Group <12 13-14 15-16 17-18 19-20 21-22 23-25 26-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 >60 Unknown 12 54 73 8 3 5 7 11 7

12 3 41 55 25 8 18 15 12 8 5 3 63 178 195 50 36 37 42 84 47 16 4 2

3 7 51 68 22 4 6 11 13 17 3 2

2 13 31 28 6 1 2 5 5 2

1 1 27 41 8 3 5 3 10 9 4

21 71 122 143 37 43 54 47 70 57

Total

180

193

766

300

68

207

95

112

679

2600

Age Average: 16.6 58% 18 and younger, 42 % 18<

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
Gender

Northern Cape

KZN

Total 567 2030 3 2600

Gender Female

Western Cape

Eastern Cape

Mpumalanga

North West

Free State

Limpopo

Gauteng

22

67

174

85

46

14

17

137

21.8%

Male

158

126

589

215

63

161

81

95

542

78.1%

Unknown Total 180 193

3 766 300 68 207 95 112 679

0.1% 100%

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
Race
Northern Cape Western Cape Eastern Cape Mpumalanga

North West

Free State

Limpopo

Gauteng

Total

KZN

Race

African
Asian Coloured White Unknown Total

115
2 60 3 180

171
1 12 9 193

613
12 34 106 1 766

253
24 12 10 1 300

65
1 2 68

187
1 1 18 207

35
2 57 1 95

105
4 3 112

160
1 449 68 1 679

1704
44 629 220 3 2600

65.5
1.69 24.2 8.46 0.12 100

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
Educational Status
Northern Cape

Western Cape

Eastern Cape

Mpumalanga

North West

Free State

Limpopo

Gauteng

Total 26 806 1138 271 150 209 2600

KZN

No Schooling School Drop Out Schooling Completed School Tertiary Education Unknown Total

1 68 71 12 4 24 180 62 82 17 20 12 193

6 174 383 88 39 76 766

4 119 118 36 16 7 300 68 7 60 1

11 45 111 29 9 2 207 95 32 52 9 2

3 31 46 13 5 14 112

1 268 215 66 55 74 679

% 1 31 43.8 10.4 5.77 8.04 100

70% educated

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
Employment Status
Northern Cape Western Cape Eastern Cape Mpumalanga North West Free State Limpopo Gauteng Total 138 333 83 604 341 1499

KZN

Employment Status Casual Employment Formally Employed Self employed Unemployed Unknown Total

9 9 14 27 59 118

15 17 13 57 1 103

34 105 21 131 107 398

23 31 8 92 33 187 4 1 6 1

13 24 9 37 15 98

4 5 1 16 14 40

5 15 2 29 15 66

35 126 15 211 96 483

% 9.21 22.2 5.54 40.3 22.7 100

40/40 unemployed & employed 24% unemployed for more than 3 years, 1 month 3 years

SERVICE DISTRIBUTION
Financial Crimes Prog

Programmes Attended
Specialised Assessment 63 78 141 31 38 1 3 5 2 18 119 40 16 29 181 617 Parenting Program Sex Offender Perpetrator

Anger Management

Assessment

CSO/PTCS

Life Skills

Journey

Matrix

Adapt

Eastern Cape Free State Gauteng KZN Limpopo Mpumalanga Northern Cape North West Western Cape Total

180 193 766 300 68 207 95 112 679 2600

39 5 39 8 5 2 7 1 26 132 102 1 32 61 8

11 86 119 123 1 5 14 2 265 626 1 3 2

13 45 10 6 28 11

114 105 494 85 54 146 67 12 2 8 25 25 15 52 10 1 4

5 18

2 3 10 1 3 4 32 71

62 4

19 8 2 11 7

5 57 175

86 319 1470

14 47 133

1 9 80

Total 433 543 1754 651 199 471 211 264 1626 6152

VOM

RGC

REFERRAL SOURCE
Northern Cape Total KZN Referral Source Western Cape

Eastern Cape

Mpumalanga

North West

Free State

Limpopo

Gauteng

Community
corrections Legal Aid /Private Lawyer Magistrate 39

1
1 50 1 9 1 9

2
1 27

3
2 136

0.2
0.13 9.1

Other
Place of Safety Prison Probation Officer Prosecutor SAPS School Family/Self referred Unknown Total

3
5 3

4
1

40
5 4 960 1311 7 88 33 11

2.7
0.3 0.3 36.9 50.4 0.3 3.9 1.3 0.4 100

65 64 3

85 98 2 1

446 191 6 43 13 4

24 268 1 1 1 4 300

61 1

119 55 11

69 10 6 1

1 95

90 529 22

3 1

2 180 193

766

68

207

95

112

679

2600

CRIME PROFILE
Northern Cape Western Cape Eastern Cape Mpumalanga North West Free State Offender Status Limpopo Gauteng Total 2323 159 118 2600 KZN % 89.3 6.12 4.54 100

First Offender Recidivist Unknown Total

158 9 13 180

173 9 11 193

690 41 35 766

294 5 1 300

59 4 5 68

178 6 23 207

71 11 13 95

92 13 7 112

608 61 10 679

Mpumalang

Cape North West

Free State

Limpopo

a Northern

Gauteng

Western

Eastern

Type of Crime

Cape

Cape

Total 3 2 14 434 293 52 40 10 81 23 12 963 6 70 228 304 20 371 7 409 2 809

KZN

Culpable Homicide Kidnapping Child Abuse Assault GBH Common Assault Domestic Violence Murder/Attempted Murder Weapons related crimes Robbery/Armed Robbery Rape/Attempted Rape Other Sexual Crimes Violent Crimes Total Dealing in Dagga/Alcohol/Other Narcotics DUI Possession of daggga/ alcohol/other narcotics Dug Related Offences Fraud Shoplifting Theft of/from M/Vehicle Theft/Attempted Theft Arson/Attempted Arson Economic Offences

17 22 7 2 1 12 2 63

1 25 11 1 2 6 3 49

1 1 2 134 97 7 4 2 34 9 2 293 6 4 52 62 8 106 1 123 1 239

81 34 1 3 11 1 1 132

24 3

3 3 1 34

1 1 5 40 40 11 4 2 3 4 2 113

18 11 1

6 31 9 12

3 4 34 61

64 66 13 27 2 9 2 1 184

1 18 19 32 20 52

1 4 5 1 63 30 94

1 15 16 16 101 117

2 2 1 7 8

1 6 7 3 17 30 50

1 8 9 17 1 10 28 0 4 3 2 11 20

61 123 184 4 116 3 77 1 201

% 0.1 0.1 0.5 16.7 11.3 2.0 1.5 0.4 3.1 0.9 0.5 37.0 0.2 2.7 8.8 11.6 0.8 14.3 0.3 15.7 0.1 31.1

Housebreaking& Theft/Attempted Housebreaking/Possession of housebreaking equipment Possession of Stolen Property Unauthorized Use of M/Vehicle Malicious damage to property/trespassing Property Crimes Reckless Driving; Driving without licence Other Victimless Crimes Victimless Crimes Other

13

13

40

14

12

18

33

155

6.0

2 2

2 1

26 3 101 285 20 21 41 137

1.0 0.1 3.9 10.9 0.8 0.8 1.5 5.3

12 28 3

12 27 2 5

33 80 7 6 13 54

4 22

1 14 2

4 17 2 2

2 8

1 21

32 68 4

2 2 14 0 9

6 10 26

3 1

7 2

0 11

2 7

4 13

Unknown
Total

14
180

9
193

25
766

1
300

1
68

3
207 95

1
112

6
679

60
2600

2.3
100

CONCLUSION
Structured programmes are only one type of action/activity that can be undertaken it is not the be all Programmes are not magic bullets implemented by individuals if the individuals are not professionally skilled, passionate and competent programmes will not be effective One needs all the ingredients