Data Processing

Presented by: Mojahid Islam PGDM (201012) VVISM Hyderabad

GROUP NO. 9
Presentation

on following topics: Introduction of computer Component of computer Computer in business Data processing Disk Operating system Windows operating system

computer
Computer is an electronic device that computes, especially a programmable electronic machine that performs high-speed mathematical or logical operations or that assembles, stores, correlates, or otherwise processes information.
The

first electronic computer was evolved in 1946, further it was divided into five generations.

Father of Computer is Charles Babbage

Components of computer

Components of computer
Computers

are complex devices, machines made out of an amalgam of parts and components . components are divided into two parts : EXTERNAL, and INTERNAL

INTERNAL PARTS OF COMPUTER

MOTHERBOARD CPU(central

processing unit) RAM(Random access memory) HDD(Hard disk drive) VIDEO CARD SOUND CARD PSU(Power supply unit)

Computers In Business
Computers

are used for all aspects of running a business. Computer use in a business enhances productivity and provides results that might not otherwise be possible. Businesses use computers to keep records, develop budgets and forecasts, prepare marketing documents, research and stay in contact with other employees and customers. Businesses should look at their operation and ensure that they are using their computers to the fullest extent.

The revolution of computers initially was used for complex data bases only. However people realized the many uses of computers and the hardware and software, for computers began to become, more user friendly and aimed at providing comfort, ease of operation and efficiency to the user. Some mostly used computer applications are: Accounts and payroll mngt Inventary control mngt SAP ATM

Data
Data: The word data is derived from Latin language. It is plural of Datum .
Data

is any collection of facts of figures. The data is the raw material to be processed by a computer.

Example, Names of students, marks obtained in the examination, designation of employees, addresses, quantity, rate, sales figures or anything that is input to the computer is data.

Types of Data
Mainly Data is divided into two types: 1. Numeric Data 2. Character Data

1. Numeric Data The data which is represented in the form of numbers is known as Numeric Data. This includes 0-9 digits, a decimal point (.), +, /, sign and the letters E or D. 2. Character Data Character data falls into two groups.
String Data Graphical Data

String Data
String data consists of the sequence of characters. Characters may be English alphabets, numbers or space. The space, which separates two words, is also a character. The string data is further divided into two types. a. Alphabetic Data b. Alphanumeric Data

Graphical Data
It is possible that pictures, charts and maps can be treated as data. The scanner is normally used to enter this type of data. The common use of this data is found in the National Identity Card.

Information

A collection of data which conveys some meaningful idea is information. It may provide answers to questions like who, which, when, why, what, and how.

or The raw input is data and it has no significance when it exists in that form. When data is collated or organized into something meaningful, it gains significance. This meaningful organization is information.

Data Processing
Data processing: Any operation or set of operations performed upon data, whether or not by automatic means, such as collection, recording, organization, storage, adaptation or alteration to convert it into useful information.

Data Processing Cycle

Once data is collected, it is processed to convert it into useful information. The data is processed again and again until the accurate result is achieved. This is called data processing cycle. The data processing is very important activity and involves very careful planning. Usually, data processing activity involves three basic activities. Input Processing Output

1. 2. 3.

Data Processing Cycle Step-1

1. Input

It is the process through which collected data is transformed into a form that computer can understand.

In input step, following activities can be performed. i) Verification The collected data is verified to determine whether it is correct as required. ii) Coding The verified data is coded or converted into machine readable form so that it can be processed through computer. iii) Storing The data is stored on the secondary storage into a file. The stored data on the storage media will be given to the program as input for processing.

Data Processing Cycle Step-2

2. Processing The term processing denotes the actual data manipulation techniques. i) Classification The data is classified into different groups and subgroups, so that each group or sub-group of data can be handled separately. ii) Storing The data is arranged into an order so that it can be accessed very quickly as and when required. iii) Calculations The arithmetic operations are performed on the numeric data to get the required results. For example, total marks of each student are calculated. iv) Summarizing The data is processed to represent it in a summarized form.It means that the summary of data is prepared for top management. For example, the summary of the data of student is prepared to show the percentage of pass and fail student examination etc.

Data Processing Cycle Step-3

3. Output
After completing the processing step, output is generated. The main purpose of data processing is to get the required result. Mostly, the output is stored on the storage media for later user. In output step, following activities can be performed. i) Retrieval Output stored on the storage media can be retrieved at any time. For example, result of students is prepared and stored on the disk. This result can be retrieved when required for different purposes. ii) Conversion The generated output can be converted into different forms. For example, it can be represented into graphical form. iii) Communication The generated output is sent to different places. For example, weather forecast is prepared and. sent to different agencies and newspapers etc. where it is required.

Methods of Data Processing

1.

Manual Data Processing: This method of data processing involves human intervention. The data are calculate or manipulate by human being with the help of pen and papers.

2 .EDP

Electronic data processing, an infrequently used term for what is today usually called "IS" (information services or systems). It is the data processing using electronic devices for manipulation of data to drive information.

Examples are : computers, electronic typewriter, ATM etc

3. Mechanical data processing In this processing only simple machines are involved. For example, calculators, abacus etc

4.Electro mechanical data processing In this processing electricity is required to operate the machine. Examples, cash register

Types of Data Processing

1.Batch processing In a batch processing group of transactions collected over a period of time is collected, entered, processed and then the batch results are produced. For example : Examination system and billing system.

Mode of Data Processing

2. Real time processing In a real time processing, there is a continual input, process and output of data. Data has to be processed in a small stipulated time period (real time), otherwise it will create problems for the system. For example , Weather forecasting etc

Disk Operating System (DOS)

What is DOS, and Why Learn About it?

As the name suggest, the operating system is used for operating the system or the computer. It is a set of computer programs and also known as DOS. DOS is a collection of programs and commands used to control the overall computer operation in a disk-based system

What is DOS, and Why Learn About it?

DOS is a command line operating system, it is user-friendly DOS can only run one program at a time. DOS can only run small programs and has memory limitations. DOS is an essential tool for IT professionals and is used extensively for troubleshooting. Microsoft developed (DOS), in 1981. DOS was designed for the IBM Personal Computer.

There are two types of command in DOS: Internal command External command Internal command:- internal commands are those which are loaded in the memory at booting time. For example- date, time, delete, copy. External command:- these are the commands exists an individual or separate programs. For example-tree

INTRODUCTION
An operating system (OS ) is software, consisting of programs and data, that runs on computers and manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for efficient execution of various application software. All communications between a computer and its input and output devices are controlled by an operating system. Windows is such an operation system that is designed to make the computer more user friendly, reliable, and entertaining experience.

 Windows

has emerged as the most popular Graphical User interface ( G.U.I ), it has made computer operation easier to users.

Windows

itself is actually a program and allows users to perform graphical tasks, which are not possible under DOS.

History Of Windows
The

first version of Ms Windows was released in Nov. 1985. Windows 2.0 was released in Nov. 1987. Windows 3.0 was released in May 1990. Windows 3.1 was released in April 1992. Windows 95 was released in Aug. 1995. Windows 98 was released in June 1988.

Windows NT Windows XP Windows server 2003 Windows Vista Windows Server 2008 Windows 7 Windows 8

Windows Operating System

It

has three basic parts :

Desktop Icons Windows

Desktop

My Computer Recycle Bin Taskbar Start Button Programs Documents Settings Find Help Run

Shut down

Icons
Two

types of icons :

Group icon
Example- Accessories, Game

Program icon
Example- MS Word, MS Excel

Types Of Windows
Two

types of windows :

Application windows
Application windows are those that contain a program that you are running and working with i.e. Microsoft Word, Excel. We also called parent window.

Document windows
Window area where you write a document or letter is called Document windows