INTERPERSONAL RELATION AND TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS

SANALRAJ.M.K,JWM/OFIL

All of us want .. ?

Success

Happiness
Can interpersonal Relations help us in securing more success and happiness ?

Interpersonal Relations ~
Relations arising from and issues relating to people interacting with other people; Skills required for improving interpersonal relations.

Can you have

Success and Happiness

without developing
Interpersonal Relations and all other related skills ?

Some background

As we grow up, we improve our skills at communicating our wants and needs, our feelings and thoughts, with our family members, to begin with, and the rest of the world, over a period of time.

We also learn to interpret other people's wants and needs, feelings and thoughts, so that we are aware of how our behaviour impacts on others.

We find that people with good interpersonal skills get along well, with people, and circumstances. They connect with other people effortlessly, they seem to know the right things to say and they generally succeed in whatever they do.

We find that these people are more comfortable with themselves, [ implying self-management ] and hence, we find that we are more comfortable in being with them.

Interestingly, we find that interpersonal skills are one of those things that you'll only really notice when someone doesn't have them!
And, understandably, if we are not good at these skills, it is the others who first notice it.

The good news is that It is possible for everyone of us to develop really effective interpersonal skills.

The question is, are we aware of the need, and if so, are we interested and committed to improving our skills, continuously ?

A commitment to spend a little time working on improving your interpersonal skills will pay huge dividends, throughout your future life.
Once again, the question is, are you ready, and if so, when are you going to begin ?

Johari
Known

--

Window.
Self
Unknown

O T H E R S

K N O W N

Open Arena

Blind Area

1
Hidden Area 3

2
Unknown Area 4

U N K N O W N

Johari

--

Window.
(4) Larger Unknown Area

2 4

Indifferent Behavior.

Low risk taking.

Withdrawn. Non communicative.

Unknown Area
[ I dont know, you also dont know. ]

No importance to interpersonal relations.

Johari
1

--

Window.
(3) Larger Hidden Area

Distrust. Masking to maintain personal image.

Fear of exposure of own inadequacies.

Hidden Area
[ I know, you dont Know. ]

Indifferent behavior.

Johari

-2

Window.
(2) Larger Blind Area: Distrust in others competence. Rigid opinions. Fear of failure.

[ I dont know,
You know ]

Blind Area

Johari
1

--

Window.
2
(1) Larger Open Area
Sensitive to needs of self and also that of others. High degree of mutual trust, concern and respect. Objective and meaningful relations. Open and authentic.

Open Area
[ I know, you Know. ]

 F E E D B A C K
KNOWN TO SELF
KNOWN TO OTHERS PUBLIC OR OPEN

UNKNOWN TO SELF

D I S C L O S U R E

BLIND

UNKNOWN TO OTHERS

PRIVATE

UNKNOWN

JOHARI

WINDOW

 Construction of Johari Window

Quadrants

Open: Adjectives that are selected by both the participant and his or her peers are placed into the Open quadrant. This quadrant represents traits of the participant of which both they and their peers are aware.
Hidden: Adjectives selected only by the participant, but not by any of their peers, are placed into the Hidden quadrant, representing information about the participant of which their peers are unaware. It is then up to the participant whether or not to disclose this information. Blind Spot: Adjectives that are not selected by the participant but only by their peers are placed into the Blind Spot quadrant. These represent information of which the participant is not aware, but others are, and they can decide whether and how to inform the individual about these "blind spots". Unknown: Adjectives which were not selected by either the participant or their peers remain in the Unknown quadrant, representing the participant's behaviors or motives which were not recognized by anyone participating. This may be because they do not apply, or because there is collective ignorance of the existence of said trait.

Johari adjectives

able

accepting
adaptable bold brave

calm
caring cheerful clever complex confident dependable dignified energetic

extroverted
friendly

giving
happy helpful idealistic independent ingenious intelligent introverted kind knowledgeable

logical
loving mature modest nervous observant organized

quiet
reflective relaxed religious responsive searching self-assertive self-conscious sensible sentimental

shy
silly smart spontaneous sympathetic tense trustworthy

Two key ideas behind the tool:

Individuals can build trust between themselves by disclosing information about themselves. They can learn about themselves and come to terms with personal issues with the help of feedback from others.

Using the Johari model, each person is represented by their own four-quadrant, or fourpane, window. Each of these contains and represents personal information - feelings, motivation - about the person, and shows whether the information is known or not known by themselves or other people.

Key Points:
In most cases, the aim in groups should be to develop the

Open Area for every person. Working in this area with others usually allows for enhanced individual and team effectiveness and productivity. The Open Area is the space where good communications and cooperation occur, free from confusion, conflict and misunderstanding. Self-disclosure is the process by which people expand the Open Area vertically. Feedback is the process by which people expand this area horizontally. By encouraging healthy self-disclosure and sensitive feedback, you can build a stronger and more effective team.

Transactional analysis
TA was developed by Canadian-born USpsychiatrist, Eric Berne, during the late 1950s.

 Transactional Analysis (T/A) is one of the tools developed by behavioral scientists which is used for analysis of transactions A transaction means any exchange or interaction that occurs between two or more persons.

The Ego-State (or ParentAdult-Child, PAC) model

Parent ("exteropsyche"): a state in which people behave, feel, and think in response to an unconscious mimicking of how their

parents (or other parental figures) acted, or how they interpreted their parent's actions. For example, a person may shout at someone out of frustration because they learned from an influential figure in childhood the lesson that this seemed to be a way of relating that worked.

 Adult ("neopsyche"): a state of the ego which is most like a computer processing information and making predictions absent of

major emotions that could affect its operation. Learning to strengthen the Adult is a goal of TA. While a person is in the Adult ego state, he/she is directed towards an objective appraisal of reality.

 Child ("archaeopsyche"): a state in which people behave, feel and think similarly to how they did in childhood. For example, a

person who receives a poor evaluation at work may respond by looking at the floor, and crying or pouting, as they used to when scolded as a child. Conversely, a person who receives a good evaluation may respond with a broad smile and a joyful gesture of thanks. The Child is the source of emotions, creation, recreation, spontaneity and intimacy.

Phenomena behind the transactions

Life positions
In TA theory,"Life Position" refers to the general feeling

about life (specifically, the unconscious feeling, as opposed to a conscious philosophical position) that colours every dyadic (i.e. person-to-person) transaction. Initially four such Life Positions were proposed: "I'm Not OK, You're OK" (I-U+) "I'm Not OK, You're Not OK" (I-U-) "I'm OK, You're Not OK" (I+U-) "I'm OK, You're OK" (I+U+)

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