EnterpriseDialPlanfundamentalsBRKVVT2008 brkvvt2008

Enterprise Dial-Plan Fundamentals
BRKVVT-2008
BRKVVT-2008_c2
2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cisco Public
BRKVVT-2008 Abstract
This session explains the various Cisco Unified Communications Manager (Unified CM) fundamental elements used to construct a dial plan; attendees learn how closest match routing works in Cisco Unified CM, how partitions and calling search spaces function as well as the various constructs available to route on-net and off-net calls
Other concepts such as Class of Service, Class of Service for Cisco Unified SRST, Internal and External Alternate routing, calling- and called-party translations are also covered; this session provides a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental elements involved in an Enterprise Dial-Plan design and is a prerequisite for the Advanced Dial-Plan session
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Enterprise Dial Plan Fundamentals

Parts List
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Agenda
Call Routing Basics
Calling Search Spaces and Partitions Building Class of Service
Building Class of Service Unified SRST (COR)

Alternate Routing Tail-End Hop-Off (TEHO)
Other Tools
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Dial Plan
Route Pattern Ext. 1000
The IP Routing of IP Telephony

9.1408XXXXXXX
Cisco Unified CM Gatekeeper
GK
IP WAN
Remote Cisco Unified CM
Ext. 1001
Router/GW
PSTN
+1 408 5264000
Cisco Unified CM Routes Two Basic Call Types:

On-Cluster Calls: Destination Directory Number (DN) is registered with Cisco Unified CM. DNs are considered internal routes. Off-Cluster Calls: Destination Number is not registered with Cisco Unified CM. Route Patterns are configured to allow for external routes. Alternate routes:
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Allow On-Cluster and Off-Cluster calls to attempt alternate paths to destination (e.g. IP WAN not available, go through PSTN)
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Cisco Unified CM Call Routing Logic

Commonly Used Wildcards
Delimiter (Does Not Match Any Digits)Used for Discarding Range of Digits (Between 2 and 9) Single Digit Between 0 and 9
9 . [2-9] XXXXXX
One or More Occurrences of Digits Between 0 and 9 The # DigitUsed to Avoid InterDigit Timeout
9.011! #
A Macro That Enters the Whole North American Numbering Plan into Cisco Unified CM
9. @
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(or a Different Countrys Numbering Plan if Using the International Dial Plan Tool)
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Patterns Pattern Description
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, Match Exactly One Keypad Button 8, 9, *, #

X [xy*z] Any Single Digit in the Range 09 Exactly One of Any of the Keypad Buttons in the Brackets
[x-y]
[^x-y] ! wildcard? wildcard+ @ <blank>
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Exactly One of Any Digit Between x and y Inclusively

Any Digit That Is Not Between x and y Inclusively One or More Digits in the Range 09 Zero or More Occurrences of the Previous Wildcard One or More Occurrences of the Previous Wildcard Numbering Plan MacroMore Later Immediately Route Call with No Digits
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Matching Patterns
1111 *1*1 12XX 13[25-8]6 13[^3-9]6
Matches 1111 Matches *1*1 Matches Numbers Between 1200 and 1299 Matches 1326, 1356, 1366, 1376, 1386 Matches 1306, 1316, 1326, 13*6, 13#6 Matches Any Number That Begins with 13, Is Followed by One or More Digits, and Ends with #; 135# and 13579# Are Example Matches
13!#
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Numbering Plans
@ wildcard is a macro for patterns in Numbering Plan files; groups dialed digits and assigns name tags; default is North American Numbering Plan (NANP); NANP definition is included on Cisco Unified CM in the text file
@ wildcard is 166 very specific route patterns
In 4.x, can see patterns here:

C:\Program Files\Cisco\DialPlan\NANP In 5.x/6.x, it is not accessible
International dial plans available

http://www.cisco.com/cgi-bin/tablebuild.pl/IDP
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Route Filters The Basics
Route Pattern North American Numbering Plan: 9.[2-9]11 9.[2-9]XX XXXX 9.1 [2-9]XX [2-9]XX XXXX 9.011 !
9.@
The @ wildcard represents all the routes defined in the national numbering plan Cisco Unified CM identifies tags in each number:
INTERNATIONAL-ACCESS AREA-CODE OFFICE-NUMBER ...
INTERNATIONAL-ACCESS DOES-NOT-EXIST AND AREA-CODE DOES-NOT-EXIST
Route filters are logical expressions that operate on these tags Useful for blocking 900, pay-per-call, international...
Actual Routes in Cisco Unified CM: 9.[2-9]11 9.[2-9]XX XXXX

BRKVVT-2008_c2 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
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Route Filters Configuration
LIMITATION: Entire Route Filter Can Contain up to 1024 Characters (Excludes NOT-SELECTED Fields)
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Basic Principle
User Dials 1200
Route Patterns
1XXX
12XX
User Dials 1234
Directory Numbers
1234
1234
Cisco Unified CM matches the most specific pattern (longest-match logic) For call routing, an IP phone directory number acts as a route pattern that matches a single number
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Example (1)
Configured Route Patterns Users Dial String: 1111 1211 1[23]XX Cisco Unified CM Actions: 131 1[0-4]XX 13!
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Example (2)
Configured Route Patterns Users Dial String: <Off Hook> 1111 1211 1[23]XX Cisco Unified CM Actions: Provide Dial Tone Wait 131 1[0-4]XX 13! Might Match
Might Match
Might Match Might Match Might Match
Might Match
Digit analysis: match(fqcn="9195555644", cn="15644", pss="PA:Line1:Cisco:Local:Long Distance:International", dd=") Digit analysis: potentialMatches=PotentialMatchesExist
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Example (3)
Configured Route Patterns Users Dial String: 1 1111 1211 1[23]XX Cisco Unified CM Actions: Break Dial Tone Wait 131 1[0-4]XX 13! Might Match
Might Match
Might Match
Digit analysis: match(fqcn="9195555644", cn="15644", pss="PA:Line1:Cisco:Local:Long Distance:International", dd=1") Digit analysis: potentialMatches=PotentialMatchesExist
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Example (4)
Configured Route Patterns Users Dial String: 13 1111 1211 1[23]XX Cisco Unified CM Actions: Wait 131 1[0-4]XX 13! Doesnt Match
Doesnt Match
Might Match
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Example (5)
Configured Route Patterns Users Dial String: 131 1111 1211 1[23]XX Cisco Unified CM Actions: Keep WaitingMore Digits Might Cause a Different Pattern to Match 131 1[0-4]XX 13! Doesnt Match
Doesnt Match
Might Match Match! Might Match
Match! and Might Match
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Example (6)
Configured Route Patterns Users Dial String: 1311 1111 1211 1[23]XX Cisco Unified CM Actions: Keep WaitingMore Digits Might Cause a Different Pattern to Match 131 1[0-4]XX 13! Doesnt Match
Doesnt Match
Match! Doesnt Match Match!
Match! and Might Match
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Example (7)
Configured Route Patterns Users Dial String: 1311<timeout> 1111 1211 1[23]XX Cisco Unified CM Actions: Extend Call to the Best Match 131 1[0-4]XX 13! Doesnt Match
Doesnt Match
Match!
Can You Tell Which Route Pattern Is the Best Match in This Case?
Hint: We Are Being Crafty to Make Sure You Remember Forever
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Example (8)
Configured Route Patterns Users Dial String: 1311<Timeout> Matches 200 Digit Strings Matches 500 Digit Strings Matches Digit Strings, but for the purposes of Closest Match Routing in this case, this matches 100 Digit Strings because you only consider the number of Potential Strings Given the Number of Digits Dialed
1111 1211 1[23]XX 131 1[0-4]XX 13!
Doesnt Match
Doesnt Match
Match!
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Agenda
Call Routing Basics

Other Tools
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Partitions and Calling Search Spaces

Analogy (1 of 4)
Rita Wants to Call Dave To Do So, She Needs to Know Daves Number
Miami Yellow Pages Dave 305 555 5000
Dave Lists His Number in a Directory
Rita
Dave 305 555 5000

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Analogy (2 of 4)
To Look up Numbers, Rita Looks Through the Directories She Owns Ritas List of Directories Dallas White Pages Outlook Address Book
Miami Yellow Pages Dave 305 555 5000
Little Black Book

If She Doesnt Have the Right Directory She Cant Place the Call Dave 305 555 5000
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Rita
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Analogy (3 of 4)
But If She Has the Directory Dave Has Listed His Number in Ritas List of Directories Dallas White Pages Miami Yellow Pages
Miami Yellow Pages
Dave
305 555 5000
Little Black Book
the Call Will Go Through
Rita
Dave 305 555 5000

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Analogy (4 of 4)
The Directory in Which Daves Number Is Listed Is His Numbers Partition Ritas List of Directories Dallas White Pages Miami Yellow Pages
Miami Yellow Pages Dave

305 555 5000
Little Black Book
The List of Directories in Which Rita Looks up Numbers Is Her Calling Search Space
Rita
Dave 305 555 5000

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Concepts
PartitionA
CSS1
Phones
PartitionA PartitionB
2002 2001 2000

Dialable Patterns
Lines
(Directory Numbers) Translation Patterns Route Patterns
7 [Transform Mask: 2001]
Dialing Devices
CSS2
Lines
PartitionB
911 9.[2-9]XXXXXX 9.[2-9]XX[2-9]XXXXXX

PartitionB
CSS3
Gateways
PartitionB PartitionA
5000 900X 99XX 8001 8000 9.011!
Application Numbers
(CTI Route Points, CTI Ports)
Special numbers
(MeetMe, CallPickup...) Voice Mail Ports Route Patterns
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CSS4
Applications
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PartitionA
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Impact of the Partition Order in a CSS
Calling Search Space Z Most specific patterns are chosen irrespective Partition A of partition order
User dials 2345
1XXX 23XX
Partition order is only used as a tie-breaker in case of equal matches
Partition B Device
12XX
User dials 1234
23XX
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Q3: Quick Quiz Question What Is Needed for Phone A to Be Able to Call Phone B and Vice Versa?
Phone A Line 1000 Phone B Line 2000
Line 1000 and Line 2000 Must Be in the Same Partition Phone A and Phone B Must have same Calling Search Space All of the above None of the above Phone As Calling Search Space Must Contain Line 2000s Partition, and Phone Bs Calling Search Space Must Contain Line 1000s Partition
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Agenda
Call Routing Basics

Other Tools
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Building Classes of Service

Routing by User Class or Location
Cisco Unified CM Unified CM Cluster
*
IP WAN
International Calls Exec Phones
Central Site
Local Calls Office Phones Remote Sites Emergency Calls Lobby Phones
PSTN
...
Instruct these Phones to Use Their Local Gateway for PSTN Access
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Create Dial-Plan Policy Groups to Define Calling Restrictions


Typical Example of User Classes
Calling Search Space Assigned to IP Phone Based on Policy
Calling Search Spaces
Partitions
All IP Phones, Voice Mail, Media Resources, 911 Route Pattern
InternalOnly
Internal
LocalOnly
Local
Local Route Patterns Long Distance Route Patterns
Unrestricted
Long Distance
Default CSS
<None>
2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
<None>
Default Partition
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External Route Construct
Route Pattern
Matches dialed number for external calls Points to a route list for routing Performs digit manipulation (optional) Route Pattern
Route List
Points to prioritized route groups Performs digit manipulation (opt) 1st Choice Route Group 1
Route List 2nd Choice Route Group 2 1st Choice

GK
Route Group
Points to the actual devices Distribution algorithm
2nd Choice
Devices
Gateways (MGCP, SCCP, H.323) Gatekeeper (H.323) Trunk (H.323, ICT, SIP)
IP WAN
PSTN
Configuration Order
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External Routes in Unified CM

Route Group Device Types
New in 7.0!
Route Group
Local Route Group
GK
MGCP Gateways
H.323 Gateways
(H.225)
Inter-Cluster Trunk
(Non-GK Controlled)
GK-Controlled Trunk
SIP Trunk
Cat 6K T1/E1 Cisco IOS Gateways VG series Dial Plan Config. Cisco Unified CM
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All Cisco IOS Gateways Base Dial Plan Configured in Cisco IOS
Other Cisco Unified CM clusters
Cisco IOS gatekeeper Delegates Ext. IP WAN Routing to the GK
Other Cisco Unified CM clusters or SIP Network
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Single Site Deployment Example: Composite Dial-Plan View
Partitions
Internal
Route Lists
Route Groups
Devices
Internal Only
All IP Phones 911 9.911

Local
Route Patterns
Local
9.[2-9]XXXXXX
National
National
9.1 [2-9]XX [2-9]XX XXXX International
PSTN RL
PSTN RG
PSTN
International
9.011! 9.011!# <none>

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<none>
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Routing by Location
Unified CM Cluster
*
IP WAN
Central Site
PSTN
Remote Sites
...
Instruct these Phones to Use Their Local Gateway for PSTN Access
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Centralized Deployment Example: Composite Dial-Plan View
Partitions
RTP911
911 9.911
Route Lists
Route Groups
Devices
Route Patterns
RTP PSTN RTP PSTN
PSTN RTP Gateways
RTPInternal
RTP_PSTN
9.[29]XXXXXX 9.1[29]XX[2-9]XXXXXX 9.011! 9.011!#
RTP Phones
RTPAllCalls
OnCluster
All IP Phones NYCInternal

NYC911
911 9.911
NYC Phones
NYCAllCalls
NYC_PSTN
9.[29]XXXXXX 9.1[29]XX[29]XXXXXX 9.011! 9.011!#
NYC PSTN
NYC PSTN
PSTN
NYC Gateways Note that no IP trunks are shown, as only one cluster is considered.
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Deployment Options
1. Traditional CSS Approach
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Traditional CSS Approach for Centralized Deployments
Calling Search Spaces Partitions RTP911 911 9.911 RTPinternal RTP_PSTN 9.[2-9]XXXXXX 9.1[2-9]XX[2-9]XXXXXX 9.011! 9.011!# OnCluster All IP Phone DNs Route Lists Route Groups
RTP Devices
Route Patterns
Device CSS Dictates: Class of Service Path Selection
RTP RL
RTP RG
RTPunrestricted
RTP Gateways
NYC Devices
NYCinternal
NYC911 911 9.911 NYC_PSTN 9.[2-9]XXXXXX 9.1[2-9]XX[2-9]XXXXXX 9.011! 9.011!#
# CSS = N x C
N = # of Sites C = # of Classes of Service
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NYC RL
NYC RG
NYCunrestricted
NYC Gateways
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Deployment Options

2. Line/Device CSS Approach
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Line/Device CSS Interaction
Line CSS
Partition L1
Partition L2
Resulting CSS
Partition L1 Partition L2 Partition L3 Partition D1 Partition D2
Line
Partition L3
Device CSS
Partition D1 Partition D2 Partition D3
Partition D3
Device
The resulting CSS is the concatenation of the Line CSS with the Device CSS. The <none> CSS is always implied at the end.
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Line/Device CSS Interaction
Device Configuration
Line Configuration
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Line/Device CSS Approach: Key Concept
Line CSS Selectively Blocks Undesired Routes (According to Class of Service)
Line
Blocked Translation Pattern
Line CSS
Block Intl Partition 9.011!
Resulting CSS
Block Intl Partition 9.011!
PSTN Partition 9.011!
Device CSS Allows Access to All External Routes

Device
Device CSS
PSTN Partition 9.[2-9]XXXXXX 9.1[2-9]XX[2-9]XXXXXX 9.011!
...
Routed Route Patterns

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Line/Device CSS Approach: Translation Pattern Config
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Line/Device CSS Approach for Centralized Deployments
CSSs Partitions BlockedPSTN 9.[2-9]XXXXXX 9.1[2-9]XX[2-9]XXXXXX 9.011! 9.011!# OnCluster All IP Phone DNs Route Lists Route Groups Blocked Translation Patterns
All Lines
Line CSS Dictates: Class of Service
Internal
Unrestricted (No Blocks)
RTP Devices
Device CSS Dictates: Path Selection
RTPDevices
RTP_PSTN 911 9.911 9.[2-9]XXXXXX 9.1[2-9]XX[2-9]XXXXXX 9.011! 9.011!# NYC_PSTN 911 9.911 9.[2-9]XXXXXX 9.1[2-9]XX[2-9]XXXXXX 9.011! 9.011!#
RTP RL
RTP RG
RTP Gateways
# CSS = N + C
N = # of sites C = # of classes of service
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NYC Devices
NYCDevices
NYC RL
NYC RG
NYC Gateways
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Comparison of the Two Methods
CSSs Partitions
OnCluster Shared Site1Internal Site1Local Site1Emergency Site1Local Site1National Site1International Site2Emergency Site2Local Site2National Site2International Internal Local National International
CSSs
Partitions
OnCluster Shared BlockPSTN LocalOnlyPSTN NoIntlPSTN NoBlocks Site1PSTN Site2PSTN Site3PSTN
Site1National Site1International Site2Internal
Site2Local
Site2National Site2International
1 2 3
Site1Devices Site2Devices Site3Devices
SiteNInternal
SiteNLocal SiteNEmergency SiteNLocal SiteNNational SiteNInternational
SiteNNational SiteNInternational
SiteNDevices
SiteNPSTN
(N*4) CSSs
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((N*4) + 2) Partitions
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(N + 4) CSSs
(N + 6) Partitions
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The Line/Device CSS Approach

CallForward Caveats (1 of 2)
Forwarded calls use the CallFwdxxx CSSs only; these values are not concatenated with Line or Device CSS
If forwarded calls must have unrestricted privileges, set the CallFwdxxx CSSs to the site-specific unrestricted Device CSS If forwarded calls must be restricted to internal numbers only, set the CallFwdxxx CSSs to a single, global CSS with access only to internal partitions If forwarded calls must have some intermediate restriction (e.g., no international calls), this approach may lose efficiency, as additional site-specific CSSs will be needed In Unified CM 5.x and 6.x, a new CSS [Secondary Calling Search Space for CallForwardAll] has been added, allowing for CFA to have all the classes of service afforded by the line/device approach (primary CFA CSS ~ Line; secondary CFA CSS ~ Device)
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CallForward Caveats (2 of 2)
CallFwdAll CSS Activation Policy (6.x only)

1. With Configured CSS
The configured CFAll and Secondary CSS for CFAll are used
2. With Activating Device/Line CSS

The CallFwdAll Primary and Secondary CSS for Forward All automatically gets populated with the Directory Number CSS and Device CSS, respectively, for the activating device
3. Use System Default

The CFA CSS Activation Policy cluster-wide service parameter determines which Forward All Calling Search space will be used
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Call Forward All 6.x Configuration
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Other Caveats
Blocking translation patterns configured within the Line CSS must be at least as specific as the route patterns configured within the Device CSS
(Watch for the @ wildcard, as its patterns are very specific)
AAR uses a different CSS for rerouted calls; in most cases, this CSS can be the same as the unrestricted site-specific Device CSS
Priority order between line and device is reversed for CTI route points and CTI ports; therefore, the Line/Device CSS approach cannot be directly applied to CTI devices, such as original Cisco Softphone (not IP Communicator)
In this case, it is viable only if blocked patterns are more specific than the routed ones (i.e. not relying on order of the partitions)
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Deployment Options

2. Line/Device CSS Approach
a. Optional new feature with Unified CM 7.0 which reduces number of Route Patterns configured in the system: LOCAL ROUTE GROUP
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Local Route Group

What It Is: Concept
Allow the site-specificity of call routing to be established by the calling devices location (as derived from device pool)
Different endpoints in different sites would be associated with different local route groups: they can all call the same set of Route Patterns, yet the calls will be routed differently, based on the callers currently associated local route group
In practical terms, route patterns (i.e. patterns to off-cluster destinations) can serve all phones in the cluster, and the PATH SELECTION will be determined by the phones configuration.
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Local Route Group

Without It: Scalability for Centralized Deployments, Two Sites
CSSs Internal Partitions
BlockedPSTN 9.[2-9]XXXXXX 9.1[2-9]XX[2-9]XXXXXX 9.011! 9.011!#
Route Lists Blocked Translation Patterns
Route Groups
All Lines
Unrestricted
(No Blocks)
OnCluster All IP Phone DNs
SFO Devices
SFOPSTN
911
9.911
SFODevices
9.[2-9]XXXXXX 9.1[2-9]XX[2-9]XXXXXX 9.011! 9.011!#
SFO RL
SFO RG
SFO Gateways
JFK Devices
JFKPSTN 911 9.911
JFKDevices
9.[2-9]XXXXXX 9.1[2-9]XX[2-9]XXXXXX 9.011! 9.011!#
JFK RL
JFK RG
JFK Gateways
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Local Route Group

Without It: Scalability for Centralized Deployments, Four Sites
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Local Route Group

Without It: Scalability for Centralized Deployments, 1000 Sites
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Local Route Group

With It: GW Chosen by Association to Calling Device
CSSs
Partitions
Route Lists
Route Groups
DFW devices DP: DFW_DP
Choice of Local Route Group based on calling devices Device Pool configuration DFW RG
DFWDevices
DFW Gateways
SFO devices DP: SFO_DP
US_pstn_part
SFODevices
9.1[2-9]XX[2-9]XXXXXX
US LOC RL
Local Route group
SFO RG
SFO Gateways
JFK devices DP: JKF_DP
JFK RG
JFKDevices
JFK Gateways
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Local Route Group

What It Is: Screen Shot
Device pool is sitespecific
Local route group is associated with device pool Local route group is thus associated with all devices using a given device pool: e.g. phones, gateways
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Local Route Group

What It Is: Screen Shot
Route lists can now refer to Local Route Groups as well as regular route group Allows for simple local failover
In this example, calls go to the centralized US GW (in site HQ), and fallback to the local route group
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Local Route Group

CSSs
Internal
With It We Can Start from This, for Two Sites

Partitions
BlockedPSTN 9.[2-9]XXXXXX 9.1[2-9]XX[2-9]XXXXXX
Route Lists
Route Groups
All Lines
9.011!
9.011!#
Blocked Translation Patterns
SFOPSTN 911 9.911
SFODevices
9.[2-9]XXXXXX 9.1[2-9]XX[2-9]XXXXXX 9.011! 9.011!#
SFO RL
SFO RG
SFO Gateways
JFKPSTN 911 9.911
JFKDevices
9.[2-9]XXXXXX 9.1[2-9]XX[2-9]XXXXXX 9.011! 9.011!#
JFK RL
JFK RG
JFK Gateways
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Local Route Group

CSSs
Internal
With It and End up with This, for Two Sites

Partitions
BlockedPSTN 9.[2-9]XXXXXX 9.1[2-9]XX[2-9]XXXXXX
Route Lists
Route Groups
All Lines
9.011!
9.011!#
Blocked Translation Patterns
HQ RG
HQ Gateways
US_pstn_part
911 9.911
SFODevices
9.[2-9]XXXXXX 9.1[2-9]XX[2-9]XXXXXX 9.011! 9.011!#
US LOC RL
SFO RG
SFO Gateways US LD RL Local Route group JFK RG
2nd pref
JFKDevices
JFK Gateways
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Comparison Line/Device With and Without LRG
CSSs Partitions
OnCluster Shared Internal Local National International BlockPSTN LocalOnlyPSTN NoIntlPSTN NoBlocks Site1PSTN Site2PSTN Site3PSTN Internal Local National International
CSSs
Partitions
OnCluster Shared BlockPSTN LocalOnlyPSTN NoIntlPSTN NoBlocks Cluser-PSTN
1 2 3
1 2 3
SiteNPSTN
SiteNDevices
SiteNDevices
(N + 4) CSSs
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(N + 6) Partitions
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(N + 4) CSSs
(1 + 6) Partitions
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Line/Device CSS Approach + LRG

Benefits Summary
200 Sites; Four Classes of Service; Six Unique Route Patterns
Traditional Approach:
# of Part = 802
# of CSS = 800 # of RP = 1200
Line/Device Approach:
# of Part = 206 # of CSS = 204 # of RP = 1200
Line/Device with LRG:

# of Part = 7 # of CSS = 204 # of RP = 7
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Agenda
Call Routing Basics
Building Class of Service SRST (COR)

Other Tools
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Classes of Service for Unified SRST (COR)

Rationale
Class of Service
Unified SRST Router COR config
Cisco Unified CM Cluster
Unrestricted Internal + Local
IP WAN
Central Site
PSTN
InternalOnly
Sydney
When WAN connection is lost, Cisco Unified CM classes of service are also lost all remote phones gain unrestricted PSTN access Class of Restriction (COR) configuration on branch router allows preservation of classes of service in Unified SRST mode
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COR Logic (1)
2 1
Choose Outgoing Dial-Peer Based on Matching Pattern Check All the Locks of the Outgoing Corlist Against the Keys of the Incoming Corlist
dial-peer voice 2 pots destination-pattern 1..
corlist outgoing c2 Member A

Member B
dial-peer voice 1 voip
Call 100
corlist incoming c1 Member A Member B Member C dial-peer voice 3 pots destination-pattern 2.. corlist outgoing c3 Member A Incoming Corlist Has All the Needed Keys (i.e., Outgoing Corlist Is a Subset of Incoming); The Call Can Be Completed
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Member B Member D
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COR Logic (2)
2 1
Choose Outgoing Dial-Peer Based on Matching Pattern Check All the Locks of the Outgoing Corlist Against the Keys of the Incoming Corlist
dial-peer voice 2 pots destination-pattern 1..
corlist outgoing c2 Member A

Member B
dial-peer voice 1 voip
Call 200
corlist incoming c1 Member A Member B Member C dial-peer voice 3 pots destination-pattern 2.. corlist outgoing c3 Member A
3
Incoming Corlist Is Missing Some Keys (i.e., Outgoing Corlist Is Not a Subset of Incoming Corlist); The Call Cannot Be Completed
?
STOP
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Member B Member D
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How to Recreate Partitions and CSSs
Incoming COR Lists (CSSs) Other Phones call-manager-fallback
cor incoming InternalCSS default
Outgoing COR Lists (Partitions) dial-peer voice 1 pots destination-patt 911

corlist outgoing EmPt Member Emergency
Member Emergency dial-peer voice 2 pots destination-patt 9[2-9]...... cor incoming 1 LocalCSS 2001 Member Emergency 2001 Member Local cor incoming 2 IntlCSS 2002
corlist outgoing LocalPt Member Local
dial-peer voice 3 pots destination-patt 91[2-9]..[2-9].....

corlist outgoing LDPt
Member Emergency
Member Local 2002 Member LD Member Intl
Member LD
dial-peer voice 4 pots destination-patt 9011T

corlist outgoing IntlPt Member Intl
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SRST COR Limitations
Maximum number of cor incoming statements under callmanager-fallback is 21 (including default) in Unified SRST v4.1 [Cisco IOS 12.4(15)T]
If manager phone DNs are not consecutive and the Unified SRST site is relatively large, this may become an obstacle to establishing appropriate classes of service If the cor incoming default command is not used, a device/ DN with no corlist assignment is essentially unrestricted
CME-as-SRST cor incoming statements configured under the ephone-dn; no default command available
(CME = Call Manager Express)
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Agenda
Call Routing Basics

Other Tools
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Dial Plan
Route Pattern Ext. 1000
The IP Routing of IP Telephony

9.1408XXXXXXX
Cisco Unified CM Gatekeeper
GK
IP WAN
Remote Cisco Unified CM
Ext. 1001
Router/GW
PSTN
+1 408 5264000
Cisco Unified CM Routes Two Basic Call Types:

On-Cluster Calls: Destination Directory Number (DN) is registered with Cisco Unified CM. DNs are considered internal routes. Off-Cluster Calls: Destination Number is not registered with Cisco Unified CM. Route Patterns are configured to allow for external routes. Alternate routes:
BRKVVT-2008_c2
Allow On-Cluster and Off-Cluster calls to attempt alternate paths to destination (e.g.: IP WAN not available, go through PSTN)
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Alternate Routing
Basics
Mechanisms that allow Unified CM to route a call through an alternate path if the preferred path is not available
e.g. IP path not usable/not enough bandwidth/phone unregisteredthen reroute the call through the PSTN
Alternate Routing is not triggered on events happening mid-call Alternate Routing for on-cluster routes:
Automated Alternate Routing (AAR) for calls to on-cluster IP endpoints when there is not enough bandwidth Call Forward Un-Registered (CFUR) for calls to IP endpoints when the destination is unreachable (e.g. a remote site in SRST)
Alternate Routing for off-cluster routes:

The Route List/Route Groups construct provides alternate routing for external routes
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Alternate Routing for Internal Routes

Internal Routes in Unified CM
IP Phones
Voice Messaging Call Park
On-cluster destinations
Software Phone
Auto-Attendant Translation Patterns
Analog Phones (FXS ports)
IVR
911 (Emergency Responder)
Endpoints
Applications with Media

Cisco Public
Non-media Services
71

Call Admission Control (CAC) without AAR
Call From: DN 2222 Call To: DN 1111 CALL NOT ALLOWED! PhoneA: Region SF; Location SF PhoneB: Region NY; Location NY SF-NY Codec: G.729, ergo 24k SF Location Avail BW: 24k - OK! NY Location Avail BW: 1k - NO!
User Dials 1111

SF_GW
Unified CM Cluster
Bandwidth Not Available! NY_GW
IP WAN
Phone A DN: 2222 San Francisco Location: SF Region: SF
Phone B DN: 1111 New York Location: NY Region: NY

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PSTN

AAR Components
4) AAR Group configured on Device Pool, Device, or DN (ex., USA) 6) AAR CSS configured on Device or DN 2) AAR Destination Mask Or External Mask configured on DN (ex., 212 555 XXXX) 3) AAR Group configured on Device Pool, Device, or DN (ex., USA)
1) AAR Enabled for Cluster 5) AAR Group Dial Prefixes configured (ex., 91)
Unified CM Cluster SF_GW
NY_GW
IP WAN

73
PSTN

AAR Decision Tree
YES AAR Voicemail Box Checked? YES
NO YES AAR Destination Mask Set? NO YES AAR Group Configured? Prefix digits from AAR Group Table to AAR destination
AAR Configured?
YES
External Mask On Destination Set?
YES
NO
NO NO
Deny the call

Route the Call using the Calling devices AAR CSS

74

Call Admission Control (CAC) with AAR
Call From: DN 2222 Call To: DN 1111 CALL NOT ALLOWED! PhoneA: Region SF; Location SF PhoneB: Region NY; Location NY SF-NY Codec: G.729, ergo 24k SF Location Avail BW: 24k - OK! NY Location Avail BW: 1k - NO! WAIT! AAR IS ENABLED!
User Dials 1111
SF_GW Bandwidth Not Available! NY_GW
Unified CM Cluster
IP WAN

75
PSTN

DN 1111s External Phone Number Mask = 212555XXXX => New Destination = 2125551111 Within AAR Group USA, Prefix Dialing = 91 => New Destination = 912125551111 AAR CSS of PhoneA Contains RP 9.1[2-9]XX[2-9]XXXXXX which Points to SF_GW Call Is Now Attempted From 2222, To 912125551111, Via the SF_GW
DNs AAR Group: USA Device AAR CSS: Unrestricted
DNs External Mask: 212 555 XXXX AAR Group: USA Bandwidth Not Available! NY_GW
Unified CM Cluster SF_GW
IP WAN

76
PSTN

Call From: DN 2222 Call To: RP 912125551111 PROCEED! PhoneA: Region SF; Location SF SF_GW: Region SF; Location SF SF-SF Codec: G.711, ergo 80k Same Location: CAC OK!
User Originally Dialed 1111

SF_GW
Unified CM Cluster
Bandwidth Not Available! NY_GW
IP WAN
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77
Place Call in SF
Cisco Public
PSTN
New Call in NY

Without Call Forward Unregistered (CFUR)
2 Call fwded to 5001 (vmail) Unified CM cluster HQ vmail 3 SRST Mode
DN: 2000 DID: 4085262000 CFB: 5001 (vmail)
IP WAN
CFB CSS: Internal
Call 2000
Dallas
PSTN
San Jose
Prior to CFUR, Call Forward Busy (CFB) used when phones unregistered
Issue: Phone is still able to receive calls via PSTN
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With CFUR (Unified CM 4.2 and 6.x)
2 Call fwded to 914085262000 Unified CM cluster HQ SRST Mode
DN: 2000 DID: 4085262000 DN: 2000 CSS: Unrestricted CFUR: 914085262000
IP WAN
CFUR CSS: <None>
Call 2000
Dallas
PSTN
San Jose
Reroutes calls to unregistered DNs using number specified in Call Forward Unregistered (CFUR) field Number in CFUR field needs to include PSTN access codes If leave CFUR CSS as <None>, calling partys CSS is used (Calling phones class of service must allow call)
79

CFUR Caveats
CFUR Destination number same irrespective of calling phones PSTN dialing requirements based on calling site
An issue for previous example if say, calling phone was in Europe: the dialed number should be 0 00 1 408 526 2000
CFUR CSS same irrespective of calling phones dial plan; i.e., not able to use different GW based on calling site
As noted, if CFUR CSS is left to <none>, calling phones CSS is used and the Calling phones class of service must allow call Not a Protected Feature!
Beware of Loops: What happens if phone is merely un-registered (site not in SRST-mode)?
GWs should not be allowed to place calls to number ranges that deliver calls to the GW itself; the next slide illustrates this issue
80

CFUR Caveats
2 Call fwded to 914085262000 5 Call fwded to 914085262000 Unified CM cluster HQ 4 Call for 2000
DN: 2000 DID: 4085262000
CFUR: 914085262000
IP WAN
CFUR CSS: DAL_GW
Call 2000
Dallas
PSTN
San Jose
CFUR is invoked whenever DN is unregistered, including when EM is logged out or the phone is unplugged CFUR CSS cannot be expected to be able to avoid loops in this situation
81

CFUR Caveats
Set service parameter to 1 (or 2) to limit loops (value may need to be higher if forwarding chains are used for voicemail or other applications) When looping call is dropped, caller hears fast-busy
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External Routes in Unified CM

Overall Structure
Route Pattern
Matches dialed number for external calls Points to a route list for routing Performs digit manipulation (optional) Route Pattern
Route List
Points to prioritized route groups Performs digit manipulation (opt) 1st Choice Route Group 1
Route List 2nd Choice Route Group 2 1st Choice

GK
Route Group
Points to the actual devices Distribution algorithm
2nd Choice
Devices
Gateways (MGCP, SCCP, H.323) Gatekeeper (H.323) Trunk (H.323, ICT, SIP)
IP WAN
PSTN
Configuration Order
83
Alternate Routing for External Routes

The Route List/Route Group Construct
User Calls 526-4000 Route Pattern 52.XXXXX
Route Pattern Match No Digit Manipulation
New York 3a
Discard Pre-dot (52) Point to Remote CM via InterCluster Trunk + GK 1st Choice
Route List SJ
Select Route Group Based on Priority
3b
2nd Choice
Route Group SJ-IPWAN
Route Group NY-PSTN

1st Choice 2nd Choice
Prepend 1408 Point to Local PSTN Gateway
Select Gateway 4b Based on Priority
4a
64000 Sent over IP WAN to SJ Cisco Unified CM
5b
1 (408) 526-4000 Sent over PSTN to San Jose
IP WAN
GK
PSTN
DID: (408) 526-4000 DN: 64000
San Jose
84
Agenda
Call Routing Basics

Other Tools
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Tail-End Hop-Off (TEHO)

What Is It?
Cisco Unified CM Cluster 1
Calls 9 1 646 5556789
(408) 555-1234
Cisco Unified CM Cluster 2 Gatekeeper

GK
(646) 555-6789
San Jose PSTN
San Jose
New York
New York PSTN
Local Call
1
IP WAN
Local Call
Calls to a Remote PSTN Number Use the IP WAN and Terminate at the GW Closest to the Destination
Seattle PSTN
BRKVVT-2008_c2
Calls 9 1 408 5551234
Seattle
Cisco Public
1 2
Within a Cisco Unified CM Cluster
Across Cisco Unified CM Clusters

86

Intracluster: Seattle to San Jose
User Calls 914085551234 Route Pattern 91408[2-9]XXXXXX
Route Pattern Match No Digit Manipulation
2 Seattle 3a
1st Choice Route Through SJ GW As a Result Call Is Local Unified CM Strips off 9 CAC May Reject Call
Route List SEA-1st-RL
Select Route Group Based on Priority 2nd Choice
3b
Backup Path Use LRG CAC Not Required
Route Group SJ-RG

SJ GW
Local Route Group

Sea GW
4a
SJ Gateway Presents Call to PSTN in SJ
4b
GW Strips 9 Then Presents Call to PSTN in SEA
PSTN
(408) 555 1234 San Jose
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Intracluster: Route Patterns for Seattle
Route Patterns Route Pattern
9.1 408 [2-9]XX XXXX 911, 9.911 9.[2-9]XX XXXX 9.1 [2-9]XX [2-9]XX XXXX 9.011!, 9.011!#
Route List SJ-1st-RL

1st choice 2nd choice
Route List US-RL
Route Group SJ-RG
Local Route Group
San Jose Gateway
Seattle Gateway
PSTN
PSTN
88

Intracluster: Composite Dial Plan for Seattle
CSS Assigned to IP Phone Based on Policy and Geography
Partitions
Internal
Route Lists
Route Groups
Devices
IP Phones, VM Internal_SEA
SEA_911
911
9.911
Local_SEA
SEA_Local
Seattle Gateway
SEA RL
2nd Choice
SEA RG
PSTN
9.[2-9]XXXXXX
SEA_National
9.1 [2-9]XX [2-9]XX XXXX
National_SEA
9.1 408 [2-9]XX XXXX
SJ-SEA RL
1st Choice
SJ RG
PSTN San Jose Gateway
International_SEA
SEA_International
9.011! 9.011!#
89

Intercluster: San Jose to New York
Calls 9 1 646 5556789 San Jose Cisco Unified CM Cluster
Gatekeeper
GK
New York Cisco Unified CM Cluster
(646) 555-6789
IP WAN
San Jose Gateway New York Gateway
Step 1
Route Pattern
9.1 646 [2-9]XX XXXX 1st choice 2nd choice
Step 2
gatekeeper zone prefix NY 1646.......
Step 3
Route Pattern
1 646 [2-9]XX XXXX
GK-Controlled SJ Trunk Gateway

NY Gateway
90

Intercluster: Composite Dial Plan for San Jose
CSS Assigned to IP Phone Based on Policy and Geography
Partitions
Internal
Route Lists
Route Groups
Devices
IP Phones, VM Internal_SJ
SJ_911
911
San Jose Gateway
9.911
Local_SJ
SJ_Local
9.[2-9]XXXXXX
SJ_National
9.1 [2-9]XX [2-9]XX XXXX
SJ-SJ RL
2nd Choice
SJ-RG
PSTN
National_SJ
9.1 646 [2-9]XX XXXX
SJ-WAN RL
WANRG
GK
IP WAN
International_SJ
SJ_International
9.011! 9.011!#
1st Choice
Gatekeeper
91

Intercluster: Dial Plan for New York
Incoming Calls from Gatekeeper
Partitions
Route Lists
Route Groups
Devices
Internal
IP Phones, VM
GK
From_IP_WAN
NY_TEHO 9.1 646 [2-9]XX XXXX
New York Gateway
NY-NY RL
NY-RG
PSTN
Note: To Avoid Routing Loops, Do Not Include Partitions That Contain IP WAN Routes in the From_IP_WAN Calling Search Space
92
Agenda
Call Routing Basics

Other Tools
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Other Tools
The Options
In Unified CM, under the Call Routing menu, there are many advanced Dial-Plan features Unified CM Administration Guide and Features and Services Guide can provide more details
http://cisco.com/en/US/partner/products/ sw/voicesw/ps556/prod_maintenance_g uides_list.html
We will go into some detail on:

Translation Patterns Time of Day Routing Hunt Groups Call Coverage
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Translation Patterns
The Basics
Looks like a route pattern, allows digit manipulation
Instead of sending calls outside via a route list, forces second lookup in Cisco Unified CM, using a (possibly different) calling search space
User dials 0 to reach operator
Translation Pattern
2001
Ext. 2001
Translates 0 to 2001 and forces a second lookup
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Translation Patterns
Call Flow
Calling Search Spaces Partitions
Translations Translation Pattern Transforms 0 to 2001 and Forces Second Lookup
OperatorCSS
Dials 0 to Reach Operator
0 [Transform Mask: 2001] [ CSS: InternalCSS]
Delivers 2001
AllPhones
InternalCSS
All IP Phones
Looks like a route pattern, allows digit manipulation Instead of sending calls outside via a route list, forces second lookup in Cisco Unified CM, using a (possibly different) calling search space Translation Patterns are Urgent Priority by nature: as soon as they match, the inter-digit timer is aborted, and the best match pattern is selected to route the call
96
Call Coverage Example

Hunt Group Construct
Hunt Pilot Matches dialed number for call coverage Performs digit manipulation Points to Hunt List for routing Hunt List Chooses path for call routing Points to prioritized Line Groups
Hunt Pilot
Configuration Order
Hunt List First Choice Second Choice Line Group II
Line Group Performs Digit manipulation Points to actual extensions
Line Group I
Endpoints IP Phones Voicemail Ports
IP Phones
Voicemail
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Time of Day Partitions
1. Create hourly Time Periods that repeat week from or year on 2. Create a Time Schedule to include selected Time Periods
3. Configure a Partition with the configured Time Schedule [default Time Schedule for partitions is <none>]
This partition (and the Internal Numbers assigned to this partition) will now only remain active during the Time of Day configured in the Time Schedule
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Call Flow
Orlando Unified CM Cluster
SJC Partition
Hunt Pilot 2 DN 8000
Hunt Pilot 1 DN 8000
MCO Partition
Call coming in at 9 am PST on Sunday for 8000 distributed to SJC Phones
Time Period 1100 to 1700 Mon-Fri Time Period 0800 to 1700 Sun Time Period No Business Jul 4th
Hunt List
Hunt List
Time Period 0800 to 1400 Mon-Fri Time Period 0800 to 1700 Sat Time Period No Business Jul 4th
Line Group
Line Group
Call coming in at 9 AM EST on Saturday for 8000 distributed to MCO Phones
SJC (PST) Time Schedule
MCO IP Phones
MCO (EST) Time Schedule
IP WAN Unified CM routes the call based on time of the day

SJC IP Phones
San Jose Site

99
BRKVVT-2008_c2
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Parts List
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General Recommendations
Think Long Term! Short, Standard naming conventions Keep it simple BRKVVT-3000: Advanced Dial Plan Design
101
Q and A
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Recommended Reading
Continue your Cisco Live learning experience with further reading from Cisco Press
Check the Recommended Reading flyer for suggested books
Available Onsite at the Cisco Company StoreSM

103
Complete Your Online Session Evaluation

Give us your feedback and you could win fabulous prizes. Winners announced daily.
Receive 20 Passport points for each session evaluation you complete. Complete your session evaluation online now (open a browser through our wireless network to access our portal) or visit one of the Internet stations throughout the Convention Center.
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104
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Backup Slides
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Step-by-Step Guidelines
Define meaningful tags (Emergency, Local, LD, Intl)
! dial-peer cor custom name EMERG name LOCAL name LD name INTL !
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Define simple COR lists (with only one tag as a member) to be used as partitions
! dial-peer cor member EMERG ! dial-peer cor member LOCAL ! dial-peer cor member LD ! dial-peer cor member INTL ! list EMERG
list LOCAL
list LD list INTL
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Define simple COR lists (with only one tag as a member) to be used as partitions Assign the partitions as outgoing COR lists to the appropriate POTS dial peers
! dial-peer voice 911 pots corlist outgoing EMERG dest-patt 911 port x/x forward-digits 3 ! dial-peer voice 7 pots corlist outgoing LOCAL dest-patt 9[2-9]...... port x/x forward-digits 7 !
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Define simple COR lists (with only one tag as a member) to be used as partitions Assign the partitions as outgoing COR lists to the appropriate POTS dial peers Define COR lists to be used as CSS (containing a subset of the tags as members)
! dial-peer cor list RESTR member EMERG ! dial-peer cor list LOCALCSS member EMERG member LOCAL ! dial-peer cor list UNRESTR member EMERG member LOCAL member LD member INTL !
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Define simple COR lists (with only one tag as a member) to be used as partitions Assign the partitions as outgoing COR lists to the appropriate POTS dial peers Define COR lists to be used as CSS (containing a subset of the tags as members) Assign the CSS as incoming COR lists to the different phone numbers under the SRST commands
! call-manager-fallback cor incoming RESTR default cor incoming LCLCSS 1 2101 - 2149 cor incoming UNRESTR 2 2150 - 2159 !
111
Other Tools
Call Forward No Coverage
In the Hunt Pilot configuration settings, Use Personal Preferences Destination fields are available to enable the Call Forward No Coverage (CFNC) settings for the original called number that forwarded the call to the hunt pilot
Example: A IP Phone with extension 1234 has call forwarded to HuntPilot 3456 and the hunt pilot members don't answer, then if the personal preferences box is checked on huntpilot then the call forwards to the no coverage number configured on the 1234 extension
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Call Admission Control (CAC)

Why Is It Needed?
Circuit-Switched Networks Packet-Switched Networks
IP WAN link configured with Low Latency Queuing (LLQ) Provisioned for 2 calls (equivalent to 2 virtual trunks) No physical limitation on IP links so 3rd call can go through. Voice quality of ALL calls will degrade.
PSTN
IP WAN
Physical Trunks
Third Call Rejected
IP WAN Link
PBX
STOP
Router/ Gateway
Unified CM
Call Admission Control blocks 3rd call
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Cisco Unified CM Static Locations

Concept
Central Site
Prevent WAN link oversubscription by limiting voice bandwidth

Assign bandwidth limit for voice per location
(G729 = 24Kbps, G711=80Kbps)
<Hub_None> Location
Location1 makes a G729 call over WAN to the Central Site
PSTN
IP WAN
Remote Sites
Location 1
Max BW = 24 kbps Avail BW = 24 kbps
Location 2
114
Cisco Unified CM Static Locations

Concept
Central Site
Prevent WAN link oversubscription by limiting voice bandwidth

Assign bandwidth limit for voice per location
(G729 = 24Kbps, G711=80Kbps)
<Hub_None> Location
Location1 makes a G729 call over WAN to the Central Site Location 1 attempts a 2nd G729 call, but Locationsbased CAC blocks the call When resources are insufficient, user hears a fast-busy tone and a message is displayed on the phone
PSTN
IP WAN
STOP
Remote Sites
Location 1
Location 2
115
Extension Mobility
Functionality
Extension Mobility (EM) is an application that allows a user to temporarily take ownership of a phone User-specific device profile is configured for each EM user and applied to the phone a user logs in to User can log in to any phone within a Unified CM cluster that has been enabled for EM
Device Profile
62796
62796 62798
Home Sue Mobile
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Mobility and Mobility Applications

Mobile User without Device Mobility Feature
Denver (303) 555-1234
PSTN call uses home gateway Location CAC is unaware of the call G.711 CODEC uses more WAN bandwidth Home sites Media Resources are selected (e.g. RTP conf bridge could be used) AAR would be anchored on the home gateway
HQ
PSTN
G.711
Dials 9-1-303555-1234
RTP (home)
SJC (visiting)
117

Device Mobility Feature (Unified CM 4.2 and 6.x)
Determines that the device has moved to new location based on the devices IP subnet
Dynamically associates roaming device pool to devices that move to a different location
Determines the following parameters:

Location Region
Device Calling Search Space

AAR configuration SRST reference MRGL
118

Device MobilityUser Gets New Information
SJC
119

Device MobilityResolution
Denver (303) 555-1234
PSTN call uses roaming gateway Location CAC is aware of the call WAN bandwidth is not consumed Proper Media Resources are selected AAR outgoing calls would be sourced on the new sites GW; incoming calls will fail (as they should)
HQ
PSTN
Dials 9-1-303555-1234
RTP (home)
SJC (visiting)
120

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2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.