Model Based Control of Electrical Drives Using Improved Power Factor Circuit Topologies

Rohit Gupta 801051014

Contents
Problem Statement Power Factor & Its Importance Model Based Control P.E. Based Control System Converter Topologies Simulation Results

Problem Statement
The primary objective is to control the electrical drives using model based adaptive controller. The secondary objective is to improve the efficiency of the converter circuits used in control purpose.

Power Factor Fundamental

Definitions:

Working /Active Power: Normally measured in kilowatts (kW). It does the "work" for the system--providing the motion, torque, heat, or whatever else is required. Reactive Power: Normally measured in kilovoltamperes-reactive (kVAR), doesn't do useful "work." It simply sustains the electromagnetic field. Apparent Power: Normally measured in kilovoltamperes (kVA). Working Power and Reactive Power together make up apparent power.

Power Factor :The Coffee Analogy

Mug Capacity = Apparent Power (KVA)
Foam = Reactive Power (KVAR) Coffee = Real Power (kW)

Power Factor =

Coffee (kW) Mug Capacity (KVA)

Capacitors provide the Foam (KVAR), freeing up Mug Capacity so we dont have to buy a bigger mug and/or so we can pay less for our coffee !

Power Factor is a measure of efficiency. The ratio of Active Power (output) to Total Power (input).
A Power Factor Close to 1 means that the electrical Power is being utilize effectively
Active Power (kW) Total Power (kVA) Reactive Power (KVAR)

Power Factor = = =

Active (Real) Power Total Power kW kVA Cosine ()

Non-Model Based Control

Control Strategy Using PID

Basic of Model Based control

Set Point

Process
Gs

Process Model
Gp

Output

Let GP=1/GS

Set Point=Output

Model based Control

Schematic of IMC Scheme

Schematic of MARC scheme

P.E. based Control System

Power Electronics System

Converter Topologies

Classification of Converters

Rectifiers

Classification of Rectifiers

Simulation results

Conventional Single Phase Diode Rectifier with Filter Capacitor

I/P voltage and current waveform

PARAMETERS CALCULATED POWER FACTOR=0.2156 DISPLACEMENT FACTOR=0.999 CURRENT DISTORTION FACTOR=0.215 CURRENT HARMONIC FACTOR=4.527 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION =176.9

Single Phase Diode Rectifier with LC Filter

I/P voltage and current waveform

PARAMETERS CALCULATED: POWER FACTOR=0.3629 DISPLACEMENT FACTOR=0.967 CURRENT DISTORTION FACTOR=0.375 CURRENT HARMONIC FACTOR=2.471 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION =84.09%

Single Phase Diode Rectifier Circuit with Parallel Input Resonant Filter

I/P voltage and current waveform

PARAMETERS CALCULATED: POWER FACTOR=0.592 DISPLACEMENT FACTOR=0.919 CURRENT DISTORTION FACTOR=0.644 CURRENT HARMONIC FACTOR=1.186 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION =23.39%

Single Phase Diode Rectifier Circuit with Series Input Resonant Filter

I/P voltage and current waveform

PARAMETERS CALCULATED: POWER FACTOR=0.64 DISPLACEMENT FACTOR=0.953 CURRENT DISTORTION FACTOR=0.679 CURRENT HARMONIC FACTOR=1.08 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION =10.12%

Single Phase Diode Rectifier Circuit with Improved Parallel Input Resonant Filter

I/P voltage and current waveform

PARAMETERS CALCULATED: POWER FACTOR=0.931 DISPLACEMENT FACTOR=0.99 CURRENT DISTORTION FACTOR=0.94 CURRENT HARMONIC FACTOR=0.36 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION=5.591%

HF
5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 HF 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 conventional With filter capacitor With LC filter With parallel input resonant filter With series input resonant filter With improved parallel input resonant filter

Value of HF for different models

PF
1.2

0.8

0.6 PF 0.4

0.2

0 conventional With filter capacitor With LC filter With parallel input resonant filter With series input resonant filter With improved parallel input resonant filter

Value of PF for different models

THD
200 180 160 140 120 100 THD 80 60 40 20 0 conventional With filter capacitor With LC filter With parallel input resonant filter With series input resonant filter With improved parallel input resonant filter

Value of HF for different models

DF
1.02 1

0.98

0.96

0.94 DF 0.92

0.9

0.88

0.86 conventional With filter capacitor With LC filter With parallel input resonant filter With series input resonant filter With improved parallel input resonant filter

Value of DF for different models

CDF
1.2

0.8

0.6 CDF 0.4

0.2

conventional

With filter capacitor

With LC filter

With parallel input resonant filter

With series input resonant filter

With improved parallel input resonant filter

Value of CDF for different models

Conclusion
From the results it can be concluded that the improved passive wave shaping method works well in all passive method. But still the scope of improvement is still there so we have to move towards active methods.