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2.1 DEFINITION OF PERCEPTION 2.5 FACTORS INFLUENCING PERCEPTION S STIMULATION 2.9 PERCEPTION AND INTUITION 2.13 SCIENTIFIC WORK ABOUT LOGIC 2.17 METHODS TO CHANGE PERCEPTIONLOGIC
2.2 PERCEPTION SYNTHESIS 2.6 STIMULATIO N FEATURE TOWARDS PERCEPTION 2.10 PERCEPTION AND LOGIC 2.14 AREA OF LOGIC
2.18 CONCLUSION
Introduction
Perception the most important element in thinking process/cognitive process Creative and critical thinking involve perceptual ability to interrelate, to receive and to supplement Wide and flexible perception easy to be creative and critical thinker
Gestalt perception is a conscious process involving individual reaction towards stimulus from environment. According to Edward de Bono (1969), thinking is a process that happened in 2 phases:
1st phase: perception 2nd phase: logic
Definition of perception
Perception is the first phase of thinking process. Second phase is logic. Perception influence what seen by logic. In short, perception determine logic. (Edward de Bono, 1969) Perception is the process in which sensory experiences are organized and made meaningful. (Newman, 1983) Perception is a process where a human knows about objects and objective events through sensation. (Chaplin, 1985)
Perception is a process whereby a person interpret stimulus sensation and gives meaning to it. It is also a conscious and reaction of an individual towards stimulus, which is their personal nature. Perception is also a meaningful pole. Actually it does not happened automatically, but it takes a long time, which include interpretation and proper understanding. (Mohd. Salleh, 1995) Perception is interpretation of what is seen by eyes, or in other way perception is meaning given to what is seen by eyes. (Abdullah and Ainon, 1996) It is a process in which brain received information from senses, restructuring it back and give meaning to it. (Boon and Ragbir, 1998)
Perception synthesis
Perception process enable us understand our environment. Observing process happened in two phases:
1st phase: eyes send information to the brain 2nd phase: brain tells the eyes what is seen
Perception process
Phase 1 Sensory stimulation See Taste Feel Touch Smell File 1 Subsub file File 2 Information accepted Phase 2
Subsub file
Mental pola
Sub-sub file
Perception is a pole set about any concept and meaning that resembles in our mind. These set of poles we get from surveillance,observationand direct participation of our surroundings.
Cognitive process
Perception Hypothes is
- Interpretation from sensory data (knowledge) - Perception is not static - e.g. Necker Cube
No
Yes
Identifyi ng stimulati
Perception is personal
Perception characteristics
Perception happen continuously Perception is very selective
Contrast factor
Personal factor
Expectation
Concentratio n
Object order
Time range
Mental set
Self motivation
Past experience
Extraordinar y stimulus
Perception error
Human is created with weaknesses spiritually, emotionally, intellectually, and physically. Richard (1989) human weaknesses in translating perception happened because of the total prediction power while human is translating input received through their environment.
Negative perception Narrow insight perception Common mistakes of perception (Ainon & Abdullah, 1996) Personal perception
Macro perception
Perception organization
Perception enable us to look for certain information only. Then information was kept in memory become experience As a human, we have to be clever to organize perception, to be suitable for creative and critical thinking.
It is important in a process of problem solving and decision making. Creative thinking can generate many ideas and solving in different perspectives. Creative thinking techniques: need to be learnt
Expand perception in viewing and solving problems Widen observation towards something better
Intuition functioned in perception. Perception translating; intuition widen the dimension of perception Intuition helps to:
How perception can be translated correctly? How was it built? What is the implication to other situation? How should we react? What is the new idea that can we derive in our mind?
Inference
Mind logic
Nature logic
Inductive
Deductive
Daily life event - Communication; watching - Shopping; observing - Walking, studying, playing
Specific General
General Specific
Logic in a glance
Logichasexisted thousands of years ago. Logic is derived from human intelligence. Three major ages of logic:
Classical age Islamic era Modern age
Traditional logic
Symbolic logic
Pragmatic logic
ories ateg C lo g ic ) of
0 , 199 (Jujun
Epistemolo gy logic
Multi-values logic
Science logic
Area of logic
Logic is a tool or basis for other knowledge area (Bolton, 1976). Logic is the head of knowledge, whoever did not learnt about logic, their knowledge could not be believed Imam al-Ghazali Knowledge with strong logic basis are religion, philosophy, applied and natural science, language, mathematics, calculus, space,
Classical age
Logic called as pure logic Since 600 B.C., Heraclitus age Aristotle create very useful logic basis Scholars in Classical age:
Heraclitus Socrates Plato Pythagoras
Closely related with philosoph y Closely related with language and rhetoric
Logic as argumentati on
Islamic era
Logic in golden age of Islam is influenced by classical age Translated by scholars al-Farabi, alKindi Given new dimension in scientific research Scholars:
Ibn Sina Ibn Haitham Imam al-Ghazali
History writing
Characteristic s
Language review
Mathematics verification
Modern age
Scholars trying to find alternative to improve Rene Descartes discover more dynamic logic system dialectic Now logic is more scientific and empirical Scholars:
Galileo Newton Pascal
Deductive logic
Inductive logic
Specific statement
General assumptions
Inductive logic Specific general Observe and analyze existing data Create hypothesis to link the data Science and natural science research
Intellect logic: to solve mathematic problems Nature logic: to interact Intellect logic will not be congenial with nature logic Intellect logic emphasize concrete perception, whereas nature logic emphasize reasoning perception Another type of logic: dialectics logic uses argument in the form of Q & A
Individual experience
Repetition
Logics weakness es
Unbalanced
Perceptions restrain
One sided
Conclusion
Every human being has perception. Perception enable human to know a lot things, events, objects. Good and positive perception is beneficial for human. However, bad perception can also bring goodness. Perception MUST BE and HAVE TO BE controlled. Controller intellect, lust and faith!