Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Prepared by: Alcozar, Marie Stella Joy Laquindanum, Vladimir Olivar, Cristel Dianne MMA 1-1
Ancient Art refer to the many types of art that that were in the cultures of many societies, such as those of ancient China, India, Mesopotamia, Persia, Egypt, Greece, and Rome.
Prehistoric art
Paleolithic Art (the late years of the Old Stone Age) -is the art of the last Ice Age, during which time glaciers covered large areas of Northern Europe and North America.
Mesolithic Art (Middle Stone Age) -it began with the final retreat of the glaciers. *Mesolithic artists concentrated on the human figure. *The human figure was simplified, and the subjects ranged from warriors to ceremonial dancers.
Ritual Dance (c. 10,000 BCE). Rock engraving. Cave of Addaura, Monte Pellegrino (Palermo), Italy.
Neolithic Art (New Stone Age) -during the New Stone Age, life became more stable and predictable. People domesticated plants and animals, and food production took the place of food gathering. *Megaliths-meaning large stones
sumer
It is the major civilizations of ancient Mesopotamia lay along one or the other of these rivers, and the first to rise to prominence. It is located in Mesopotamia.
Cuneiform-system of writing, from the Latin cuneus, meaning wedge; the characters in cuneiform writing are wedged shaped. Ziggurat-one of the most impressive testimonies to the Sumerians religion-based society. -a monumental platform for a temple also seen in the Babylonian and Assyrian civilizations of later years.
Sumerian Gods -Anu was the god of the sky -Nannu the god of the moon -Abu the god of vegetation
White Temple at Uruk and Ziggurat
(Sumerian, c.3200-3000 BCE). Sun-dried brick.
akkad
Located north of Sumer, centered around the valley of the Tigris River. Its government was based on independent city-states, which, along with those of Sumer, eventually came under the influence of the Akkadian ruler Sargon.
Victory Stele of Naram Sin (Akkadian, c.2300-2200 BCE).
Babylonia
During the eighteenth century BCE the Babylonian Empire, under Hammurabi, rose to power and dominated Mesopotamia. Hammurabis major contribution to civilization was the codification of Mesopotamian laws. This code of law was inscribed on the Stele of Hammurabi, a relief sculpture of basalt over seven feet high.
assyria
The ancient empire of Assyria developed along the upper Tigris River. The Assyrians were influenced by Babylonian art, culture, and religion. Assyria was an empire built on military conquests and campaigns.
persia
It was led by King Cyrus, marched toward empire, Babylon was but one of a growing list of casualties. The art of Persia consists of sprawling palaces of grand dimensions and sculpture that is almost totally abstract in its simplicity of design.
Egyptian art
Fertile Crescent- the lush land that lay between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, providing sustenance for the Mesopotamian civilization.
3 aspects of Egyptian art: -religion -death -conventionalism 3 periods of the art and culture of Egypt: -Old Kingdom (2680-2258 BCE) -Middle Kingdom (2000-1786 BCE) -New Kingdom (1570-1342 BCE)
Fertile Ribbonits counterpart in Egypt, hugs the banks of the Nile River, which flows north from Africa and empties into the Mediterranean Sea.
Old kingdom
Egyptian religion was bound closely to the afterlife. Happiness in the afterlife was believed to be ensured through the continuation of certain aspects of earthly life. In the years prior to the dawn
ARCHITECTURE
most spectacular remains of Old Kingdom Egypt, and the most famous, are the Great Pyramids at Gizeh. Constructed as tombs, they provided a resting place for the pharaoh, underscored his status as a deity, and lived after him as a monument to his accomplishments . The interiors of the pyramids consist of a network of chambers, galleries, and air shafts.
Middle kingdom
The Middle Kingdom witnessed a change in the political hierarchy of Egypt. A striking aspect of Middle Kingdom architecture was the rockcut tombs which may have been designed to prevent robberies.
New kingdom
Hyskos-the rule of an Asiatic tribe. They introduce Bronze Age weapons to Egypt, as well as the horse. New Kingdom was launched. It proved to be one of the most vital periods in Egyptian history, marked by expansionism, increased wealth, and economic and political stability. Mortuary Temple-a new architectural form and were carved out of the living rock.
Aegean art
Those of the Aegean Crete in particular developed and thrived because of their island location. As maritime powers, they maintained contact with distant cultures with whom they traded-including those Egypt and Asia Minor. Homer, in the Iliad and the Odyssey were viewed as fancy rather than fact. Heinrich Schlieman-followed the very words of Homer and unearthed some of the ancient sites.
cyclades
Figurine of a Woman Characteristics:
Triangles dominate Emphasis on breasts
Fertility goddess
Cycladic idol, from Amorgos(c.2500-1100 BCE).
crete
The civilization that developed on the island of Crete was one of the most remarkable in the ancient world, rich in painting, sculpture, and elaborate architecture. Evans divided the history of Minoan civilization into 3 parts: -Early Minoan Period -Middle Minoan Period -Late Minoan Period The most spectacular of the restored palaces on Crete is that at Knossos.
mycenae
Lion Gate Characteristics:
Capped with a huge lintel Above lintel is corbelled arch Relieving triangle
One of the most famous carved pieces in Mycenae is the Lion Gate, one of the entrance ways to the citadel of that city.
jerusalem
Jerusalem is a city set in history, a city beset by current events. A city at once pluralistic and, more than one, intolerant. Jerusalem-spiritually, the home of three of the worlds great religions and, emotionally, a house too often divided.