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Backup & Recovery with RMAN

LCG 3D Workshop, Bologna June 12th, 2007 Jacek Wojcieszuk

CERN - IT Department CH-1211 Genve 23 Switzerland

LCG

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Agenda

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Types of failures and backups in Oracle RMAN Architecture Manual vs. RMAN backups On-tape backups with RMAN RMAN Configuration RMAN backup strategies RMAN backups at Tier0 Exemplary recovery scanarios Demo

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LCG 3D Workshop, Bologna, June 2007 - 2

Types of failures
Instance Failure
Usually connected with an Oracle process failure

Media Failure
Disk failure, storage array controller failure etc.

Block Corruption
Usually caused by bugs in Oracle software

Human error
In most cases accidentally deleted/updated data Database user or DBA

Disaster
Fire, flood, earthquake, plane crash etc.
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Backup options in Oracle


Physical backups
Cold (off-line) backups
Full database only Require downtime Do not provide flexibility for point in time recovery (PiTR)

Hot (on-line) backups


Different types of backups: full, incr. (cumulative, differential), archivelogs Different scopes: full database, tablespace(s) or datafile(s) Do not require database downtime Can be used to recover full database, single/multiple tablespace(s)/datafile(s) or a corrupted block Database can be recovered to any point in time within assumed backup retention period
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Backup options in Oracle (2)


Logical backups
Logical copy of data in the database Support for different backup granularity Can be taken either with legacy Export/Import tools or with Data Pump (10g)

Standby systems (Data Guard)


Physical and logical standby databases

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How hot backups are possible?

SGA

Server proc. DBWR


Db file Db file Db file

Backup proc.

LGWR

Tapes or disks system

RedoLog

Log archiver

Db file

RedoLog

Archived redo logs

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LCG 3D Workshop, Bologna, June 2007 - 6

RMAN architecture

Target Database

RMAN Client Target Database

RMAN Catalog Schema

Target Database

Auxiliary Database

Catalog Database

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Types of RMAN hot backups


Copy or backupset Full database backup Incremental backups (in 10g 2 levels available: 0 and 1)
Cumulative, differential Can be used to update a copy of the database

Archivelog backups Tablespace(s), datafile(s) backups

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Differential incremental

Cumulative incremental LCG 3D Workshop, Bologna, June 2007 - 8

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Manual vs. RMAN backups


RMAN advantages:
Supports incremental backup strategies RMAN on-line backups are not so heavy for the system as manual on-line backups RMAN can detect corrupted blocks RMAN automatically track database structure changes Provides easy, automated backup, restore and recovery operations Keeps invenotory of taken backups Can seamlessly work with third party media managers

Disadvantage: something new to learn


RMAN concepts and command syntax sometimes are not intuitive
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On-tape backups with RMAN


RMAN allows to take on-disk backups out of the box
Flash recovery area, if configured, further simplifies such backups On disk backups are interesting but usually not sufficient for a disaster recovery

On-disk backups can be manually sent to tapes


Recovery can be very troublesome

RMAN can seamlessly work with third party Media Managers


Media Manager Library (MML) is required Different configuration tasks for different MMLs
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LCG 3D Workshop, Bologna, June 2007 - 10

On-tape backups with RMAN (2) Many vendors of Media Management software provide MMLs Most popular are:
Tivoli Storage Manager Veritas NetBackup EMC NetWorker

Oracle Secure Backup


Very new and probably not yet reliable enough

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LCG 3D Workshop, Bologna, June 2007 - 11

RMAN Configuration
RMAN can be preconfigured
Configuration is stored in the control file and in the recovery catalog (if used) Can facilitate backup automation

Most useful settings:


Setting Retention policy Device type Default device type Backup optimization Channel device type Maxsetsize
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Default to redundancy 1 disk parallelism 1 ... to disk off none unlimited

Recommended

Controlfile autobackup off

on
to recovery window of 31 days disk|sbt prallelism 2 ... to sbt off sbt parms=... depends on your database size

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RMAN Configuration (2)


Example:
configure RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 31 DAYS; configure DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO 'sbt'; configure DEVICE TYPE 'sbt' PARALLELISM 2; configure CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE sbt parms='ENV= (TDPO_OPTFILE=/opt/tivoli/tsm/client/oracle/bin/tdpo.opt)'; configure DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 2; configure MAXSETSIZE TO 200 G; configure archivelog backup copies for device type 'sbt' to 1; configure controlfile autobackup on;

The SHOW ALL command lists all RMAN configuration settings To clear a given settings append CLEAR at the end of the CONFIGURE command
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RMAN backup strategies RMAN allows many types of backups It possible to build own backup strategy that suits given database best There are also Oracle recommended backup strategies:
Incremental backup strategy: level 0 backups + level 1 backups (cumulative and/or differential) and archivelog backups inbetween. Incrementally updated database copy: 1 backup as copy of the whole database + incremental backups used to update the copy + archived redo logs.
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LCG 3D Workshop, Bologna, June 2007 - 14

Backup strategy used at Tier0


Both Oracle-recommended strategies implemented for all production systems Incremental backup strategy:
Backups go to tapes Weekly or biweekly level 0 backups (depending on the DB size) A level 1 cumulative backup inbetween Daily incremental level 1 differential backups Archivelog backup every 30 minutes

Incrementally updated DB copy strategy:


daily incremental differential backups applied with 2 days of delay Copies, incremental backups and archived redo logs stored in the Flash Recovery Area
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LCG 3D Workshop, Bologna, June 2007 - 15

Backup operations at Tier0


Central machine to schedule and run all the backups Central RMAN catalog exported on regular basis Examples of RMAN commands being used:
run { crosscheck archivelog all; backup force tag some_tag_0T' incremental level 0 check logical database force format '%d_%T_%U_lvl0T' plus archivelog format '%d_%T_%U_lvl0Tarch'; delete noprompt force archivelog all completed before sysdate - 2"; } run { crosscheck archivelog all; backup tag some_tag_1D' incremental level 1 database format '%d_%T_%U_lvl1D' plus archivelog format '%d_%T_%U_lvl1Darch'; delete noprompt force archivelog all completed before sysdate 2; } LCG 3D Workshop, Bologna, June 2007 - 16

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Backup operations at Tier0 (2)


run { backup tag some_tag_AR' archivelog all format '%d_%T_%U_arch'; delete noprompt force archivelog all completed before sysdate - 2; }

run { backup maxsetsize 2047G tag ' DB_Copy_tag' device type disk incremental level 1 for recover of copy with tag DB_Copy_tag database; recover device type disk copy of database with tag DB_Copy_tag until time sysdate -2 ; delete force noprompt backupset device type disk tag DB_Copy_tag completed before sysdate -2; }

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Complete database recovery


Needed when:
All datafiles are lost or the SYSTEM tablespace datafiles are lost At least one member of each redo log group survived

Requires:
Control file recovery (if its lost) Datafile restore from a backup Database recovery using incremental backups and/or archived redo logs and online redo logs
startup mount run { allocate channel c1 device type disk|sbt; allocate channel c2 device type disk|sbt; restore database check readonly; recover database; alter database open; }
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LCG 3D Workshop, Bologna, June 2007 - 18

Database point-in-time recovery


Needed when:
all datafiles are lost All copies of the current control file are lost Or all online redo log group members are lost

The most typical recovery in case of systems implementing SAME approach If done after a disaster it has to be preceded by:
Hardware configuration OS and Oracle software installation Re-creation or restore from non-RMAN backup of listener.ora, tnsnames.ora and other important configuration files ASM instance and diskgroup configuration (if needed) MML installation and configuration ...

Requires
Spfile restore Controlfile restore Datafiles restore and recovery
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set dbid=xxxxxxx startup nomount; run { allocate channel c1 device type disk|sbt; restore spfile to some_location from autobackup; recover database; alter database open resetlogs; } shutdown immediate; startup nomount; run { allocate channel c1 device type disk|sbt; restore controlfile from autobackup; alter database mount; } run { set until time = "to_date('24-AUG-2006 00:00:00','dd-mon-yyyy hh24:mi:ss')"; allocate channel c1 device type disk|sbt; allocate channel c2 device type disk|sbt; restore database check readonly; recover database; alter database open resetlogs; } LCG 3D Workshop, Bologna, June 2007 - 20

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Tablespace point-in-time recovery Needed


Mainly to address a human error

Oracle makes efforts to automate it


Can be done with few clicks in OEM

Requires
Point in time recovery of the whole database (an auxiliary instance is created) Export/import of selected tablespaces schemas or objects

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LCG 3D Workshop, Bologna, June 2007 - 21

Block media recovery


Needed when:
Database reports either single or multi block corruption

Can be done with an open database Only the table(s) containing corrupted blocks are not available Database corruptions can be discovered with RMAN backup validate database command Corrupted blocks can be found in V$DATABASE_BLOCK_CORRUPTION
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 19, block # 44) ORA-01110: data file 19: d:\oracle\oradata\data\mydb_maintbs_01.dbf run { allocate channel c1 device type disk|sbt; blockrecover datafile 19 block 44; }
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LCG 3D Workshop, Bologna, June 2007 - 22

Single/multiple datafile/tablespace recovery


Needed when
Single/multiple tablespaces or datafiles have been lost SYSTEM tablespace is intact Controlfiles and online redo logs are intact

Requires
To put offline datafiles and tablespaces being recovered The database can be open and available to users
run { sql alter tablespace users offline; allocate channel c1 device type disk|sbt; restore tablespace users; recover tablespace users; sql alter tablespace users online; }
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Demo

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Hands on preparation
https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/view/PSSGroup /HandsOnExercises Please start a full backup of your database, if possible use a tape system

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More info
Oracle Database 10g RMAN Backup & Recovery (by Mathew Hart and Robert G. Freeman) Oracle Documentation
Backup and Recovery Basics Backup and Recovery Advanced User's Guide Backup and Recovery Reference

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